Before the Sino-Japanese War, the duty of a Baojia chief in each province was simple and pure whose task was to integrate and manage the registered permanent residence. However, during the Sino-Japanese War, the duty and nature of a Baojia chief had changed a lot. In this study, we will take the province of Sichuan as example and discuss the content of the change. After entering the province of Sichuan in 1935, the civil government not only established the provincial government but also regulated the implementation of Baojia system in order to exterminate the communist troops. The Sino-Japanese War broke out in 1937, and the civil government made many efforts to mobilize the people for the purpose of meeting the need of war. Therefore, the role and work of a Baojia chief had changed very much. The self-defense corps within the Baojia system were included in the national military system, therefore, all Baojia chiefs started working on the complicated administrative tasks, such as recruiting, gathering workers, levying grains, and so on. The change of those duties actually made Baojia chiefs had become the executives and basic administrators of the central government orders. With the extension of the power, the bad reputation of a Baojia chief became more obvious than before in the civil society. Moreover, after the war, especially after 1946, because the bad relationship between the KMT and the Communist Party and the civil war broke out, the civil government was still eager for the need from the people. Thus, the task and duty of a Baojia chief were still as complicated as before.