:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:唐代官本的經營方式與欠利問題
書刊名:國立政治大學歷史學報
作者:羅彤華
作者(外文):Lo, Tung-hwa
出版日期:2007
卷期:28
頁次:頁189-230
主題關鍵詞:放貸官本錢利率財政捉錢TangLoanCapital moneyInterest rateFinanceInterest-catching
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(1) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:0
  • 共同引用共同引用:12
  • 點閱點閱:23
唐朝官本的經營方式主要有迴易興生與出舉取利兩種,前者在唐初用得較普遍,後者自高宗起已有後來居上之勢,但二者常是並行不悖的。各式官本設置的捉錢人數,或每位捉錢人的所捉本數,因時因情況而異。貞觀年間京司總本數不多,每人所捉本數又高,因此可能不會有太大的捉錢隊伍,然而自高宗以後,官本錢制推廣於全國各州縣,捉錢本數趨於細分化,估計唐前期全國可能就有高達百萬的捉錢人,這使得官本放貸很難再以高戶、典吏為主,勢必影響及於城郊或鄉村居民,而大量貧戶的被納入,也使官本耗損或欠負的問題嚴重起來。唐後期除了壓低每人的捉錢本數,凡捉錢人多的各官司,還置捉錢官,以管理為數龐大的捉錢人。唐代的官方利率呈波動式緩降的形勢,但整體的利率水準還是比宋代以後高很多。唐政府用放貸法籌措財源,固然產生許多弊病,卻因為不必年年編列預算,可節省稅收,所以政府總是勉力維持之。為了保證財政收入,政府對欠利的減免規定得非常嚴苛,故利率不是決定捉錢者欠利多寡的唯一要素,官府的態度才更具關鍵性。
During the Tang Dynasty, there were two main types of official loan: business transaction and loan. The former was used extensively during the early period of the Tang Dynasty, while the latter became the main stream since the time of Emperor Gao-Zong, but the 2 systems always operated separately without interference. In different types of official loan, the number of personnel in charge of interest-catching and the amount of capital money responsible for each personnel varied with time and different situations. During the Zhen-Guan period, the amount of capital money responsible by each personnel was very high, therefore, the amount of responsible personnel was not so big, but after the detailed classification of capital money catching, it was estimated that during the early Tang Dynasty, the number of personnel responsible for interest-catching could be as high as one million, this made the official loan not only available to the rich families and clerks but also extended to the people living in the countryside or township and village. The inclusion of poor families in the official loan system made the problems of bad loan more serious. During late Tang Dynasty, the amount of capital money catching for each personnel was reduced, and money-catching clerk was established if a government organization had many personnel responsible for interest-catching. The interest rate of the official loan of Tang Dynasty fluctuated with downward decreasing tendency, but generally speaking, the overall interest rate was much higher than those of Sung Dynasty and thereafter. The Tang government used official loan to collect revenue, which resulted in many shortcomings; however, the government didn't have to prepare annual budget, so as to save revenue; therefore the government still maintained the system. In order to insure financial income, the government established vigorous regulations regarding to the elimination or reduction of the delayed payment of interest by the people, therefore, interest rate was not the only critical factor regarding to interest-catching, and the attitude of the government was the critical factor.
期刊論文
1.翁俊雄(1991)。唐代的州縣等級制度。北京師範學院學報,1991(1),9-18。  延伸查詢new window
2.羅彤華(19980600)。唐代的債務保人。漢學研究,16(1)=31,59-90。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.黃向陽(199404)。關於唐宋借貸利率的計算問題。中國社會經濟史研究,1994(4)。  延伸查詢new window
4.劉秋根(1992)。唐宋高利貸資本的發展。史學月刊,1992(4)。  延伸查詢new window
5.横山裕男(1958)。唐の捉銭戸について。東洋史研究,17(2)。  延伸查詢new window
6.余欣(1997)。唐代民間借貸之利率問題--敦煌吐魯番出土借貸契券研究。敦煌研究,4。  延伸查詢new window
7.李春潤(1982)。唐代的捉錢制。中南民族學院學報,4。  延伸查詢new window
8.田名網宏(1973)。日唐雜令の出舉條文について。日本歷史,303。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.劉秋根(2000)。明清高利貸資本。北京:社會科學文獻出版社。  延伸查詢new window
2.陳國燦(2002)。敦煌學史事新證。甘肅蘭州:甘肅教育出版社。  延伸查詢new window
3.羅彤華(2005)。唐代民間借貸之研究。臺北:商務印書館。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.Yamamoto, Tatsuro、Ikeda, On(1986)。Tun-huang and Turfan Documents concerning Social and Economic History(III)。Tokyo。  new window
5.武漢大學歷史系、國家文物局古文獻研究室、新疆維吾爾自治區博物館、中國文物研究所(1981)。吐魯番出土文書。北京:文物出版社。  延伸查詢new window
6.小田義久(1984)。大谷文書集成。京都:法藏館。  延伸查詢new window
7.劉秋根(1995)。中國典當制度史。上海:上海古籍出版社。  延伸查詢new window
8.楊連陞(1952)。Money and Credit in China。Harvard University Press。  new window
9.聖祖(1996)。全唐詩。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
10.李昉(1965)。文苑英華。台北:華聯出版社。  延伸查詢new window
11.天一閣博物館、中國社會科學院歷史研究所天聖令整理課題組(2006)。天一閣藏明鈔本天聖令校正(附唐令復原研究)。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
12.徐元瑞(1970)。吏學指南。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
13.李劍農(1981)。魏晉南北朝隋唐經濟史稿。臺北:華世出版社。  延伸查詢new window
14.古怡青(2002)。唐代府兵制度興衰研究--從衛士負擔談起。台北:新文豐出版社。  延伸查詢new window
15.王立民(1993)。唐律新探。上海:上海社會科學院出版社。  延伸查詢new window
16.杜牧、陳允吉、裴延翰(1979)。樊川文集。臺北:九思出版社。  延伸查詢new window
17.竇儀、吳翊如(1984)。宋刑統。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
18.仁井田陞、池田溫(1997)。唐令拾遺補--附唐日兩令對照一覽。東京:東京大学出版会。  延伸查詢new window
19.翁俊雄(1995)。唐代人口與區域經濟。臺北:新文豐出版公司。  延伸查詢new window
20.翁俊雄(1999)。唐後期政區與人口。北京:首都師範大學出版社。  延伸查詢new window
21.陳仲安、王素漢(1993)。唐職官制度研究。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
22.王溥(1974)。唐會要。臺北:世界書局。  延伸查詢new window
23.王梵志、項楚(19911000)。王梵志詩校注。上海:上海古籍出版社。  延伸查詢new window
24.宋敏求(1972)。唐大詔令集。台北:鼎文書局。  延伸查詢new window
25.歐陽修、宋祁(1976)。新唐書。臺北:鼎文書局。  延伸查詢new window
26.劉俊文(1999)。唐代法制研究。臺北:文津出版社。  延伸查詢new window
27.洪邁(1998)。容齋隨筆。上海:上海古籍出版社。  延伸查詢new window
28.蔣禮鴻(1997)。敦煌變文字義通釋。上海:上海古籍出版社。  延伸查詢new window
29.Hanso, Valerie(1995)。Negotiating Daily Life in Traditional China--How Ordinary People Used Contracts 600-1400。Yale University Press。  new window
30.杜佑、王文錦、王永興、劉俊文、徐庭雲、謝方(1988)。通典。中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
31.仁井田陞、栗勁、霍存福、王占通、郭廷德(1989)。唐令拾遺。長春出版社。  延伸查詢new window
32.劉昫(1976)。舊唐書。臺北:鼎文書局。  延伸查詢new window
33.李林甫、陳仲夫(1992)。唐六典。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
34.日野開三郎(1982)。兩稅法と物價。日野開三郎東洋史學論集(四)唐代兩稅法の研究。東京。  延伸查詢new window
35.劉玉峰(2002)。唐代工商業形態論稿。唐代工商業形態論稿。濟南。  延伸查詢new window
36.唐耕耦(1997)。8至10世紀敦煌的物價。敦煌寺院會計文書研究。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
37.袁慧(2006)。天一閣藏明抄本官品令及其保護經過。天一閣藏明鈔本天聖令校證(附唐令復原研究)。北京。  延伸查詢new window
38.馬世長(1982)。地志中的「本」和唐代公廨本錢。敦煌吐魯番文獻研究論集。北京。  延伸查詢new window
39.陳明光(2003)。漢唐財政史論。漢唐財政史論。長沙。  延伸查詢new window
40.黃正建(2006)。天聖雜令復原唐令研究。天一閣藏明鈔本天聖令校證(附唐令復原研究)。北京。  延伸查詢new window
其他
1.(北宋)司馬光(1974)。資治通鑑,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
2.(1993)。唐律疏議,北京。  延伸查詢new window
3.(西漢)司馬遷(1986)。史記,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
4.(宋)王欽若(1972)。冊府元龜,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
5.清原夏野(1989)。令義解,東京。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.全漢昇(1996)。中國經濟史論叢。中國經濟史論叢。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
2.楊聯陞(1987)。原商賈。中國近世宗教倫理與商人精神。臺北:聯經公司。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top