運動影響人體免疫功能變化的可能因素包括運動型態、受試者年齡與體能狀況等，甚至於性別也可能會造成影響。由於雌激素是重要的女性激素之一，其主要負責女性的生殖功能，而雌激素可透過雌激素受器的基因作用，影響細胞核內訊息RNA以及蛋白質的合成與表現，亦可藉由非基因作用，產生不同的訊息傳遞路徑而影響細胞反應。近期研究也證實人體免疫細胞中的T淋巴細胞、巨噬細胞具有雌激素受體，因此，雌激素將可能透過此一機制影響免疫系統之運作。經由綜合多篇文獻後發現，女性體內免疫反應可能偏向分泌T（subscript h）2的免疫反應，而雖然在黄體期運動前的淋巴球數目可能顯著高於濾泡期，但不同月經週期運動前後白血球總數、嗜中性球數目及淋巴球數目的變化情形卻是相類似的，不過，月經週期確實也會改變女性體內抗炎基因與促炎基因的表現。由於實驗設計等諸多因素的不同，可能造成不同的結果反應，因此，未來仍有必要進一步去加以探討。

The possible factors of the variation of human immune function impact by exercise include the types of exercise, subjects' age and subjects' fitness, even the sexuality can be the effect. owing to the estrogen is one of the important female hormones, it is in charge of females' reproductive function, and it can affect the intracellular mRNA and protein synthesization or expression. Also, estrogen can affects cell reactions from different messages pathways through non-genetic functions. In recent research of immune system established that the T cells and Macrophages of human immunocytes have the receptors of estrogen, for this reason, estrogen might influence the functions of immune system. Females might be partial to the type two immune responses via integrating a certain number of articles, notwithstanding the lymphocyte counts in luteal phase pre-exercise were higher than in the follicular phase pre-exercise, but in different menstrual cycle, total leukocyte counts, lymphocyte counts and neutrophil counts were similar between pre-exercise and post-exercise. For all that, menstrual cycle certain shift females' anti- inflammation responses. As results of many different factors such as designs of experiment, may bring out different effects. Consequently, it will be more essential to investigate in the future.