本稿の目的は、日清戦争後の台湾地域社会におけるダイナミックな政治•社会変動のなかで、日本人を主体とする地域自治組織の形成、結成の目的と経緯を解明することで、日本統治初期の在台日本人の社会秩序の形成を明らかにすることにある。具体的には、地域自治組織の結成をめぐって植民地都市台北と台南に寄留する内地人の自治体の形成を分析した。そのうえで1897年5月「本島人」街庄社長設置の過程で明らかにした「内地人」(日本人)の新しい社会基盤作りに存する問題点を指摘した。統治者は「本島人」(台湾人)の参事、または街庄社長の下に、内地人の権力と幸福が増進されることはあり得ないというような認識を表し、「内地人組合」の促進で埋め合わせる狙いがあった。これにより生じた内地人と本島人との区別が窺えた。植民地期台湾の初めての居住民団は、在台日本人により独自に展開したものである。その構築過程とは、台湾総督府政策と対峙また協調しながら創出.改正され、運営されてゆく過程であったはずである。なお、在台日本人の仲間の派閥.軋轢、競合関係が表に出ているが、在台日本人の地域自治組織の創出によって新領地の社会秩序の再建を推進した歴史的意味があると考えている。|This article made a thorough inquiry of the formation of local Japanese autonomous organizations, and uncovered the shaping of social order of Japanese in new colony as well as the related changes of Taiwan society during the early stage of Japanese rule. The article analyses the course of the formation of the local organizations in Taipei and Tainan. The objective is to reconstruct the social tensions between the "Inner landers" (Japanese) and the "Islanders" (Taiwanese), and that among the Japanese organizations in the early years of the colonial administration. While the Government-General of Taiwan established the local administrative system n May 1897, it appeared that several local Japanese organizations meant to secure their existing rights. The "Inner landers" wanted to establish the exclusive political power to guard their interests. The Government-Genera also believed that it was necessary to form separately the local administrations of the "Inner Landers" and the "Islanders", to protect and to boost the interest of the "Inner Landers". In order to mend this situation, the foundation of local Japanese organizations was encouraged by the Government-General. The "Inner Landers" established quickly several "Associations of Civil Residents" (Kyoryumin dan) to strive for their rights. However, lacking of laws, tensions arose between these Associations and the Government-General. As the Government-General issued the "Regulations of the Inner Landers Organizations" in September 1898, the numbers of the Association increased rapidly. The competitions among the "Inner-Landers" organizations led to the further tension in the Japanese circle. We can understand through the case how the Government-General reconstructs the social order after the subjugation