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題名：團隊成員個體外顯特徵與內隱變項對知識創新之影響--知識網絡結構洞的中介效果
書刊名：華人前瞻研究
作者：任慶宗／方顯光 引用關係／馮先覺
作者(外文)：Jen, Ching-tsung／Fang, Hsien-kuang／Feng, Hsien-chueh
出版日期：2009
卷期：5:2
頁次：頁73-94
主題關鍵詞：知識網絡；社會資本；結構洞；知識創新；Knowledge network；Social capital；Structural holes；Knowledge innovation
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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本研究試圖建構知識網絡結構洞的實證理論模式，分別從個體層次的外顯特徵與內隱變項，探討知識網絡結構洞受到的影響，以及知識網絡結構洞對知識創新的衝擊。在此，本研究以人口統計變項操作個人層次的外顯特徵，並推論個體層次人口變項異質性愈高的團隊成員，較易取得知識網絡結構洞的有利位置。另外，在內隱變項方面，本研究為用社會資本的交換遑論觀點，推論擁有較佳社會資本的團隊成員，較易取得知識網絡結構洞的有利位置；除前置變項外，亦推論擁有較佳知識網絡結構洞的國隊成員，知識創新的績效會優於知識網絡結構洞較弱的團隊成員。 實證樣本條以圍內某研發機構的22個單位成員為對象，由於獲得研究機構為階主管之支持與協助，因此克服了社會網絡分析方法過程中最困難的署名問卷及關餘性客觀資料蒐集，為一完整知識創新之實證調查研究。問卷發放645份問卷，回收457份，回收率達89.25%，扣除無效問卷12份，總計回收完整問卷445份。 研究結果顯示：個人外顯特徵對知識網絡結構洞並未如本研究的假說推論，亦即，團隊成員個體人口變項的異質程度並未對知識網絡結構洞形成較佳的有利位置。其次，個人內隱變項對知識網絡結構洞的影響推論，則是獲得支持。亦即，團隊成員個體位居社會資本核心程度愈高，則愈容易取得知識網絡結構洞有利位置。最後，有關知識網絡結構洞與知識創新的推論假說亦未獲得實證資料的支持，此結果與過去文獻對於網絡結構洞的推論有相當出入，本研究認為與研究樣本屬於單一封閉型組織有相當程度之關連性。本研究條透過大型組織的網絡分析調查研究，研究取向方面有其一定的難度與創新。此外，本研究結合網絡結構洞與知識管理的議題，對長知識創新與網絡理論的相關論述提供較具體的佐證資料，結果亦可提供學術理論與管理實務方面參考。
This study attempted to probe into the connection of the individual's diversity and social capital for position in structural holes of knowledge network for knowledge innovation with individual level and network centrality. We surveyed the subjects 22 units and 445 employees from a famous R & D institution in Taiwan. With the support and cooperation from the institution, we overcome the difficulty of data collection resulting from the relational-type scale questionnaire. It is completely empirical study. We have made use of the "Structural holes" theory to prove for the connection of the individual's diversity and social capital for position in Structural holes and for knowledge innovation. The results announce that the more individual has much centrality in the emotional, the trust and the cognition social network, of social capital, the more he acquires easily the position of structural holes of knowledge network.
期刊論文
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2.Augier, M.、Vendelo, M. T.(1999)。Networks, Cognition and Management of Tacit Knowledge。Journal of Knowledge Management，3(4)，252-261。  new window
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8.Reagans, Ray、Zuckerman, Ezra W.(2001)。Networks, Diversity, and Productivity: The Social Capital of Corporate R&D Teams。Organization Science，12(4)，502-517。  new window
9.Riordan, C. M.(2000)。Relational Demography within Groups: Past Developments, Contradictions, and New Directions。Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management，19，131-173。  new window
10.Cross, Rob、Parker, A.、Prusak, L.、Borgatti, S. P.(2001)。Knowing What We Know: Supporting Knowledge Creation and Sharing in Social Networks。Organizational Dynamics，30(2)，100-120。  new window
11.Tichy, N. M.、Tushman, M. L.、Fombrun, C.(1979)。Social network analysis for orgnanizations。Academy of Management Review，4(4)，507-519。  new window
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13.Berman, Shawnl L.、Down, Jonathan、Hill, Charles W. L.(2002)。Tacit Knowledge as a Source of Competitive Advantage in the National Basketball Association。Academy of Management Journal，45(1)，13-31。  new window
14.Ibarra, H.(1993)。Network centrality, power, and innovation involvement: Determinants of technical and administrative roles。Academy of Management Journal，36(3)，471-501。  new window
15.Cross, Rob、Borgatti, S. P.、Parker, A.(2002)。Making Invisible Work Visible: Using Social Network Analysis to Support Strategic Collaboration。California Management Review，44(2)，25-46。  new window
16.Tsui, A. S.、Egan, T. D.、O'Reilly III, Charles A.(1992)。Being Different: Relational Demography and Organizational Attachment。Administrative Science Quarterly，37(4)，549-579。  new window
17.Paxton, P.(1999)。Is Social Capital Declining in the United States? A Multiple Indicator Assessment。American Journal of Sociology，105(1)，88-127。  new window
18.Miller, Danny、Shamsie, Jamal(1996)。The Resource-Based View of the Firm in Two Environments: The Hollywood Film Studios from 1936 to 1965。Academy of Management Journal，39(3)，519-543。  new window
19.方世杰、方世榮(20000900)。知識管理--觀念架構的建立。商管科技季刊，1(3)，355-374。new window  延伸查詢new window
20.Lin, Nan、Ensel, Walter M.、Vaughn, John C.(1981)。Social Resources and Strength of Ties: Structural Factors in Occupational Status Attainment。American Sociological Review，46(4)，393-405。  new window
21.Hansen, M. T.(2002)。Knowledge Networks: Explaining Effective Knowledge Sharing in Multiunit Companies。Organization Science，13(3)，232-248。  new window
22.Tsai, W.、Ghoshal, S.(1998)。Social capital and value creation: The role of intrafirm network。Academy of Management Journal，41(4)，464-476。  new window
23.Tsui, A. S.、O'Reilly, Charles A. III(1989)。Beyond Simple Demographic Effects: The Importance of Relational Demography in Superior-subordinate Dyads。Academy of Management Journal，32(2)，402-423。  new window
24.Nonaka, Ikujiro、Toyama, Ryoko、Konno, Noboru(2000)。SECI, Ba and Leadership: A Unified Model of Dynamic Knowledge Creation。Long Range Planning，33(1)，5-34。  new window
25.De Long, D. W.、Fahey, L.(2000)。Diagnosing culture barriers to knowledge management。The Academy of Management Executive，14(4)，113-127。  new window
26.傅仰止(20020600)。個人網絡中他人聯繫強度的結構原理。臺灣社會學，3，163-209。new window  延伸查詢new window
27.Nonaka, Ikujiro(1994)。A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation。Organization Science，5(1)，14-37。  new window
28.Pelled, Lisa Hope(1996)。Demographic Diversity, Conflict, and Work Group Outcomes: An Intervening Process Theory。Organization Science，7(6)，615-631。  new window
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30.Scott, Susanne G.、Bruce, Reginald A.(1994)。Determinants of Innovative Behavior: A Path Model of Individual Innovation in the Workplace。Academy of Management Journal，37(3)，580-607。  new window
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32.Adler, Paul S.、Kwon, Seok-Woo(2002)。Social Capital: Prospects for A New Concept。The Academy of Management Review，27(1)，17-40。  new window
33.Nahapiet, Janine、Ghoshal, Sumantra(1998)。Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage。The Academy of Management Review，23(2)，242-266。  new window
34.周麗芳(20021200)。華人組織中的關係與社會網絡。本土心理學研究，18，175-227。new window  延伸查詢new window
35.林南(20010000)。社會資本：爭鳴的範式和實證的檢驗。香港社會學學報，2，1-38。  延伸查詢new window
36.邊燕杰(20030600)。評：林南(Lin, Nan), Social Capital: A Theory of Social Structure and Action (Cambridge, UK ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2001)。臺灣社會學，5，257-261。new window  new window
37.Granovetter, Mark S.(1973)。The Strength of Weak Ties。American Journal of Sociology，78(6)，1360-1380。  new window
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會議論文
1.羅家德、葉冠伶、輝偉昇(2003)。從社會網絡的觀點看組織的知識管理--以組織團隊的角度分析。2003電子商務與數位生活研討會，實踐大學資訊管理學系 。臺北：實踐大學資訊管理學系。2005-2023。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.朱慶忠(2003)。社會關係網絡對組織公民行為影響之探討(碩士論文)。元智大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.張绅震(2002)。資訊化組織與科層組織社會資本形成因素之比較(碩士論文)。元智大學。  延伸查詢new window
3.黃吉村(2003)。研發團隊成員之內隱知的流動與績效(博士論文)。國立成功大學。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.劉士銘(2005)。社會網絡、社會資本與知識創新關聯性之探討－網絡中心性與對偶互動觀點(碩士論文)。國防管理學院。  延伸查詢new window
5.輝偉昇(2003)。從社會資本角度看對知識部門及團隊學習效能之影響(碩士論文)。元智大學。  延伸查詢new window
6.楊逸民(2000)。資訊化組織員工人際關係網絡對工作滿足與組織承諾的影響--與科層式組織之比較(碩士論文)。元智大學。  延伸查詢new window
7.方祥明(2004)。團隊成員個人知識轉換能力與外部關係資源對創造表現行為之影響--以網絡中心性為中介變數(博士論文)。雲林科技大學，雲林縣。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.任慶宗(2003)。集團企業子公司之綜效利益與彈性限制--網絡觀點(博士論文)。國立政治大學。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.邱議德(2003)。以社會網路分析法評估工作團隊知識創造與分享(碩士論文)。國立中正大學，嘉義。  延伸查詢new window
10.陳榮德(2004)。組織內部社會網絡的形成與影響：社會資本觀點(博士論文)。國立中山大學。new window  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.王如哲(2001)。知識管理的理論與運用。台北：五南出版社。  延伸查詢new window
2.許士軍、瞿乃明(2000)。企管大師報到序文。台北：時報出版社。  延伸查詢new window
3.Probst, G.、Raub, S.、Romhardt, K.(2002)。Managing Knowledge: Building Blocks for Success。New York：John Wiley and Sons。  new window
4.羅家德(2003)。企業關係管理。臺北市：聯經。  延伸查詢new window
5.Huseman, R. C.、Goodman, J. P.(1999)。Leading with Knowledge: The Nature of Competition in the 21st Century。Sage。  new window
6.張吉成、周談輝(2004)。知識管理與創新。臺北市：全華科技圖書。  延伸查詢new window
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8.Hair, J. F.、Anderson, R. E.、Tatham, R. L.、Black, W. C.(1995)。Multivariate data analysis with readings。Upper Saddler River, NJ：Prentice-Hall。  new window
9.Polanyi, Michael(1967)。The Tacit Dimension。New York：M. E. Sharp Inc.。  new window
10.McLean, Scott L.、Schultz, David A.、Steger, Manfred B.(2002)。Social Capital Critical Perspectives on Community and "Bowling Alone"。New York：New York University Press。  new window
11.Hanneman, R. A.、Riddle, M.(2005)。Introduction to Social Network Methods。Riverside, California：University of California, Riverside。  new window
12.林東清、Probst, Gilbert、Raub, Steffen、Romhardt, Kai(2003)。知識管理。臺北：智勝文化事業有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
13.Gates, Bill、樂為良(1999)。數位神經系統--與思想等快的明日世界。臺北：商業周刊。  延伸查詢new window
14.Burt, Ronald S.(1992)。Structural Holes. Cambridge。Cambridge, MA：Harvard University Press。  new window
15.Bourdieu, Pierre、Nice, Richard(1977)。Outline of a Theory of Practice。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
16.Kilduff, Martin、Tsai, Wenpin(2003)。Social networks and organizations。Sage Publications。  new window
17.Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(1996)。The Knowledge-based Economy。Paris：Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development。  new window
18.林南(2001)。Social Capital: A Theory of Social Structure and Action。Cambridge University Press。  new window
19.王保進(1999)。視窗版SPSS與行為科學研究。臺北：心理出版社。  延伸查詢new window
20.吳思華(20000000)。策略九說：策略思考的本質。臺北：臉譜。new window  延伸查詢new window
21.Putnam, Robert D.、Leonardi, Robert、Nanetti, Raffaella Y.(1993)。Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy。Princeton University Press。  new window
22.Borgatti, Stephen P.、Everett, Martin G.、Freeman, Linton C.(2002)。UCINET for windows: Software for social network analysis。Analytic Technologies。  new window
23.Coleman, James Samuel(1990)。Foundations of social Theory。Belknap Press of Harvard University Press。  new window
24.Davenport, Thomas H.、Prusak, Laurence(1998)。Working Knowledge: How Organizations Manage What They Know。Harvard Business School Press。  new window
25.Dixon, Nancy M.(2000)。Common Knowledge: How Companies Thrive by Sharing What They Know。Boston, MA：Harvard Business School Press。  new window
其他
1.黃毅志(20021200)。書評：林南的「社會資本」理論對於臺灣教育社會學研究之啟發。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.MacGillivray, A.、Walker, P.(2000)。Local social capital: Making it work on the ground。Social capital: Critical perspectives。Oxford University Press。  new window
2.Van Der Spek, Rob、Spijkerver, Andr'e(1997)。Knowledge management and its integrative elements。Knowledge Management and Its Integrative Elements。New York：CRC Press。  new window
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5.熊瑞梅(1995)。社會網絡的資料蒐集、測量及分析。社會調查與分析：社會科學研究方法檢討與前瞻之一。中央研究院民族學研究所。  延伸查詢new window
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