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題名：華人自我的理論分析與實徵研究：社會取向與個人取向的觀點
書刊名：本土心理學研究
作者：楊國樞 引用關係
作者(外文)：Yang, Kuo-shu
出版日期：2004
卷期：22
頁次：頁11-80
主題關鍵詞：他人取向自我；自我評價；自我概念；自我歷程；社會取向自我；個人取向自我；家族取向自我；華人自我四元論；標準化自我量表；關係取向自我；Familistic-oriented self；Four-part theory of chinese self；Individual-oriented self；Individual-oriented self actualizer；Other-oriented self；Relationship-oriented self；Self concept；Self esteem；Self process；Social-oriented self；Social-oriented self actualizer
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(85) 博士論文(18) 專書(2) 專書論文(1)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:83
  • 共同引用共同引用:749
  • 點閱點閱:391
This paper presents a theoretical and empirical analysis of the Chinese self from an indigenized perspective. The second section examines the author's four-part theory of the Chinese self that is composed of the individual-oriented and social-oriented self, with the latter further divided into the relationship-oriented, familistic (group)-oriented, and other-oriented self. The four Chinese selves are then theoretically compared in terms of 15 major general psychological characteristics. In the third section, empirical tests of the four-part theory in the form of 13 studies on Chinese self-process, -concept, and -evaluation are elaborated. The coexistence of an individual-oriented and a social-oriented self and their differences are generally demonstrated by the results of the research on self-process. The coexistence of the four Chinese selves is consistently shown in the results of the self-concept and self-evaluation studies. The last section discusses the general implications of all the research findings for the four-part theory of the Chinese self, the directions and topics for future research in testing the theory, and the evaluation, improvement, and expansion of the research strategies and methods to be used.
期刊論文
1.Markus, Hazel Rose、Kitayama, Shinobu(1994)。A collective fear of the collective: Implication for selves and the theory of selves。Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin，20，569-579。  new window
2.楊國樞(1998)。Chinese Responses to Modernization: A Psychological Analysis。Asian Journal of Social Psychology，1，75-97。  new window
3.Triandis, H. C.(1993)。Collectivism and individualism as cultural syndromes。Cross-Cultural Research，27(3/4)，155-180。  new window
4.Heine, S. J.、Lehman, D. R.、Markus, H. R.、Kitayama, S.(1999)。Is there a universal need for positive self-regard?。Psychological Review，106(4)，766-794。  new window
5.Markus, Hazel Rose、Kitayama, Shinobu(1991)。Cultural and the Self: Implications for Cognition, Emotion, and Motivation。Psychological Review，98(2)，224-253。  new window
6.Steele, C. M.(1988)。The psychology of self-affirmation: Sustaining the integrity of the self。Advances in experimental social psychology，21，261-302。  new window
7.Tesser, A.、Cornell, D. P.(1991)。On the confluence of self processes。Journal of Experimental Social Psychology，27，501-526。  new window
8.Paulhus, D. L.、Reid, D. B.(1991)。Enhancement and denial in socially desirable responding。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，60(2)，307-317。  new window
9.Yang, Kuo-Shu(2000)。Monocultural and cross-cultural indigenous approaches: The royal road to the development of a balanced global psychology。Asian Journal of Social Psychology，3(3)，241-263。  new window
10.Tesser, A.(1988)。Toward a Self-evaluation Maintenance Model of Social Behavior。Advances in Experimental Social Psychology，21(5)，181-227。  new window
11.Diener, E.、Diener, M.(1995)。Cross-cultural Correlates of Life Satisfaction and Self-esteem。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，68(4)，653-663。  new window
12.Greenwald, A. G.、McGhee, D. E.、Schwartz, J. L. K.(1998)。Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，74(6)，1464-1480。  new window
13.Lu, L.、Gilmour, R.(2006)。Individual-oriented and social-oriented SWB: Conceptual analysis and scale development。Asian journal of social psychology，9，36-49。  new window
14.陸洛、楊國樞(20050600)。社會取向與個人取向的自我實現觀：概念分析與實徵初探。本土心理學研究，23，3-69。new window  延伸查詢new window
15.Paulhus, D. L.(1984)。Two-component models of socially desirable responding。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，46(3)，598-609。  new window
16.楊國樞(19810600)。中國人的性格與行為：形成及蛻變。中華心理學刊，23(1)，39-55。new window  延伸查詢new window
17.Higgins, E. Tory(1987)。Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect。Psychological Review，94(3)，319-340。  new window
18.Crowne, Douglas P.、Marlowe, David A.(1960)。A New Scale of Social Desirability Independent of Psychopathology。Journal of Consulting Psychology，24(4)，349-354。  new window
19.Markus, Hazel R.、Nurius, Paula(1986)。Possible Selves。American Psychologist，41(9)，954-969。  new window
20.楊國樞、陸洛(20050600)。社會取向自我實現者與個人取向自我實現者的心理特徵：概念分析與實徵衡鑑。本土心理學研究，23，71-143。new window  延伸查詢new window
21.陸洛(20031200)。人我關係之界定--「折衷自我」的現身。本土心理學研究，20，139-207。new window  延伸查詢new window
22.黃光國(19950200)。儒家價值觀的現代轉化:理論分析與實徵研究。本土心理學研究，3，276-338。new window  延伸查詢new window
23.楊國樞(19971200)。心理學研究的本土契合性及其相關問題。本土心理學研究，8，75-120。new window  延伸查詢new window
24.朱瀅、張力(2001)。自我記憶效應的實驗研究。中國科學，31(1)，1-7。  延伸查詢new window
25.Coway, M. A.、Dewhurst, S. A.(1995)。The self and recollective experience。Applied Cognitive Psychology，9，1-9。  new window
26.Dickstein, E.(1977)。Self and self-esteem: Theoretical foundation and their implications for research。Human Development，20，129-140。  new window
27.Grob, A.(1995)。Subjective well-being and significant life events across the life span。Swiss Journal of Psychology，50，3-18。  new window
28.Kashima, E. S.、Hardie, E. A.(2000)。The development and validation of the relational, individual, and collective self-aspects (RIC) scale。Asian Journal of Social Psychology，3，19-48。  new window
29.Kitayama, S.、Karasawa, M.(1997)。Implicit self-esteem in Japan: Name letters and birthday numbers。Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin，23，736-742。  new window
30.陸洛(2001)。Understanding Happiness: A Look into the Chinese Folk Psychology。Journal of Happiness Studies，2(4)，407-432。  new window
31.Waterman, A. S.(1981)。Individualism and independence。American Psychologist，7，762-773。  new window
會議論文
1.翁嘉英、楊國樞、許燕(2004)。社會取向與個人取向的自尊、概念分析與實徵測量。「華人的自我歷程、自我概念及自我評價」研討會。宜蘭縣礁溪：佛光人文社會學院心理學研究所。  延伸查詢new window
2.Yang, K. S.(2004)。Toward a theory of the Chinese self: Conceptual analysis in terms of social orientation and individual orientation。The Symposium on Chinese Self Process, Knowledge, and Evaluation。I-lan County：Department of Psychology, Fu Guang Universit。1-52。  new window
3.陸洛、楊國樞(2004)。The Emergence, Composition, and Change of the Traditional-modern Bicultural Self of People in Contemporary Chinese Societies。沒有紀錄。  new window
4.楊國樞(2003)。Beyond Maslow's Culture-Bound Linear Theory: A Preliminary Statement of the Double-Y Model of Basic Human Needs。University of Nebraska Press。  new window
研究報告
1.林以正、楊中芳(2000)。華人本土心理學研究追求卓越計畫八十九年度計畫執行報告書。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
2.林以正、楊中芳(2001)。華人本土心理學研究追求卓越計畫九十年度計畫執行報告書。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
3.孫蒨如(2000)。華人本土心理學研究追求卓越計畫八十九年度計畫執行報告書。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
4.孫蒨如(2001)。華人本土心理學研究追求卓越計畫九十年度計畫執行報告書。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
5.孫蒨如(2002)。華人本土心理學研究追求卓越計畫九十一年度計畫執行報告書。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
6.翁嘉英、楊國樞、許燕(2001)。華人本土心理學研究追求卓越計畫九十年度計畫執行報告書。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
7.陸洛(2001)。華人本土心理學研究追求卓越計畫九十年度計畫執行報告書。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
8.陸洛(2002)。華人本土心理學研究追求卓越計畫九十一年度計畫執行報告書。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
9.楊國樞、林以正(2002)。華人本土心理學研究追求卓越計畫九十一年度計畫執行報告書。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
10.楊國樞、侯玉波(2002)。華人本土心理學研究追求卓越計畫九十年度計畫執行報告書。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
11.楊國樞、程千芳(2001)。華人本土心理學研究追求卓越計畫九十年度計畫執行報告書。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.James, W.(1892)。Psychology: The Briefer Course。New York, NY：Holt, Rinehart and Winston。  new window
2.Angyal, A.(1941)。Foundations for a Science of Personality。Cambridge, MA：Harvard University Press。  new window
3.Elster, J.(1986)。The Multiple Self。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
4.費孝通(1948)。鄉土中國。香港：鳳凰出版社。  延伸查詢new window
5.Sedikides, C.、Brewer, M. B.(2001)。Individual self, relational self, collective self。Psychology Press。  new window
6.Hofstede, Geert H.(1980)。Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values。Beverly Hills, California：Sage。  new window
7.Festinger, Leon(1957)。A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance。Stanford University Press。  new window
8.Maslow, Abraham H.、Frager, Robert、Fadiman, James、McReynolds, C.(1970)。Motivation and Personality。Harper。  new window
9.Stephenson, William(1953)。The Study of Behavior: Q-Technique and Its Methodology。Chicago：The University of Chicago Press。  new window
10.Triandis, Harry Charalambos(1995)。Individualism and collectivism。Westview Press。  new window
11.Baumeister, R. F.(1997)。Identity, self-concept, and self-esteem: The self lost and found。Handbook of personality psychology。San Diego, CA。  new window
12.Wylie, R. C.(1979)。The Self-concept, Vol. 2: Theory and Research on Selected Topics。The Self-concept, Vol. 2: Theory and Research on Selected Topics。Lincoln, NE。  new window
13.楊國樞(1995)。中國人對現代化的反應：心理學的觀點。現代化與中國文化。天津。  延伸查詢new window
14.Bednar, W.、Peterson, S.(1989)。Paradoxes and Innovations in Clinical Theory and Practice。Paradoxes and Innovations in Clinical Theory and Practice。Washington, DC。  new window
15.(1999)。Enhancing Self-Esteem。Enhancing Self-Esteem。Philadelphia, PA。  new window
16.Caspary, W. R.(1987)。The concept of core-self。The Book of the Self: Person, Pretext and Process。New York, NY。  new window
17.Greenwald, A. G.、Breckler, S. J.(1985)。To whom the self is presented?。The Self and Social Life。New York, NY。  new window
18.Harter, S.(1988)。The construction and conservation of the self: James and Cooley revisited。Self, Ego, and Identity: Integrative Approaches。New York, NY。  new window
19.Josephs, L.(1992)。Character Structure and the Organization of the Self。Character Structure and the Organization of the Self。New York, NY。  new window
20.Keenan, J. M.、Bailet, S. D.(1980)。Memory for personally significant events。Attention and Performance。Hillsdale, NJ。  new window
21.Leary, M. R.、Macdonald, G.(2003)。Individual differences in self-esteem: A review and theoretical integration。Handbook of Self and Identity。New York, NY。  new window
22.Rogers, C. R.、Dymond, R. F.(1954)。Psychology and Personality Change: Coordinated Studies in the Client-Centered Approach。Psychology and Personality Change: Coordinated Studies in the Client-Centered Approach。Toronto, Canada。  new window
23.Suh, E. M.(2000)。Self, the Hyphen between Culture and Subjective Well-being。Culture and Subjective Well-Being。Cambridge, MA。  new window
24.Wylie, R.(1974)。The Self Concept: Revised Edition, Vol. 1: A Review of Methodological Considerations and Measuring Instruments。The Self Concept: Revised Edition, Vol. 1: A Review of Methodological Considerations and Measuring Instruments。Lincoln, NE。  new window
圖書論文
1.楊國樞、余安邦、葉明華(1991)。中國人的個人傳統性與現代性：概念與測量。中國人的心理與行為。臺北：桂冠。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.楊中芳(1991)。回顧港、臺「自我」研究：反省與展望。中國人．中國心--人格與社會篇。臺北市：遠流出版社。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.Yang, Kuo-Shu(1986)。Chinese personality and its change。The psychology of the Chinese people。Hong Kong：Oxford University Press。  new window
4.楊國樞(1998)。家族化歷程、泛家族主義及組織管理。海峽兩岸之組織與管理。台北：遠流出版公司。  延伸查詢new window
5.Yang, K. S.(1995)。Chinese social orientation: An integrative analysis。Chinese societies and mental health。Hong Kong：New York：Oxford University Press。  new window
6.翁嘉英、楊國樞、許燕(2003)。社會取向自尊與個人取向自尊：華人多元自尊量表之構念效度的檢證。華人本土心理學研究追求卓越計畫九十二年度計畫執行報告書。臺北：華人本土心理學研究追求卓越計畫辦公室。  延伸查詢new window
7.Rogers, C. R.(1959)。A theory of therapy, personality, and interpersonal relationships as developed in the client-centered framework。Psychology: A study of a science: Vol. III. Formulations of the person in the social context。New York：McGraw-Hill。  new window
8.楊國樞(19820000)。心理學研究的中國化：層次與方向。社會及行為科學研究的中國化。臺北：中央研究院民族學研究所。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.楊國樞(19940000)。傳統價值觀與現代價值觀能否同時並存?。中國人的價值觀 : 社會科學觀點。臺北：桂冠。new window  延伸查詢new window
10.楊國樞(1993)。中國人的社會取向：社會互動的觀點。中國人的心理--理念與方法篇。台北：桂冠圖書公司。new window  延伸查詢new window
11.楊中芳(19910000)。試論中國人的「自己」：理論與研究方向。中國人．中國心：人格與社會篇。臺北：遠流。new window  延伸查詢new window
12.Yang, K. S.(1996)。Psychological transformation of the Chinese people as a result of societal modernization。The handbook of Chinese psychology。Oxford University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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