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題名：社會化歷程中的父母教化方式與子女的行為發展
書刊名：中華心理學刊
作者：葉光輝 引用關係
作者(外文)：Yeh, Kuang-hui
出版日期：1995
卷期：37:2
頁次：頁149-167
主題關鍵詞：家庭社會化；互惠關係；應答性；教化技巧；互動歷程；Family socialization；Reciprocal relationship；Responsiveness；Parenting skill；Interaction process
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(18) 博士論文(3) 專書(0) 專書論文(1)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:17
  • 共同引用共同引用:115
  • 點閱點閱:235
　　　　　回顧心理學者對於父母教化方式與子女行為發展間關係主題的探討，可以發現在 觀念上有兩大明顯的轉變。第一階段的轉變，是從子女行為發展被動的受父母教化方式影響 的觀點，轉變成親子間對對方行為發展是彼此交互影響的觀點；在這轉變過程中，雖然已經 更客觀的指出個體在家庭社會化歷程中的真實面貌，但是並沒有提供出什麼樣的親子互動歷 程，才是最有效的家庭社會化歷程的答案。第二階段的轉變，則是從親子間彼此交互影響的 觀點，轉變成親子間整體互動關係才是決定子女行為發展的主要因素的觀點；這正是為了找 尋出最有效的親子互動歷程所做的轉變。基於上述對研究觀念轉變的體認，本研究將親子整 體互動關係界定為：親子雙方長期交互互動下，彼此對對方行為與反應所建構的互惠性預期 與刻板化解釋。 採用這種界定觀點來探討它對子女行為發展的特點，在於（ 1 ）它由對靜 態類型變項轉變到對動態互動歷程的注意； （ 2 ）它由單向或片面的注意角度轉變到對互 動雙方整體關係的關注； （ 3 ）它由教化技巧效果轉變到同時結合教化技巧與親子情感兩 項因素效果的解釋。 在分析了 298 位不同教育程度、城鄉地區的父親與母親，對自己特定 子女整體教化歷程的深度訪談資料後，結果發現對於子女行為發展或表現的正面效果，採互 惠性比採非互惠性教化互動關係者優、採引導式比採強制式教化技巧者優、採以子女為中心 比採以父母為中心的引導式教化技巧者優，及同時結合教化技巧與親子情感兩項因素變項要 比單純考慮教化技巧變項的效果優。總之，以親子整體互動關係並考慮整體動態互動歷程的 新分析單位，是未來家庭社會化研究相當值得採行的研究取向。
　　　　　There have been two distinctive shifts in the conception of the parents role in socializing children. The first shift was from a unidirectional to bi-directional approach, and the second shift from a bi-directional approach to a relationship approach. According to the relationship approach, the entire parent-child relationship is the most important determinant of child development. This study defines the parent-child relationship with both sides having constructed a reciprocal expectancy and stereotypic interpretation about the other's behavior and responses over the long term. This definition has three key points: (1) it concerns the process of parent-child interaction; (2) it focuses on the entire parent-child relationship as a new analytic unit; and (3) it creates a new factor by combining the effects of parenting skills and affection on child development. Following the analysis of 298 in-depth interviews with fathers or mothers of varying education levels and demographic characteristics, this study finds that: (1) reciprocal relationships engender a more positive effect than non-reciprocal relationships; (2) a guidance style has a more positive effect than a coercive style; and (3) adopting a child-centered guidance style produces a more beneficial effect than that that of a parent-centered guidance style; (4) parenting skills are combined with parent-child affection has a more interpretation power than simple using parenting skill factor, on child development. These findings have created a new direction in the study of family socialization.
期刊論文
1.Rothbaum, F.、Weisz, J. R.(1994)。Parental caregiving and child externalizing behavior in nonclinical samples: A meta-analysis。Psychological Bulletin，116(1)，55-74。  new window
2.Westerman, M. A.(1990)。Coordination of maternal directives with preschoolers' behavior in compliance-problem and healthy dyads。Developmental Psychology，26，621-630。  new window
3.Hoffman, M. L.(1979)。Development of moral thought, feeling, and behavior。American Psychologist，34(10)，958-966。  new window
4.Baldwin, Alfred L.(1949)。The Effect of Home Environment on Nursery School Behavior。Child Development，20，49-62。  new window
5.Baumrind, Diana Blumberg(1967)。Child care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behavior。Genetic Psychology Monographs，75(1)，43-88。  new window
6.Maccoby, E. E.(1992)。The role of parents in the socialization of children: An historical overview。Developmental Psychology，28(6)，1006-1017。  new window
7.Chomsky, N.(1959)。A Review of B. F. Skinner's Verbal Behavior。Language，35，26-58。  new window
8.張茂桂(19861200)。「社會化」的衝突性:理論與實際。中央研究院民族學研究所集刊，60，165-194。  延伸查詢new window
9.Honig, A. S.(1985)。Compliance, control, and discipline。Young Children，40，50-58。  new window
10.Maccoby, E. E.(1992)。Trends in the study of socialization: Is there a Lewinian heritage?。Journal of Social Issues，48(2)，171-186。  new window
11.Robinson, E. A.(1985)。Coercion theory revisited: Toward a new theoretical perspective on the etiology of conduct disorders。Clinical Psychology Review，5，597-625。  new window
12.楊國樞(19860600)。家庭因素與子女行為：臺灣研究的評析。中華心理學刊，28(1)，7-28。new window  延伸查詢new window
13.Parpal, M.、Maccoby, E.(1985)。Maternal responsiveness and subsequent child compliance。Child Development，56，1326-1334。  new window
研究報告
1.楊國樞、葉光輝(1996)。社會取向與個我取向心理與行為的家庭教化歷程。臺北市：國家科學委員會。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.Kohlberg, L.(1958)。The development of modes of thinking and choice in the years 10 to 16(博士論文)。University of Chicago。  new window
2.葉光輝(1992)。孝道認知的類型發展及其相關因素(博士論文)。國立臺灣大學。new window  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Stafford, L.、Bayer, C. L.(1993)。Interaction between parents and children。Sage。  new window
2.Baldwin, A. L.(1955)。Behavior and development in childhood。Dryden Press。  new window
3.Bowlby, J.(1969)。Attachment and loss. Vol I: Attachment。New York：Basic Books。  new window
4.Patterson, G. R.(1982)。A Social Learning Approach to Family Intervention: III. Coercive Family Process。Eugene, OR：Castalia。  new window
5.Skinner, B. F.(1957)。Verbal behavior。New York：Appleton-Century-Crofts。  new window
6.Sears, R. R.、Maccoby, E. E.、Levin, H.(1957)。Patterns of child rearing。Evanston, IL：Row, Peterson。  new window
7.Sears, R. R.、Rau, L.、Alpert, R.(1965)。Identification and child rearing。Stanford：Stanford University Press。  new window
8.Piaget, J. J.(1932)。The moral judgment of the child。Free Press。  new window
9.Mead, George Herbert、Morris, Charles William(1962)。Mind, Self, and Society, From the Standpoint of A Social Behaviorist。Chicago, IL：The University of Chicago Press。  new window
圖書論文
1.Markman, E. M.(1992)。Constraints on word learning: Speculations about their nature, origins, and domain specificity。Minnesota Symposia on Child Psychology。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。  new window
2.朱瑞玲(1989)。親子關係：子女的知覺與解釋及其影響。臺灣社會現象分析。臺北：中央研究院三民主義研究所。  延伸查詢new window
3.Ho, D. Y. H.(1986)。Chinese patterns of socialization: A critical review。The psychology of the Chinese people。Hong Kong：Oxford University Press。  new window
4.Peterson, G. W.、Rollins, B. C.(1987)。Parent-child socialization。Handbook of marriage and the family。New York：Plenum Press。  new window
5.Baumrind, D.(1973)。The development of instrumental competence through socialization。Minnesota symposium on child psychology。Minneapolis, Minn.：University of Minnesota Press。  new window
6.Maccoby, E. E.、Martin, J. A.(1983)。Parent-child interaction。Manual of child psychology (Vol. 4): Social Development。New York：Wiley。  new window
7.Mead, M.(1983)。Foreword。Socialization。New Jersey：Prentice-Hall。  new window
8.Selman, R. L.、Schultz, L. H.(1987)。Interpersonal thought and action in the case of a troubled early adolescent: Toward a developmental model of the gap。Cognitive development and child psychotherapy。New York：Plenum。  new window
9.Wilson, R. W.(1981)。Moral behavior in Chinese society: A theoretical perspective。Moral behavior in Chinese society。New York：Praeger。  new window
10.朱瑞玲(19860000)。青少年心目中的父母教養方式。臺灣社會與文化變遷。臺北：中央研究院民族學研究所。new window  延伸查詢new window
11.Osborne, L. N.、Fincham, F. D.(1994)。Conflict between parents and their children。Conflict in personal relationships。New Jersey：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。  new window
 
 
 
 
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