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題名：「學歷擠壓」困境：擇偶網站資料的分析
書刊名：人文及社會科學集刊
作者：張榮富 引用關係／蔡滋紋
作者(外文)：Chang, Jung-fu／Tsai, Tzu-wen
出版日期：2015
卷期：27:1
頁次：頁205-263
主題關鍵詞：擇偶機會；婚姻市場；婚姻擠壓；學歷配對；婚姻斜坡；Marriage opportunity；Marriage market；Marriage squeeze；Educational match；Marriage gradient
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(6) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:1
  • 共同引用共同引用:119
  • 點閱點閱:104
本文以擇偶網站資料，運用學歷偏好雙向互選的模擬配對方式，估算高中職、大專與碩士學歷者的擇偶機會。結果顯示：（1）碩士女與高中職男雖有比同性別其他學歷者更寬的學歷偏好門檻但卻有較小的擇偶機會，陷入「學歷擠壓」的擇偶困境。（2）唯有當「異性的」學歷偏好放寬時此二群體的擇偶機會才會大幅提升，其擇偶機會並非操之在己。（3）短期內不易透過「碩士女嫁大專男」與「高中職男娶大專女」的婚配組合疏解此二群體的擇偶困境。本文推測「現在」適婚年齡層高學歷女性未婚比例的上升，「未來」將造成「不婚」（40或50歲未婚）的增加，非僅止於「晚婚」。
This study used data from an online dating site to examine the effects of educational mating preference on marriage opportunities using a two-side matching simulation approach. We found that higher-educated women and lowereducated men have the lowest marriage opportunities among all educational groups. This may be one of the important reasons why these two educational groups have the lowest marriage rate in their gender. Furthermore, through different types of simulation, we found that even setting wider educational thresholds would not lead higher-educated women's and lower-educated men's marriage opportunities to increase. Only when the opposite genders set lower ceiling-educational thresholds could their marriage opportunities increase. The key factor for increasing marriage opportunities is not in their own hands.
期刊論文
1.張榮富、唐玉蟬(20091200)。逐歲分析男女年齡對擇偶年齡偏好的影響。淡江人文社會學刊，40，115-144。new window  延伸查詢new window
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6.Bhrolcháin, Máire Ní、Sigle-Rushton, Wendy(2005)。Partner Supply in Britain and the US: Estimates and Gender Contrasts。Population，60(1/2)，37-64。  new window
7.Veevers, J.(1988)。The 'Real' Marriage Squeeze: Mate Selection, Mortality and the Marriage Gradient。Sociological Perspectives，31，169-189。  new window
8.Elder, Glen H. Jr.(1969)。Appearance and education in marriage mobility。American Sociological Review，34(4)，519-533。  new window
9.Pawlowski, Boguslaw、Koziel, Slawomir(2002)。The impact of traits offered in personal advertisements on response rates。Evolution and Human Behavior，23(2)，139-149。  new window
10.Coale, Ansley J.、McNeil, Donald R.(1972)。The Distribution by Age of the Frequency of First Marriage in a Female Cohort。Journal of the American Statistical Association，67(340)，743-749。  new window
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12.Lampard, R.(1993)。Availability of Marriage Partners in England and Wales: A Comparison of Three Measures。Journal of Biosocial Science，25(3)，333-350。  new window
13.Torr, Berna M.(2011)。The Changing Relationship between Education and Marriage in the United States, 1940-2000。Journal of Family History，36(4)，483-503。  new window
14.Raymo, J. M.(2003)。Premarital Living Arrangement and the Transition to First Marriage in Japan。Journal of Marriage and Family，65，302-315。  new window
15.Katz, A. M.、Hill, R.(1958)。Residential Propinquity and Marital Selection: A Review of Theory, Method, and Fact。Marriage and Family Living，20(1)，27-35。  new window
16.Jones, G. W.(2005)。The Fight from Marriage in South-East and East Asia。Journal of Comparative Family Studies，36，93-119。  new window
17.Goldstein, Joshua R.、Kenney, Catherine T.(2001)。Marriage Delayed or Marriage Foregone? New Cohort Forecasts of First Marriage for U.S. Women。American Sociological Review，66(4)，506-519。  new window
18.Dixon, Ruth(1971)。Explaining Cross-cultural Variation in Age at Marriage and Proportions Never Marrying。Population Studies，4(2)，215-233。  new window
19.Blossfeld, H. P.(1990)。Changes in Educational Careers in the Federal Republic of Germany。Sociology of Education，63(3)，165-177。  new window
20.Bloom, David E.、Bennett, Neil G.(1990)。Modeling American Marriage Patterns。Journal of the American Statistical Association，85，1009-1017。  new window
21.Burley, Nancy(1983)。The Meaning of Assortative Mating。Ethology and Sociobiology，4(4)，191-203。  new window
22.Bernard, Jessie(1966)。Note on Educational Homogamy in Negro-White and White-Negro Marriages, 1960。Journal of Marriage and the Family，28，274-276。  new window
23.張榮富、張宗文(20120400)。騎驢找馬與劈腿：以「多對多」連續性搜尋模型分析兩種擇偶模式的配對成功率。調查研究，27，81-112。new window  延伸查詢new window
24.Thornton, Arland、Axinn, William G.、Teachman, Jay D.(1995)。The Influence of School Enrollment and Accumulation on Cohabitation and Marriage in Early Adulthood。American Sociological Review，60(5)，762-774。  new window
25.Staples, R.(1985)。Changes in black family structure: the conflict between family ideology and structure conditions。Journal of Marriage and the Family，47，1005-1013。  new window
26.Spanier, Graham B.、Glick, Paul C.(1980)。Mate Selection Differentials between Whites and Blacks in the United States。Social Forces，58(3)，707-725。  new window
27.Schoen, R.、Wooldredge, J.、Thomas, B.(1989)。Ethnic and Educational Effects on Marriage Choice。Social Science Quarterly，70(3)，617-630。  new window
28.Schoen, R.、Kluegel, J. R.(1988)。The widening gap in black and white marriage rates: The impact of population composition and differential marriage propensities。American Sociological Review，53(6)，895-907。  new window
29.Lichter, D. T.、Anderson, R. N.、Hayward, M. D.(1995)。Marriage markets and marital choice。Journal of Family Issues，16(4)，412-431。  new window
30.Lichter, Daniel T.、LeClere, Felicia B.、McLaughlin, Diane K.(1991)。Local marriage markets and the marital behavior of black and white women。American Journal of Sociology，96(4)，843-867。  new window
31.Lichter, Daniel T.、McLaughlin, Diane K.、Kephart, George、Landry, David J.(1992)。Race and the Retreat from Marriage: A Shortage of Marriageable Men?。American Sociological Review，57(6)，781-799。  new window
32.Kenrick, Douglas T.、Keefe, Richard C.(1992)。Age preferences in mates reflect sex differences in human reproductive strategies。Behavioral and Brain Sciences，15(1)，75-133。  new window
33.Hua, Y. S.、Long, A. S.(1997)。Income Trends: The Gender Income Gap。Statistics Singapore Newsletter，10(3)，2-6。  new window
34.Hernes, Gudmund(1972)。The Process of Entry into First Marriage。American Sociological Review，37(2)，173-182。  new window
35.Edwards, John N.(1969)。Familial behavior as social exchange。Journal of Marriage and Family，31(3)，518-526。  new window
36.Gale, David、Shapley, Lloyd(1962)。College Admissions and Stability of Marriage。American Mathematical Monthly，69(1)，9-15。  new window
37.Berscheid, E.、Dion, K.、Walster, E.、Walster, G. W.(1971)。Physical attractiveness and dating choice: A Test of the matching hypothesis。Journal of Experimental Social Psychology，7(2)，173-189。  new window
38.駱明慶(20060300)。教育成就的性別差異與國際通婚。經濟論文叢刊，34(1)，79-115。new window  延伸查詢new window
39.李銀河(1989)。當代中國人的擇偶標準。中國社會科學，1989(4)，61-74。  延伸查詢new window
40.Jones, Gavin W.(2007)。Delayed Marriage and Very Low Fertility in Pacific Asia。Population and Development Review，33(3)，453-478。  new window
41.張榮富(20070600)。學歷對網路男女結婚機會之影響。淡江人文社會學刊，30，131-151。new window  延伸查詢new window
42.巫麗雪、蔡瑞明(20060600)。跨越族群的藩籬：從機會供給觀點分析臺灣的族群通婚。人口學刊，32，1-41。new window  延伸查詢new window
43.張榮富(20130900)。北高兩市與全臺男女各年齡層擇偶機會的差異--兼論男性外婚與女性不婚。城市學學刊，4(2)，27-64。new window  延伸查詢new window
44.張榮富、陳玫瑜(20120300)。年齡被接受度的性別差異--以年齡偏好的雙向配對擇偶模式評估。經濟論文叢刊，40(1)，119-146。new window  延伸查詢new window
45.Kalmijn, Matthijs、Flap, Henk(2001)。Assortative Meeting and Mating: Unintended Consequences of Organized Setting for Partner Choices。Social Forces，79(4)，1289-1312。  new window
46.張榮富(20060900)。年齡對擇偶年齡與身高偏好門檻的影響。中華心理學刊，48(3)，275-289。new window  延伸查詢new window
47.Kotlarov, A.(2003)。The Gender Difference in Earnings。Alaska Economic Trends，23(9)，13-21。  new window
48.South, S. J.(1991)。Sociodemographic differentials in mate selection preferences。Journal of Marriage and the Family，53(4)，928-940。  new window
49.Goldman, N.、Westoff, C.、Hammerslough, C.(1984)。Demography of the marriage market in the United Ststes。Population Index，50，5-25。  new window
50.Oppenheimer, Valerie K.(1997)。Women's Employment and the Gains to Marriage: The Specialization and Trading Model。Annual Review of Sociology，23，431-453。  new window
51.鄭保志(20040600)。教育擴張與工資不均度：臺灣男性全職受雇者之年群分析。經濟論文叢刊，32(2)，233-265。new window  延伸查詢new window
52.張榮富(20090900)。婚姻市場對擇偶偏好的影響--以臺灣、香港與南韓為比較。思與言，47(3)，151-193。new window  延伸查詢new window
53.楊靜利、李大正、陳寬政(20061200)。臺灣傳統婚配空間的變化與婚姻行為之變遷。人口學刊，33，1-32。new window  延伸查詢new window
54.蔡淑鈴(19940600)。臺灣之婚姻配對模式。人文及社會科學集刊，6(2)，335-371。new window  延伸查詢new window
55.Oppenheimer, Valerie Kincade(1988)。A Theory of Marriage Timing。American Journal of Sociology，94(3)，563-591。  new window
56.張榮富(20130600)。未婚者與離婚者擇偶年齡偏好的差異：以大學學歷三十歲世代男女為例。高雄師大學報. 教育與社會科學類，34，83-102。new window  延伸查詢new window
會議論文
1.陳信木、陳佳穎(2004)。挑三揀四：婚姻市場中擇偶搜尋的理性法則。2004年臺灣社會學會研討會。臺北：國立政治大學社會學系。  延伸查詢new window
2.張怡娟、李瑞中(2010)。Educational Differentials in Rates and Probabilities of First Marriage among Taiwanese Women Born in 1910-1991。2010台灣社會學年會暨國科會專題研究成果發表會。台北：天主教輔仁大學。  延伸查詢new window
3.楊文山、張祐慈、范維君(2010)。台灣女性初婚年齡變遷的社會學初探。「2010年臺灣人口學會年會暨人口變遷與社會發展」學術研討會，國立臺灣大學 (會議日期: 2010年4月29-30日)。  延伸查詢new window
4.陳信木、陳雅琪(2007)。教育對於結婚的影響：教育程度別女性初婚年齡分佈模式。2007年臺灣人口學會年會研討會。台北：國立政治大學。  延伸查詢new window
5.陳玉華(2007)。婚育態度與行為的世代差異。家庭價值、行為與態度：臺灣社會變遷基本調查第九次研討會。臺北：中央研究院社會學研究所。  延伸查詢new window
研究報告
1.Casson, M.(1995)。Partner Selection in International Joint Ventures: Economic Model and Social Metaphors。Department of Economics, University of Reading。  new window
2.樓玉梅、范瑟珍(2010)。我國人口變動趨勢之影響分析及政策探討。臺北市：行政院經濟建設委員會。  延伸查詢new window
3.Brüderl, J.、Diekmann, A.(1997)。Education and Marriage: A Comparative Study。Institute of Sociology, University of Munich。  new window
4.教育部統計處(2012)。歷年校數、教師、職員、班級、學生及畢業生數（39~101 學年度）。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.歐貞延(2004)。GO TO CYBERLOVE--從網路看親密關係的轉變(碩士論文)。南華大學，嘉義。  延伸查詢new window
2.朱思樺(2012)。臺灣未婚女性結婚意願之探究--「不婚」還是「想婚而不得婚」？(碩士論文)。東吳大學。  延伸查詢new window
3.宋明潔(2001)。上網人口特質、上網行為、網站內容偏好以及影響每日網站瀏覽之研究--以台灣入口網站為例(碩士論文)。國立中山大學。  延伸查詢new window
4.謝豐存(2001)。虛擬世界擇偶--以配對網站的異性交往為例(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Mosteller, F.(1987)。Fifty Challenging Problems in Probability with Solutions。Massachusetts：Addison-Wesley Pub. Co.。  new window
2.行政院主計總處(2012)。人力資源調查統計原始資料。  延伸查詢new window
3.Burr, W. R.(1973)。Theory Construction and the Sociology of the Family。London：John Wiley & Sons。  new window
4.Blau, P. M.(1964)。Exchange and Power in Social Life。New York：John Wiley and Sons。  new window
5.Wilson, W. J.(1987)。The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass and Public Policy。Chicago：The University of Chicago Press。  new window
6.Homans, George Caspar(1961)。Social behavior: Its elementary forms。Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc.。  new window
7.Thibaut, John W.、Kelley, Harold H.(1959)。The Social Psychology of Groups。John Wiley & Sons, Inc.。  new window
8.Becker, Gary Stanley(1981)。A Treatise on the Family。Harvard University Press。  new window
其他
1.The Economist(2011)。Asia's Lonely Hearts，http://www.economist.com/node/21526350， 2013/12/30。  new window
2.行政院主計處(2011)。99年人口及住宅普查初步統計結果提要分析，http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=30077&ctNode=3272&mp=1， 2011/11/05。  延伸查詢new window
3.MSN戀愛交友網站(2009)。擇偶學歷偏好資料，http://www.tw.match.com， 2009/10/01-11/30。  延伸查詢new window
4.RecordJapan 網站(2012)。日本男性終身未婚率 30年增長 8 倍，http://www.recordjapan.net/news/28429， 2013/09/30。  延伸查詢new window
5.內政部(2009)。內政統計年報：婚姻狀況，http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/year/list.htm， 2009/11/18。  延伸查詢new window
6.內政部(2009)。內政統計年報：十五歲以上人口教育程度，http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/year/list.htm， 2009/11/18。  延伸查詢new window
7.內政部戶政司(20012011)。十五歲以上現住人口數按性別、年齡、婚姻狀況及教育程度分，內政部戶政司。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.Todd, P. M.(1997)。Searching for the Next Best Mate。Simulating Social Phenomena。Springer-Verlag。  new window
2.Murstein, Bernard I.(1971)。A theory of marital choice and its applicability to marriage adjustment。Theories of attraction and love。Springer。  new window
3.Isen, A.、Stevenson, B.(2010)。Women's Education and Family Behavior: Trends in Marriage, Divorce and Fertility。Demography and the Economy。Cambridge, MA：National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.。  new window
4.Kerckhoff, A.(1974)。The Social Context of Interpersonal Attraction。Foundations of Interpersonal Attraction。New York：Academic Press。  new window
5.Glick, P. C.、Beresford, J. C.、Heer, D. M.(1963)。Family formation and family composition: Trends and prospects。Sourcebook in marriage and the family。Boston：Houghton Mifflin。  new window
6.De Graaf, N. Dirk、Smeenk, W.、Ultee, W.、Timm, A.(2003)。The When and Whom of First Marriage in the Netherlands。Who Marries Whom: Educational Systems as Marriage Markets in Modern Societies。London：Kluwer Academic。  new window
 
 
 
 
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