Children in Taiwan were poor in physical fitness; also, they were overweight. Unfortunately, Taiwan government did not have explicit definition and policy for children physical fitness. Obviously, children's physical fitness had been a secret problem for pre-elementary education. Therefore, the purposes of this research were: (1) To explore physical development of the children in south-Taiwian and their physical curriculum; (2) To compare the physical development between males and females; (3) To explore the current physical fitness in different age levels. In this research, there were 148 center directors and 2163 children participated. For center directors, survey questionnaires would be used to understand the curriculum of physical education. For children, there were seven physical fitness exams would be used including height, weight, speed, strength, muscular edurance, agility, power/explosive strength, coordination, balance, and flexibility. The results showed that females as center directors were the trend. Center administrators were expected to have formal training for physical education. Usually, part-time teachers were employed in the centers. It is worth to know that there were one-fifth centers did not have physical curriculum. The results of this research also showed lack of equipment and teachers were the main barrier in physical education. Obviously, males were significant higher than females. By gender, males were better than females in power/explosive strength and coordination significantly. On the other side, females' flexibility was better than males. Finally, with the different age, children's physical fitness were different. The BMI index indicated five year old children were higher than others. Also, there was a trend children were getting weights with aging. Age can determine children's muscular endurance, agility, power/explosive strength, speed, coordination, and balance. However, 4 years old children were the best in flexibility.