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來源文獻資料
摘要
外文摘要
引文資料
題名:
國際投資保障條約下投資人對地主國仲裁費用問題
書刊名:
問題與研究
作者:
高啓中
作者(外文):
Kao, Chi-chung
出版日期:
2014
卷期:
53:4
頁次:
頁85-115
主題關鍵詞:
解決國家與他國國民間投資爭端公約
;
國際投資爭端解決中心
;
國際投資條約
;
投資人對地主國仲裁
;
ICSID convention
;
ICSID
;
International investment treaty
;
Investor-state arbitration
;
Diplomatic protection
原始連結:
連回原系統網址
相關次數:
被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
排除自我引用:0
共同引用:0
點閱:91
1965 年「解決國家與他國國民間投資爭端公約」創設國際投資爭端解決中心,建立以仲裁程序為主的投資人對地主國爭端解決機制,投資人無須仰賴母國行使外交保護權,得遂行投資人對地主國仲裁以落實國際投資條約之實體保障。惟對跨國投資之中小企業而言,鉅額仲裁費用形成仲裁利用途徑之障礙,不但妨礙中小企業投資保障實體權益之落實,更可能衝擊國際投資爭端解決機制去政治化之發展。國際投資仲裁程序費用,如仲裁機構規費,仲裁庭費用與法律服務費用,動輒達百萬美元以上。中小企業可能無力承擔而放棄仲裁。本文提出減輕仲裁費用負擔之建議方案,包括:仲裁機構規費採差別費率,對中小企業降低收費;涉及中小企業之仲裁案件,當事人選任單一仲裁人以減少仲裁庭費用;仿效世界貿易組織法律顧問中心、設置國際投資法律扶助機構,對中小企業提供免費法律意見諮詢與爭端程序代理;尋求第三方資助仲裁費用等。本文主張,選任單一仲裁人與建立國際投資法律扶助機構最能減輕仲裁費用負擔。建議政府於後續國際投資條約談判過程引入此等措施,以保障中小企業對投資仲裁利用途徑,確保其等實體投資權益之落實。
以文找文
The 1965 Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States (ICSID Convention) established the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) and affirmed the use of international arbitration as primary means for resolving disputes between foreign investors and host states. An aggrieved foreign investor no longer needs to rely upon its home state to invoke diplomatic protection once local remedies are exhausted in the host state, but could proceed with investor-state arbitration to seek implementation of substantive protection under a specific international investment treaty. However, for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) involved in international investment, a huge amount of arbitration costs creates a practical barrier to their access to arbitration. Such impediment might not only frustrate the protection of investor’s substantive interests, but also endanger the depoliticization of investment dispute resolution. Costs generated in investorstate arbitration, such as administrative fees, tribunal’s fees and expenses, and lawyer’s fees, could easily exceed millions of US dollars. SMEs are likely to forego arbitration due to lack of funding. This article proposes solutions reducing arbitration costs, including lowering administrative charge rate for SMEs, appointing sole arbitrator, establishing pro bono legal assistant institution in the field of international investment law and dispute settlement procedures, and securing third party funding. Among them, the appointment of a single arbitrator and the creation of a legal clinic for international investment law seem to be the most effective answer. This article recommends that our government consider incorporating such measures into future negotiation of international investment treaties, in order to protect SMEs’ access to investor-state arbitration and ensure the fulfillment of their substantive interests.
以文找文
期刊論文
1.
Franck, Susan D.(2011)。Rationalizing Costs in Investment Treaty Arbitration。Washington University Law Review,88(4),769-852。
2.
Franck, Susan D.(2007)。Empirically Evaluating Claims about Investment Treaty Arbitration。North Carolina Law Review,86,1-88。
3.
Gottwald, Eric(2007)。Leveling the Playing Field: Is it Time for a Legal Assistance Center for Developing Nations in Investment Treaty Arbitration?。American University International Law Review,22(2),237-275。
4.
Markert, Lars(20111100)。Improving Efficiency in Investment Arbitration。Contemporary Asia Arbitration Journal,4(2),215-246。
5.
Riesenberg, David P.(2011)。Fee Shifting in Investor-State Arbitration: Doctrine and Policy Justifying Application of the English Rule。Duke Law Journal,60(4),977-1013。
6.
Schreuer, Christoph(2004)。Traveling the BIT Route: Of Waiting Periods, Umbrella Clauses, and Forks in the Road。Journal of World Investment & Trade,5(2),231-256。
7.
Shihata, Ibrahim F. I.(1986)。Towards a Greater Depoliticization of Investment Disputes: The Roles of ICSID and MIGA。ICSID Review-Foreign Investment Law Journal,1(1),1-25。
8.
Sinclair, Anthony(2009)。ICSID Arbitration:How Long Does It Take。Global Arbitration Review,4(5),18。
9.
Smith, David(2011)。Shifting Sands:Cost-and-Fee Allocation in International Investment Arbitration。Virginia Journal of International Law,51(3),749-784。
10.
Trakman, Leon E.(2012)。The ICSID Under Siege。Cornell International Law Journal,45,603-665。
11.
Wilske, Stephan(20121100)。Collective Action in Investment Arbitration to Enforce Small Claims-Justice to the Deprived or Death Knell for the System of Investor-State Arbitration?。Contemporary Asia Arbitration Journal,5(2),165-203。
12.
Wilske, Stephan(20111100)。Protection of Taiwanese Investors under Third Party Bilateral Investment Treaties?--Ways, Means and Limits of "Treaty Shopping"。Contemporary Asia Arbitration Journal,4(2),145-177。
會議論文
1.
Fujita, Masataka(2007)。FDI by SMEs in Global Context: Implications for ASEAN。The ASEAN-Japan Seminar on FDI:Sharing Japanese SMEs Dynamism in ASEAN's Integration。Tokyo。28-29。
圖書
1.
Born, Gary B.(2012)。International Arbitration: Law and Practice。Netherlands:Wolters Kluwer。
2.
Bom, Gary B.(2009)。International Commercial Arbitration。Netherlands:Kluwer Law International。
3.
Dolzer, Rudolf(2008)。Principles of International Investment Law。Oxford:Oxford University Press。
4.
Dugan, Christopher F.(2008)。Investor-State Arbitration。Oxford:Oxford University Press。
5.
ICSID(2013)。Members of the Panels of Conciliators and of Arbitrators。Washington, D.C.:ICSID。
6.
OECD(2004)。SME Statistics: Towards More Systematic Statistical Measurement of SME Behavior。Paris:OECD。
7.
Reed, Lucy(2011)。Guide to ICSID Arbitration。Netherlands:Wolters Kluwer。
8.
Shaw, Malcolm N.(2010)。International Law。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。
9.
UNCTAD(20120416)。International Investment Agreement Issues Note No. 1: Latest Developments in Investor-State Dispute。
10.
Settlement(20050114)。Geneva: UNCTADUNCTAD--Issues Related to International Arrangements: Investor-State Disputes and Policy Implications。Geneva:UNCTAD。
11.
UNCTAD(20041129)。Occasional Note: International Investment Disputes on the Rise。Geneva:UNCTAD。
12.
Vandevelde, Kenneth J.(2010)。Bilateral Investment Treaties。Oxford:Oxford University Press。
13.
Blackaby, Nigel、Partasides, Constantine、Redfern, Alan、Hunter, Martin(2009)。Redfern and Hunter on International Arbitration。Oxford:Oxford University Press。
14.
Schreuer, Christoph H.(2009)。The ICSID Convention: A Commentary。Cambridge University Press。
15.
丘宏達(2010)。現代國際法。台北:三民。
延伸查詢
其他
1.
ACWL。Agreement Establishing the Advisory Centreon WTO Law,http://www.acwl.ch/е/documents/agreement—establishing.pdf, 2014/03/15。
2.
ACWL。Agreement Establishing the Advisory Centre on WTO Law, Annex II: Minimum Contribution of Developing Country Members and Members with An Economy in Transition,http://www.acwl.ch/e/documents/Annex_II.pdf., 2014/03/15。
3.
ACWL。Organizational Structure, Financial Matters,http://www.acwl.ch/e/about/org_structure.html, 2014/03/15。
4.
ACWL。Organizational Structure, Institutional Matters,http://www.acwl.ch/e/about/orgstructure.html, 2014/03/15。
5.
ACWL(2012)。Report on Operations,http://www.acwl.ch/e/documents/reports/0per_2012.pdf。
6.
ACWL。Training,http://www.acwl.ch/e/training/training.html, 2013/08/15。
7.
AILA。Our Mission,http://www.aila.org.Uk/#/oiir-missi.on/4565008787, 2013/08/15。
8.
AILA。Pro Bono Legal Advice,http://www.aila.org.Uk/#/pro-bono-legal-advice/4567022418, 2014/03/25。
9.
Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States,https://icsid.worldbank.org/ICSID/StaticFiles/。
10.
ASEAN-Japan Centre。Tokyo, co-organized by UNCTAD and ASEAN Secretariat,http://old.asean.or.jp/invest/archive/speech/fy07%20JAIF%20Seminar/05Mr.Fujita(UNCTAD)Final.pdf, 2013/08/15。
11.
ICJ。Statute of the International Court of Justice,http://www.icj-cij.org/documents/?p1=4&p2=2&p3=0#CHAPTERII, 2013/08/15。
12.
ICSID。Arbitration rules,https://icsid.worldbank.org/ICSID/StaticFiles/basicdoc/partF.htm, 2013/08/15。
13.
ICSID。Administrative and Financial Regulations,https://icsid.worldbank.org/ICSID/StaticFiles/basicdoc/partC.htm, 2013/08/15。
14.
ICSID。How to File a Request,https://icsid.worldbank.org/ICSID/FrontServlet?requestType=CasesRH&actionVal=HowToFileReq, 2013/08/15。
15.
ICSID(20130101)。Schedule of Fees,https://icsid.worldbank.org/ICSID/FrontServlet?requestType=ICSIDDocRH&actionVal=ShowDocument&ScheduledFees=True«feyear=2013&language=English, 2013/08/15。
16.
ILC。Draft Articles on Diplomatic Protection,http://untreaty.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/draft%20articles/9_8_2006.pdf, 2013/08/15。
17.
UNCITRAL(1998)。Model Law on Electronic Commerce (with additional Article 5 bis as adopted in 1998),http://www.uncitral.org/pdf/english/texts/electcom/05-89450。
圖書論文
1.
Caplan, Lee M.(2009)。Making Investor-State Arbitration More Accessible to Small and Medium- Sized Enterprises。The Future of Investment Arbitration。Oxford:Oxford University Press。
2.
ICC Commission on Arbitration(2012)。Techniques for Controlling Time and Costs in Arbitration。ICC Publication。Paris:ICC。
3.
ICC Commission on Arbitration(2007)。Techniques for Controlling Time and Costs in Arbitration。ICC Publication。Paris:ICC。
4.
Muchlinski, Peter(2012)。The Diplomatic Protection of Foreign Investors:A Tale of Judicial Caution。International Investment Law for the 21ST Century。Oxford:Oxford University Press。
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