Social work has long been a profession dealing with welfare problems in a given society that is especially true in the case of Taiwan since the profession is fostering under governmental regulation and licensing. The 1997 Act for Professional Social Workers is the first step to confirm social work as a profession, while social work also loses its autonomy to decide teaching contents. Three problems are emerging in this context. First, in order to catch up with the growth of social workers' job market, a lot of short-term programs are established to fulfil the minimum requirement of courses and credits, which crowds out comprehensive social work education in universities. Second, skill training, instead of the fundamentals of social work (e.g. empowerment, anti-discrimination, social justice and human rights), becomes the heart of social work education. Third, and most importantly, social workers are increasingly declining in their competence of critical thinking and self-reflection. As China also establishes its own social work education and governmental licensing system, social workers are much likely to engage in matters across borders of Chinese-speaking societies. The critical issues we need to think about the future competences of social workers in Taiwan, located in Chinese-speaking societies, will include: 1. the ability to understand local problems in the globalizing world; 2. the ability to develop organizations and resources for social needs; and 3. the ability to promote social justice and human right through interpersonal collaboration.