In the fifty-four years before it lost power for a second time in 2009, the LDP president normally also served as prime minister and dominated Japanese politics, regardless of whether the LDP was in power alone or as part of a coalition government. The only exceptions were the cabinets of Morihiro, Tsutomu and Tomiichi (a total period of two years and three months). Since the LDP dominated the machinery of government, the president had control over both government resources as well as the party. LDP factions were formed with the purpose of winning the position of president. LDP politics was defined by conflict and cooperation between different factions as each group sought to maximize its own advantages. In previous research, the LDP presidential election, as a dependent variable, is highly connected with conflict and cooperation between factions. However, this article argues that factional politics is not a variable which explains the LDP presidential election, but rather is a product of the current electoral system. It also argues that the rise and fall of factions has a strong relationship with the outcome of presidential elections. From observation of three important phrases of the LDP presidential election—the first presidential election, the adoption of presidential primary election and the presidential elections after the 87th session—this article analyzes the formation, growth and decline of factions within the LDP, and tries to provide a new perspective on factional politics within the party.