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題名:民間包公戲裡展現的神話世界
書刊名:興大中文學報
作者:阿部泰記
作者(外文):Abe, Yasuki
出版日期:2008
卷期:23(增刊)
頁次:頁429-448
主題關鍵詞:包公包公戲民間戲曲民間信仰神話傳說Pau-kungPau-kung dramaFolk dramaFolk religionMythLegend
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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從元代到現代,民間包公戲跟民間故事相結合,展現著神話世界。包公審判的主要對象是:殺害無辜百姓的掌權者、偏護親屬的陰間判官、搶奪寶物殺害旅客的店主、從上界逃走搔擾人間的神怪、動植物變人奸淫主婦的妖怪、等等。民間有冤案,上天給包公啟示,讓他解決,就是「天人感應」公案。包公有神通,能傾聽死者的告狀,雪除冤枉,代替死者復仇,就是「生人判冥」公案。包公用寶物,赴往陰間,或復活死者,或處治妖怪,就是「寶物公案」。神怪的能力超出包公的神通,包公無法處治,終於神怪的主人收伏它們,就是「神怪公案」。這些神話性的公案,由包公生前「立朝剛毅」的行跡發源,後世通過文學形式傳播而來的。現代的民間包公戲,還演出這樣的神話性故事,或創造出類似的新故事。但現代社會對民間信仰不一定給予高評價,有時認為封建糟粕。由於受了這社會觀念的影響,民間戲曲的腳本不能公開刊行,只能作爲內部刊物。筆者認爲如果刪除了這些包公案的神話特徵,作品將完全沒有情節,失去精神活力了。我在此論文中正面討論這問題,請學者們指正。
The Mythical World Represented in Pau-kung Folk Dramas From Yuan era to today, the folk dramas which play the legends of Pau-kung, combining with the general folklore, show their mythical world. The most of the criminals which Pau-kung judges are: the man of power who kills the innocent people; the judge of the other world who favors his guilty relative; the landlord who robs his guest’s treasure; the divine or ghost which escapes from heaven and disturbs this world; the animals or plants which change themselves into mankind and have illicit intercourse with their master's wife; and so on. If there is false accusation in people, Heaven gives Pau-kung a revelation, and leads him to its resolution, that is to say, "Heaven sympathizes with human". Pau-kung has the magical powers, he can pay attention to the suit of the dead, and clear them of the false accusation, that is to say, "Living human judges the other world". Pau-kung has his treasures, he uses them and goes into the other world, on one occasion revives the dead, on another occasion punishes the ghosts, that is to say, "Treasure trial". The divines or ghosts have the magical powers that is stronger than Pau-kung's, and Pau-kung is helpless against them, at last they surrender themselves to their master, that is to say, "Divines ghosts trial". These mythical Pau-kung's trials are born from his fortitude conduct in the Imperial court, and spread to posterity by the literary form. Today the Pau-kung trial folk dramas are still playing these stories, or creating the similar new stories. But the present society doesn't necessarily give high evaluation to the folk religion, sometimes regards it as the feudal mud. According to this social concept, the texts of the folk play were not printed as the public printing, only printed as the inside printing. The author considers that if we take off this mythical feature, the works completely lose energy. He will debate on this question in this paper, and request the scholars to criticize his opinion.
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9.(1963)。河北戲曲傳統劇本彙編。河北戲曲傳統劇本彙編。  延伸查詢new window
10.西北師範大學古籍整理研究所、酒泉市文化館(1991)。酒泉寶卷。酒泉寶卷。蘭州。  延伸查詢new window
11.方步和(1992)。河西寶卷真本校注研究。蘭州:蘭州大學出版社。  延伸查詢new window
12.湖北省戲劇工作室(1982)。湖北地方戲曲叢刊。湖北地方戲曲叢刊。  延伸查詢new window
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15.廣西僮族自治區文化局戲曲工作室(1960)。廣西戲曲傳統劇目彙編。廣西戲曲傳統劇目彙編。南寧。  延伸查詢new window
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18.(1984)。湖北戲曲叢刊。湖北戲曲叢刊。  延伸查詢new window
其他
1.慶昇平班戲目。  延伸查詢new window
2.(元)托克托。宋史,北京。  延伸查詢new window
3.(明)安遇時。百家公案。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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