In the year 1948, the Chinese Civil War between the Kuomintang (KMT) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) entered its third year. At the CCP Politburo meeting in Xihopo from September 8th to 13th, 1948, Chairman Mao Zedong announced that he was going to completely defeat the KMT within five years. The five years Mao referred to began in July 1946, meaning that there were two years left at that time. After the Communists' capture of the cities of Jinan and of Jinzhou in September and in October, 1948 respectively, Mao declared that it would take only a year for the CCP to overthrow the KMT rule. His judgment could be considered accurate indeed. To calm the public, Chiang Kai-Shek asserted in his New Year's Announcement that, "In a year, the main armed force of the Communists will be taken over. As for the remnants of the CCP all over the country, it will require another one or two years to root out." However, the loss of Jinan and Jinzhou severely undermined people's confidence in Chiang socially, politically and economically, as well as in terms of foreign diplomacy. Towards the end of 1948, in a telegram sent from Hankou, General Bai Chongxi, the Central China Pacification Director, urged Chiang to hold peace talks with the Communists and suggested that Chiang ought to step down from his current position. Such a demand quickly spread. On December 31st, 1948, Chiang called a meeting of leading KNIT members. When Chiang expressed his desire to retire, some of the members wept, and some were choked with tears. The downfall was overall-militarily, politically, economically, and socially. This paper, entitled "the Age of Collapse", aims to explore the catastrophic situations of the KMT in 1948. After eight years of the War against Japan, the country lost its strength and wealth, and people were weary of war. Taking advantage of this mindset among the general public, the CCP called for peace while preparing for war. The KMT on the contrary fought the war in order to reach peace. The exhausted KMT army was defeated in the major campaigns of Liaoshen, Huaihai, Pingjin, etc. With financial crisis and deflation, the situation of the KMT further deteriorated. Chiang Kai-Shek became a target of public criticism, at first by the Commmunists and eventually by his KMT comrades. Mao's goal to overthrow the power of Chiang and of the KMT was then close at hand.