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題名:早期記憶諮商模式對大學生適應困擾問題覺察之影響及其諮商效果之研究
作者:吳淑禎 引用關係
作者(外文):Su-Jean Wu
校院名稱:國立彰化師範大學
系所名稱:輔導系
指導教授:張德榮
程小蘋
學位類別:博士
出版日期:1999
主題關鍵詞:早期記憶早期記憶諮商模式適應困擾大學生覺察影響諮商效果early recollectionsearly recollections counseling modelmaladaptive problemcollege studentawarenesscounseling effect
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  • 點閱點閱:67
中文摘要
本研究之目的有三,一在探討早期記憶諮商模式對大學生適應困擾問題的覺察之影響,二是探討早期記憶諮商模式對大學生適應困擾問題的諮商效果為何,三則是適應困擾大學生對早期記憶諮商模式及其諮商師的知覺情形。採質的研究法,召募十六位具有適應困擾問題的大學生,分別進行四至十次的諮商。分析之資料有「大學生生活適應量表」、「參與者自評表一」、「參與者自評表二」、諮商過程以及二次諮商後的訪談錄音逐字稿。研究結果如下:
一、 早期記憶諮商模式可以協助參與該諮商模式的適應困擾大學生瞭解其適應困擾問題,並促使他們覺察自己在早期記憶與適應困擾問題中持續呈現的自我信念、外界知覺、兩難困境和解決策略,以及有助他們從此覺察過程中,自行適當地解釋其對早期記憶與適應困擾問題之間的關聯性。以下分六點說明:
1. 本研究適應困擾大學生所呈現的問題內涵主要有五大 類,同時這些困擾問題也衍生出37項干擾情緒。
2. 本研究適應困擾大學生所覺察到的自我信念,計有九大類。
3. 本研究適應困擾大學生所覺察到的界在知覺,計有八 大向度,其中負向知覺有17項,正向知覺有6 項。
4. 本研究適應困擾大學生所覺察到的兩難困境,計有七 大類。
5. 本研究適應困擾大學生所覺察到的解決策略,計有積極與消極兩大策略,共計有15種方法。
6. 十六位適應困擾普遍認可早期記憶的影響,表示來自 早期所形成的自我概念以及行為模式,或正或負影響他們對困擾問的態度與因應。探究其主要的解釋因素,主要有10項。
二、 早期記憶諮商模式對大學生的適應困擾問題具有解決或改善的效果,主要的改變如下:
1. 諮商之後,適應困擾大學生在「大學生生活適應量表」 上的百分等級較諮商之前提升。
2. 諮商之後,適應困擾大學生在「參與者自評表一」所呈現的情緒干擾較諮商之前獲得改善。
3. 諮商之後,適應困擾大學生的諮商目標達成程度皆在 50%以上。
4. 諮商之後,適應困擾大學生自陳的問題改善主要有認 知、情緒及行為三個向度,其中認知向度的改善最多,計有14項;行為向度有7 項:情緒向度有乙項。
三、 適應困擾大學生對早期記憶諮商模式及其諮商師的知覺情形,可歸納為四個向度,一是諮商關係建立,包含三個項目;二是諮商策略使用,有14個項目;三是對諮商師的個人知覺,有4個項目;四是其他建議事項,有3個項目。
整合本研究發現對早期記憶諮商模式、諮商師訓練、諮商實務、家庭教育、基礎教育以及未來研究提出建議。
關鍵字:早期記憶、早期記憶諮商模式、適應困擾、
大學生、覺察影響、諮商效果
The effect of the early recollection counseling model on college students awareness of maladaptive problems.
Su —Jean Wu
Abstract
The purpose of this thesis was to explore how the early recollection counseling model would affect college students’ awareness of their maladaptive problems and lead to effective counseling. Qualitative methodology was adopted for this research. Sixteen college students, who had maladaptive problems, participated in this research. Each participant received 4 to 10 sessions of individual counseling. All had been pre and post measured with the “Life Adaptation Scale”. The counseling transcripts, the participants’ self evaluation records, and the interview records following middle and ending counseling sessions were all submitted to analysis. The findings are as follows:
First of all, The early recollection counseling model showed that it helped college students with maladaptive problems understand their problems, and improve their awareness about the belief system of self, their perception of outer world, perceived dilemma, and the strategies of their problem-solving presented in their early recollections and maladaptive problems, also helped them to explain the relationship between early recollections and maladaptive problems.
The early recollection counseling model also had the effect of helping college students with maladaptive problems solve or
Correct their problems. The model has the following effects:
1. After counseling, all the participants’ percentile ranks shown on the post-measures of “Life Adaptation Scale”have increased greater than their pre-measures.
2. After counseling , the participants’ interfering emotion have reduced.
3. After counseling , the counseling goals of these college participants have attained above 50%.
4. After counseling , the participants reported that their maladaptive problem have been corrected in cognitive、affective and behavioral ways.
Lastly, the early recollections counseling model also showed that it helped both the clients and the counselor establish better counseling relationships and utilize suitable
counseling strategies.
Based on these findings , several suggestions are made regarding the early recollection counseling model, counselor training , counseling practice, family education, and elementary education. Suggestions for further research in the area are also mentioned.
Key words: early recollections, early recollections counseling
model, maladaptive problem, college student, awareness ,
counseling effect.
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