民主是否相容於伊斯蘭？在「茉莉花革命」之後，再度引燃學界的爭辯火 花，亦帶給世人一種盼望中的存疑。儘管近年透過民主程序取得執政權的伊斯 蘭政黨並不罕見，惟政治體制與宗教勢力的實證研究仍然令人感到困惑。藉由 釐清「伊斯蘭與民主」的對應關係，本文探究伊斯蘭國家中各種政治勢力的互 動關係，另慮及軍人集團對於伊斯蘭民主實踐具有重要影響，繼以梳整軍人干 政與文武關係的研究文獻，從既有理論和案例推究伊斯蘭民主與軍人政治的關 聯構面。環顧既往，有關伊斯蘭民主討論聚焦於中東伊斯蘭國家的實踐經驗， 對於南亞民主轉型的政治伊斯蘭（political Islam）研究則相對薄弱。爰此，本 文嘗試構築「伊斯蘭民主分析框架」，佐以近年巴基斯坦民主發展進行案例檢 視，期盼為南亞民主化研究提供另一種參照觀點。

Is democracy compatible with Islam? Since the outbreak of the “Jasmine Revolution,” this question once again sparked a series of debates amongst the academia and brought forth to the world a sense of doubt in such aspiration. Over recent years, it has not been uncommon to see Islamic political parties acquire their right to govern via democratic processes; however, empirical studies into political systems and religious influences remain baffling. By clarifying the correspondence between “Islam and democracy,” the present paper probes into the interactive relations among various political forces in Islamic states, and in addition, considering that military juntas have important implications with respect to the practice of Islamic democracy, by sifting through research literature on military intervention on politics and on civil-military relations, the present paper attempts to deduce the correlative dimensions between an Islamic democracy and a military junta. Past discussions pertaining to Islamic democracy focused on the practical experiences of Islamic states in the Middle East, while studies on political Islamism in transformative democracies of South Asia are relatively lacking. For this reason, the present paper attempts to construct an “analytic framework for Islamic democracy” and, in combination with a case study on the recent democratic developments in Pakistan, aims to provide another perspective for studies on South Asian democratization.