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題名:臺灣已婚婦女勞動再參與行為的變遷
書刊名:人口學刊
作者:簡文吟
作者(外文):Chien, Wen-yin
出版日期:2004
卷期:28
頁次:頁1-47
主題關鍵詞:婚育離職勞動再參與已婚婦女勞動參與轉型Married women's employment patternsChanges of employment reentry patternShorter employment interruption
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(13) 博士論文(4) 專書(1) 專書論文(2)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:13
  • 共同引用共同引用:111
  • 點閱點閱:69
行政院民國89 年「台灣地區婦女婚育與就業調查」顯示,已婚婦女勞動再參與行為正面臨重要轉變,不僅因結婚及生育離職婦女的復職率創下二十年的最高水準,年輕世代婦女平均離職時間也明顯縮短。相較於過往多半在子女進小學或國中後才重返勞動市場,年輕一代婦女在學齡前子女階段便重返就業的勞動再參與模式,展現了一種不同的家庭與工作制度連結模式。 本文分析「台灣地區婦女婚育與就業調查」原始個體資料與「經濟發展與婦女家庭地位:台灣的家庭結構、婦女就業型態與家庭權力結構之關聯」50 對夫妻深度訪談資料,一方面由82 年與89 年官方調查資料的比較,勾勒台灣已婚婦女勞動再參與經驗的變遷,另一方面以深度訪談資料討論支撐台灣已婚婦女得以二度就業或提早重返勞動研究發現,從民國82 年到民國89 年,二度就業的確是台灣已婚婦女勞動參與轉型過程中最重要的現象,比率從13.7% 上升為18.3%。挑選二度就業婦女分析發現,隨時代轉移,「延後至生育階段離職、提早重返」是目前二度就業婦女的重要行為特徵,平均離職月數由82 年的102.5 個月縮短為89 年的94.3 個月。婦女提早重返職場趨勢在年輕世代更明顯,平均離職月數從85.4 個月縮短為70.6 個月。 至於是什麼樣的社會文化環境支撐著年輕一輩二度就業婦女提早重返勞動市場?質化訪談指出,一方面來說,年輕世代已婚婦女所擁有的人力資源及面對的家庭經濟條件都與中年、年長世代大不同,這使得現代人不得不認可已婚婦女出外就業的正當性。只是,若婦女人力資源或薪資不夠豐厚,遇上工作與子女難以兼顧的兩難時,婦女仍會被要求優先履行母職,正是這種「婦女可以工作,但應該為了年幼子女『暫時』犧牲的優勢思考邏輯」,使越來越多想工作或不得不工作的婦女,必須等到孩子大了再去就業,從而促成了台灣二度就業的發展;另一方面,婦女一旦離職,由於離職成本、家庭經濟需求都較過去增加,輔以幼稚園教育體系日趨完備、現代小孩較為早熟等因素,都使得離職婦女能夠或必須及早重返職場。
The last two decades have seen major changes in the married women’s employment reentry pattern. Using the data “Survey of Women's Marriage, Fertility and Employment in Taiwan” conducted by DGBAS, this research examined the changes of labor force reentry between 1993 and 2000 of women who had ever quitted job because of marriage or childbirth. Findings show that women still exit the labor force market for family reasons, however more and more women reentry and seem to have spent a shorter interruption time than past. Rising labor force participation rates of women with under-6-year-old children and shorter employment interruptions mean that the linkage between work and family has changed gradually among young married women. The analysis of 50 couple depth-interviews conducted in 1995 illustrated at the last section points out factors facilitating married women’s employment reentry. The importance of greater personal human capital resource, family economic needs and the development of kindergarten system in Taiwan positively affects young women’s reentry and shorter interruptions. The paper concludes the need to focus on the work-family interface is greater than ever.
期刊論文
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2.Sorensen, Annemette(1983)。Women's Employment Patterns after Marriage。Journal of Marriage and Family,45(2),311-321。  new window
3.Young, Christabel M.(1978)。Work Sequences of Women During the Family Life Cycle。Journal of Marriage and Family,40(2),401-411。  new window
4.Waite, Linda J.(1980)。Working Wives and the Family Life Cycle。American Journal of Sociology,86,272-294。  new window
5.Presser, Harriet B.(1994)。Employment schedules among dual-earner spouses and the division of household labor by gender。American Sociological Review,59(3),348-364。  new window
6.伊慶春、高淑貴(1986)。有關已婚婦女就業的性別角色態度。中央研究院三民主義研究所專題選刊,70,1-27。  延伸查詢new window
7.呂玉瑕(19800900)。社會變遷中臺灣婦女之事業觀--婦女角色意識與就業態度的探討。中央研究院民族學研究所集刊,50,25-66。  延伸查詢new window
8.Desai, Sonalde、Waite, Linda J.(1991)。Women's Employment During Pregnancy and after the First Birth: Occupational Characteristics and Work Commitment。American Sociological Review,56(4),551-566。  new window
9.McLaughlin, Steven D.(1982)。Differential Patterns of Female Labor-force Participation Surrounding the First Birth。Journal of Marriage and the Family,44(2),407-420。  new window
10.Waite, L. J.、Haggstrom, G. W.、Kanouse, D. E.(1985)。Changes in the employment activities of new parents。American Sociological Review,50,263-272。  new window
11.蔡青龍(19880600)。婦女勞動再參與的初步分析。經濟論文叢刊,16(2),149-174。new window  延伸查詢new window
12.伊慶春、簡文吟(20010600)。已婚婦女的持續就業:家庭制度與勞動市場的妥協。臺灣社會學,1,149-182。new window  延伸查詢new window
13.Drobnič, S.、Blossfeld, H. P.、Rohwer, G.(1999)。Dynamics of Women's Employment Patterns over the Family Life Course: A Comparison of the United States and Germany。Journal of Marriage and the family,61(1),133-146。  new window
14.呂玉瑕(19820700)。現代婦女之角色態度的價值延伸現象。思與言,20(2),31-46。new window  延伸查詢new window
15.薛承泰(20001000)。臺灣地區已婚婦女再就業時機的初步分析。人口學刊,21,77-99。new window  延伸查詢new window
16.簡文吟、薛承泰(19960400)。臺灣地區已婚婦女就業型態及其影響因素。人口學刊,17,113-134。new window  延伸查詢new window
17.Moen, P.、Downey, G.、Bolger, N.(1990)。Labor-force Reentry among U. S. Homemakers in Midlife: A Life-course Analysis。Gender & Society,4(2),230-243。  new window
18.Acock, A. C.、John, H. E.(1982)。Egalitarian Sex-Role Attitudes and Female Income。Journal of Marriage and the Family,44,689-691。  new window
19.Charles, M.、Buchmann, M.、Halebsky, S.、Powers, J. M.、Smith, M. M.(2001)。The Context on Women's Market Careers: A Cross-National Study。Work and Occupations,28(3),371-396。  new window
20.Mott, F. L.(1972)。Fertility, Life-Cycle Stage and Female Labor Force Participation in Rhode Island: A Retrospective Overview。Demography,9(1),173-185。  new window
21.Shapiro, D.、Mott, F. L.(1979)。Labor Supply Behavior of Prospective and New Mothers。Demography,16(2),199-208。  new window
22.Thorton, A.、Alwin, D. F.、Camburn, D.(1983)。Causes and Consequences of Sex-role Attitudes and Attitude Change。American Sociological Review,48(2),211-227。  new window
23.Thorton, A.、Freedman, D.(1979)。Changes in the Sex Role Attitude of Women, 1962-1977: Evidence from A Panel Study。American Sociological Review,44,832-842。  new window
24.Van, S.、Leo, B.、Voert, M. T.、Janssen, J.(1990)。Social Position of Women and Sex-Role Attitude: Difference Between Women in the Netherlands in the Eighties。European Sociological Review,6,275-284。  new window
會議論文
1.張晉芬(1996)。女性勞動者婚育離職原因之探討。中央研究院社會學研究所小型專題研討會第三回:台灣勞動研究,中央研究院社會學研究所 (會議日期: 1996年6月7日)。台北。  延伸查詢new window
2.Yi, C. C.、Chien, W. Y.(1999)。Female's Employment Patterns Across Family Life Cycles: Taiwan and Tianjin Comparisons。Chicago, IL。  new window
研究報告
1.行政院主計處(2011)。婦女婚育與就業調查報告。行政院主計處。  延伸查詢new window
2.伊慶春、呂玉瑕(1996)。經濟發展與婦女家庭地位:臺灣的家庭結構、婦女就業型態與家庭權力結構之關聯 (計畫編號:NSC83-0301-H-001-064)。台北:行政院國家科學委員會。  延伸查詢new window
3.中華民國行政院主計處、行政院經濟建設委員會(2002)。中華民國九十一年臺灣地區人力運用調查報告。臺北市:行政院主計處。  延伸查詢new window
4.行政院戶口普查處(1992)。中華民國七十九年臺閩地區戶口及住宅普查報告。臺北市。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.周玟琪(1994)。影響臺灣地區家庭家務分工因素之探討(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.簡文吟(1997)。台灣地區已婚婦女就業型態之分析:離職與復職的檢視(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.行政院戶口普查處(1982)。中華民國六十九年臺閩地區戶口及住宅普查報告。臺北:行政院戶口普查處。  延伸查詢new window
2.Blossfeld, H. P.、Rohwer, G.(1997)。Part-Time Work in West Germany。Between, Equalization and Marginalization. Women Working Part-Time in Europe and the United States of America。New York, NY/ Oxford, UK。  new window
3.Drobnic, S.、Wittig, I.(1997)。Part-Time Work in the United States of America。Between Equalization and Marginalization. Women Working Part-Time in Europe and the United States of America。New York, NY/ Oxford, UK。  new window
其他
1.行政院戶口普查處(1962)。中華民國四十九年臺閩地區戶口及住宅普查抽樣調查報告,沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
2.行政院戶口普查處(1972)。中華民國五十九年臺閩地區戶口及住宅普查抽樣調查報告,沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
3.行政院戶口普查處(2001)。中華民國八十九年臺閩地區戶口及住宅普查報告,臺北市。  延伸查詢new window
4.(2001)。中華民國八十九年臺灣地區婦女婚育與就業調查報告,臺北市。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.伊慶春(1982)。已婚職業婦女的雙重角色:期望、衝突與調適。社會科學整合論文集。臺北市:中央研究院三民主義研究所。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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