本篇文章主要針對Carl Schmitt的政治性概念進行討論，希望藉由著Leo Strauss與Heinrich Meier釐清幾個基本問題。第一、政治性概念的反自由主義傾向，與觀念發展與變遷。第二、探討政治性判準－敵友之分的特色以及功能。本文分別整理出三個特性：獨立性、具體情境與生存意義、群體性。就獨立性而言，我們必須注意1927與1932年的政治性概念已有所差異，Schmitt要主張的可能是作為根本的政治性；就具體情境與生存意義而言，本文認為這是政治性的重要基礎，而Schmitt提出這個特性顯明出當代政治所具有的根本破裂與不穩定；最後，在群體性方面，本文運用Leo Strauss的研究說明Schmitt的政治性有別於Hobbes所提出的自然狀態，這可從兩方面討論：Schmitt的政治性狀態是具有群體性特徵，其次這種政治性狀態可在人類歷史中一再被找尋。

This article focuses on the concept of the political offered by Carl Schmitt. There are two main purposes in this article. The first one is to explain the tendency of anti-liberalism in the concept of the political by using the studies developed by Heinrich Meier and Leo Strauss. The second one is to explain the main characters in the concept of the political. There are three characters we are interested in, which are the independence, the concrete situation and the existential meaning, and the collectivity. Each of the character gives the concept of the political some specific problems, including the problem of autonomy, of the stability, and of the difference from the state of nature compared to Hobbes’s theory. This article hopes to elucidate those problems.