自身意識理論是近代以降哲學的基本問題。以亨利希為代表的海德堡學派和圖根特哈特都對傳統自身意識理論進行了批評性反省，並揭顯出傳統理論反思模式的循環困境。為避免這一困境，他們各自提出了替代性方案，但它們各有利弊。早於海德堡學派和圖根特哈特，傳統自身意識理論的基本主題在胡塞爾現象學中就已得到專門而細緻的關注。胡塞爾借助於對「原意識」和「反思」的區分，在兩個不同的維度上探究了傳統自身意識的核心問題。通過對原意識和反思之間奠基關係的釐清，胡塞爾現象學發展了一種新型的、不同於圖根特哈特語義學進路的自身意識理論的「反思模式」，它既有效避免了傳統理論的循環困境，同時又沒有窄化傳統理論的問題域。

The theory of self-consciousness is an essential problem of philosophy since the modern times. Both Heidelberg School represented by D. Henrich and E. Tugendhat critically reflected on the traditional theory of self-consciousness, and revealed the circular dilemma of ＂the mode of reflection＂ of the traditional theory. In order to avoid the dilemma, they respectively posed the substitute formulas, whereas each of them has its advantages and disadvantages. Husserl had paid special and particular attention on the essential theme of the traditional theory of self-consciousness in his phenomenology, much earlier than Heidelberg School and Tugendhat did. By the distinction of ＂primal consciousness＂ and ＂reflection＂, Husserl explored the core problem of the traditional theory of self-consciousness in two different dimensions. Through the clarification of the founding relation of primal consciousness and reflection, the phenomenology of Husserl developed a new ＂reflection mode＂ of the theory of self-consciousness, different from the semantic approach of Tugendhat, which effectively avoids the circular dilemma of the traditional theory and does not narrow the problem domain of the traditional theory.