宋代學術，多承接後周，周祚雖短，有復古傾向，而制禮作樂，開宋學的新局。書學、古文字學以及詞學，無不皆然。詞何以在宋代特別發達，實與後周之整理樂章有密切關係。 　　本文從這一重點加以發揮，指出五代官方有「別撰樂章、舞曲，令歌者誦習」一事，為促進公、私曲詞寫作之緣由。和凝次子和峴在乾德六年十月上疏即陳其事。今《全宋詞》第一首六州、十二時即其一例。五代宋初，雅樂與教坊曲在朝廷混雜使用，唐代梨園樂章在歌筵宴會上仍極盛行，曲子多用於歌舞場合。敦煌卷子中如題顯德五年間抄本的舞譜，正可說明這一事實。當時樂章舞曲歌辭可由太常寺保管，五代有許多與整理樂章有關之人士，大都是太常寺裡之負責人員。柳永的《樂章集》，何以命名曰「樂章」，由於他嘗官「太常博士」，他未之人必曾掌握許多的樂章之材料。觀於《樂章集》中長調之多，及柳氏所進之新曲，了明其故。柳詞所以有承先啟後之地位而取得高度成就，應該和他任職太常寺得到舊樂章的灌溉吸取養料，不無關係。

　　　　　The scholarly tradition of the Sung Dynasty was to a large extent inherited from the Later Chou Dynasty . Although the latter lasted only a very short period （951-960） , there was at that time a tendency to revive ancient studies , and its efforts in establishing national protocol and music opended up new vistas for the Sung Dynasty . It was the same in the study of calligraphy , bronze inscriptions , and the poetics of tz'u . The flourishing of tz'u in the Sung Dynasty was closely connected with the compilation and revision of music in the Later Chou . 　　With the understanding mentioned above , the author of this article points out that during the period of the Five Dynasties （907-960）the ciurt promoted the composition of music and tunes for dancing , and ordered the traning of court sinfers . This led to a flourishing of popular as well as court music . In the tenth month of the second year of the Ch'ien-te 乾德 period（944） , Ho Hsien 和峴 , the sevond son of Ho Ning 和凝 , submitted s memorial to the emperor expounding on this on this phenomenon . The former's two tz'u verses written in the melodies of “Liu Chou”六州 and “Shiherh Shih” 十二時 collected in the Ch'uan Sung-tz'u 全宋詞 （Complete Collection of Sung Ts'u） can best illustrate the influence of the music prevailing at the time . During the period of the music prevailing at the time . During the period of the Five Dynasties and the early Sung , both court music and popular music were performed at court , while the theatrical music of the T’ang Dynasty（695-905） was also prevailing in recitals , dances and banquets . This fact can be proven by a hand copy of the music for dancing dated the fifth year of Hsien 顯德 （958） found in the Tun-huang 敦煌 archives . At that time it was the huty of the T'ai-ch'ang Ssu 太常寺 （Ministry of Rites and Ceremonies） to keep records of music , dances and songs . A lot of people who were involved in the compilation and revision of music were officials in that organization . The Yueh-chang 樂章集 by Liu Yung 柳永（987-1053） was so named because he was once such an official . With his easy access to the materials collected there , it is no wonder that ch’ang tiao 長調（long verses） abound in his Yueh-chang chi , and that he was such a prolific composer of dance music himself . His artistic achievement as a tz'u poet who occupied a turning point in its history was closely related to his affiliation with the T'ai-ch'ang Ssu .