本文乃透過田野調查與訪談，了解儒教在雲南的發展狀況。 就孔子的形象而言，雲南地區的孔子出現了兩種樣貌。一為孔廟中象徵政治權力的孔子；一為民間信仰中，作為保護神的孔子。孔廟中的孔子雖有政治力庇護，但卻與民間存在著不可跨越的鴻溝；民間信仰中的孔子，則以其保護神的身分，護佑的所有讀書人，故為當地居民所信奉與倚賴。 在中國經濟蓬勃發展之後，許多經商有成的商人，自覺地認為，經濟與物質絕非根本，唯有傳統的道德倫理，才能讓整體社會朝向良性的發展。一本回饋鄉理的情懷，他們投入復興傳統文化的行列，選擇以興辦書院的形式，弘揚儒教的人倫道德。蒼麓書院與蒼海書院即是在此一信念中興辦而成，民眾的自覺力，成了儒教復興之強大的隱形力量。 臺灣的兒童讀經班也在這幾年悄然地在雲南生根發芽。源於臺灣成功的經驗與受到臺灣的影響，民間團體也在雲南推動兒童讀經班，希冀透過讀經班，重建倫理社會，回歸傳統的美德。 儒教在雲南的發展，最主要乃在民間自覺的力量。民間社會的自覺力，使得儒家建構人倫社會的信念，得以透過再生產的文化權力，遍地開花；民眾的行動力，使得孔子的樣貌，不再是孔廟中冰冷的面孔，而是以保護神的面孔，溫養庇佑所有的庶民百姓，孔子雖被神明化，卻與百姓們的生活緊緊相繫，信仰的形式雖說是世俗的，然其內心對孔子的信任卻是神聖的。信仰與信念的文化呼喚，讓華人社會服膺於儒教的理念之中。

The study is to understand the situation and development of Confucianism in Yunan of China by field study and interview. There are two images of Confucius in Yunan, one is the symbol of political power in Confucius Temple, the other one is a God to protect students in popular religions. Even the first one having the political power, but that “Confucius” is not close to civil people. The other “Confucius” in popular religions who is a protector, this “Confucius” is relied by civil people. Some successful businessmen understand the wealth is not essential and permanent. The constant way is to follow traditional moral principles. They hope to requite their homeland by reviving traditional culture, especially Confucianism. They built academies to develop the concepts of Confucianism. Cang Lu and Cang Hi Academies are built on the ideas. The power based on people self-conscious actions becomes a great energy to revive Confucianism. Base on the successful experience of Taiwanese reciting canons, the Children Reciting Canons is also developed in Yunan. They hoped to revive Confucianism and recover the traditionally moral principles by the Children Reciting Canons. According to the field study, we found the main energy to develop Confucianism depended on popular society. The popular society self-consciously rebuilt the traditional principles. The action and practice of popular society made Confucius’ image to be the God to protect everyone. Even Confucius became the God, he connected the life of popular society closely. The faith form is secular, but people relying on Confucius is sacred. The calling of faith and believe made Chinese society is convinced by Confucianism.