本文在於探討阿爾杜塞意識形態理論中較為人忽視的一個面向，即物質性的問題 ，嘗試指出其特殊之處及限制所在。阿爾杜塞以「國家的意識形態機器」概念，不僅突出了 隱藏在生產關係問題之中的階級鬥爭，以及在這個過程中，不同種的「國家意識形態機器」 所扮演的角色，補充傳統馬克思主義的「國家」理論，更是以此重新檢討意識形態的本身， 指出其「想像性」的以及「物質性」的特色。然而，這種物質性係建立在對意識形態自身物 質性的「取消」之上，僅侷限在意識形態所產生的效果。直至晚年對唯物主義重新思索，開 始了他對物質不同模態的認識，觸及了意識形態自身物質性存在的可能性。

　　　　　This paper proposes to analyze the problematic of materiality in Althusser's theory of ideology, which has long been neglected by most of his commentators. Althusser's particularities and limits are discussed as well. "Ideological state apparatuses" (ISA) as proposed by Althusser uncovers the hidden class struggle in the existing relations of production and the role assumed by different kinds of ISA. In addition, ISA as a concept reexamines the essence of ideology and exposes Althusser's imaginary and material characteristics. And yet, materiality in his sense can be built only in the foreclosure of the materiality of ideology itself and is only the effects of ideology. It is not until his last days that, through rethinking materialism and recognizing different modalities of the material, Althusser finally touches upon the possibilities of ideology itself.