本研究主要是從「環境心理學」與「社會心理學」觀點探究社區意識的組成要素 以及影響社區意識組成的個人基本背景屬性，藉由相關文獻建立出適合評鑑都市居民社區意 識之社區意識量表，以臺中市黎明住宅社區為例，瞭解都市居民之社區意識組成要素為何。 研究結果顯示，居民個人基本背景屬性將明顯影響個人之社區意識組成。研究者將社區 意識定為「社會聯繫」、「環境認知」與「情感連結」三個概念，並將其發展成為測度居民社 區意識之態度量表，經由因素分析後得到六個社區意識組成因素構面:「事務參與」、「場所 認同」、「鄰里親和」、「社會聯繫」、「社區關懷」及「環境認知」;經實證研究分析結果顯示 個人基本背景屬性與社區意識高低類群之間其有顯著相關;又居民基本背景屬性不同其社區 意識組成之因素構面將有所不同。本研究認為應從社區居民之背景著手，進而提出凝聚都市 居民社區意識之策略和建議，以達成社區發展之基礎。

　　　　　From the perspective of environmental psychology and social psychology, this research explored the concept of urban residents' sense of community, and what affected the components of urban residents' sence of community. The results showed that residents' demographic characteristics affected their sense of community. In this research, sense of community was divided into three concept-groups. They were social interaction, neighborhood cognition, and affective bonds. A Likert scaling was used to measure residents' sense of community. Using factor analysis, sense of community was reduced to six factors- "affairs participation", "identity of place", "attachment to neighborhood", "social contact", "emotional support", and "environmental cognition". Through one-way ANOVA analysis, residents' demographic characteristics were related with six factors of sense of community. Through chi-square analysis, three groups of different sense of community were significantly correlated to residents' demographic characteristics. This research showed residents' demographic characteristics will affect their sense of community. Strategies of bringing up urban residents' sense of community were also suggested to contribute to develop and construct much more beautiful community environment.