The kominka movement, as an essential part of wartimemobilization, was a complete Japanization campaign imposed upon theTaiwanese and the Koreans by Japan's colonial governments in the twocolonies during the period of 1937-1945. This article attempts to offer anoverall view of the kBminka movement. It compares the two countries'experiences in terms of the movement's four major campaigns: religiousreforms, the national language movement, the name-changing program,and the military volunteers' recruitment. Although the movements inTaiwan and Korea were similar in terms of their nature and ultimategoal, in carrying out the movements the approaches adopted bv the twocolonial governments diJTered in some respects. In general, the colonialgovernment in Korea used harsher measures than the one in Taiwan. Asfor responses to the kffminka movement on the part of the colonized, theTaiwanese showed more compliance and less resistence than theKoreans. However, a close-up analysis of each people's responses to eachprogram reveals some common tendencies: (1) religious reforms met withthe coldest reception, (2) the name-changing program was not popular,(3) the national language movement was successful to some extent, and (4) the military volunteer system seems to have aroused enthusiasmamong colonial youth. In addition to these findings, my research suggeststhat the kominka movement had a significant impact upon youngTaiwancsc, who spent their most formative years in the kSminka era.Although the kominka movement failed to make them "true Japanese,"they seem to have become "less Chinese." This historical situation greatlyinJluenccd the course of Taiwanese history in the post-war era.