:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:發展遲緩幼兒課程應用成效之研究
作者:黃榮真 引用關係
作者(外文):Huang Yung Chen
校院名稱:國立臺灣師範大學
系所名稱:特殊教育研究所
指導教授:盧台華
學位類別:博士
出版日期:1999
主題關鍵詞:發展遲緩幼兒發展遲緩幼兒課程Developmentally Delayed PreschoolersCurriculum for Developmentally Delated Preschoolers
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:1
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:108
本研究旨在探討自編「發展遲緩幼兒課程」對於三至五歲發展 遲緩幼兒之應用成效。透過26位學者專家及實務工作者訪談,依 據課程內容初稿予以評鑑分析,進一步設計跨此六大領域之教學 內容,針對50位發展遲緩幼兒進行四個月班級實驗教學研究,之 後,並請11位試用此課程之教師評析其內容,以了解課程內容之 可行性與適切性,著手驗證、探討與修正。本研究之工具,包括有 「學齡前兒童行為發展量表」、「嬰幼兒發展測驗」、「發展遲緩 幼兒課程評量表」、「學生期末評量摘要報告表」、「實驗教學前 課程評鑑訪談記錄表」,以及「實驗教學後課程評鑑問卷」。所得 之資料分為量與質兩部分進行分析,在量的方面,分別採平均數、 標準差、百分比、t 考驗、單因子共變數分析等方式處理;在質的 方面,則針對訪談、問卷的意見,及學生期末評量摘要報告表未作 歸類的項目進行內容分析。本研究之主要發現如下: 一、對「發展遲緩幼兒課程」之意見(一) 專家學者及實務工作者對於「發展遲緩幼兒課程初稿」,大致持以正向評價,在26項評鑑項目中,有20個項目讓73%以上的受訪者認為是「極適當」與「適當」的。惟在六個領域間之橫向銜接宜跨領域呈現,增加基本活動與進階活動之內容份量,活動敘寫更淺顯清楚,考量學生所應具備的先備技能,使用較易取得之教學資源及運用社區現有的資源,以及延長教學時間。 (二) 受訪者認為「發展遲緩幼兒課程初稿」內容廣度與日常生活結合,以發展遲緩幼兒之身心發展特質及需要為考量;六個領域間之目標難易具有階段性排列,符合縱向連貫之發展性的課程理念;教學活動能引起學生學習興趣;基本架構所涵蓋的教學目標完整,步驟清楚;所穿插的歌曲,讓整個教學氣氛愉快。此外,受訪者也認為進階活動的設計構想頗佳,可供教師教學上的參考。(三) 在26位受訪者中,11位以上最常使用中重度智障者功能性教學綱要、香港協康會-兒童訓練指南,以及Portage早期教育課程,此三種常用課程(教材)具有教學目標清楚、著重實用性與功能性、教學內容與評量合一、教學活動簡單且生動、實驗嚴謹、以兒童發展之六大領域為主軸,以及考量各年齡階層發展之基本水準等特點。 (四)參與實驗教學教師使用「發展遲緩幼兒課程」之後,大部分給 予正面支持與回饋,26項評鑑項目中,有25個項目至少讓 80%以上的教學者勾選為「極適當」與「適當」。 (五)實際參與教學的教師提及試用「發展遲緩幼兒課程」,發現該 跨領域課程內容大都取自於日常生活之題材,實驗教學目標、 內容設計、文字敘述完整,可讓教師在教學上充分使用;實驗 教學活動內容活潑及多元化,提高學生學習興趣及主動參與的 動機,增進學生的學習成效。二、「發展遲緩幼兒課程」應用之成效(一)四個月實驗教學之後,實驗組受試在「學齡前兒童行為發展 量表」之八項分測驗及總分的表現顯著優於控制組,同時在 「概念理解」上的進步最為明顯。 (二) 實驗組受試在「嬰幼兒發展測驗」之「粗動作」及「語言」的表現顯著優於控制組,25位實驗組受試中,有20位受試在「精細動作及適應能力」之分測驗,看出實驗教學明顯的成效,而所有實驗組受試在「身邊處理及社會性」及總分上,發現實驗教學的成效。 (三)實驗組三、四、五歲之三個年齡層於「學齡前兒童行為發展 量表」及「嬰幼兒發展測驗」之各分測驗及總分的進步量皆 較控制組為高,並以四歲組「一般發展」及五歲組「身邊處 理及社會性」的進步情形最顯而易見。 (四) 實驗組在「發展遲緩幼兒課程評量表」六大領域及整體的表 現上,均顯著優於實驗前之表現。(五)在「學生期末評量摘要報告表」上,實驗組受試在粗大動作、精細動作、語言、社交、認知、生活自理之學習表現,較 未介入實驗教學前有明顯的進步,而且實驗組於六大領域通 過率比控制組為佳,其中最佳者為認知領域。(六) 實際從事實驗教學的教師認為課程內容提供學生多方面嘗試 、操作及演練的機會,班上學生很自然地從活動中學習許多 生活經驗與技能,學生之學習動機、學習專注力、主動參與 比率也大為增加,師生與同儕之間的互動關係良好,而且互 動比率提高。從發展遲緩幼兒在「發展遲緩幼兒課程」之六 大領域的進步表現,得知本研究經由班級實驗教學驗證之後 ,發現所設計的課程內容具有適切性。 (七) 試用本研究課程之教師一致肯定透過跨領域「發展遲緩幼兒課程」,提供教師整合型的教學方針;運用該課程進行實驗教學之後,試用教師也認為可增長教師教學的經驗及充實學 生學習的歷程,提供師生正向的回饋。 根據上述結果,本研究分別對於課程內容、教學安排、未來課 程設計及未來後續研究,提出相關的建議。
The Application Effects of a Self-designed Curriculum for Developmentally Delayed Preschoolers AbstractThe main purpose of this study was to explore the applicationeffects of a self-designed curriculum for developmentally delayed preschoolers. The subjects included 26 experts and teachers inthe first draft curriculum evaluation interview, 50 age three tofive developmentally delayed preschoolers during the experimentalteaching session, and 11 teachers participated in the experimentalfor the final curriculum evaluation interview. Data were gathered by Minnesota Child Development Inventory (CCDI), Denver Developmental screening test (DDST), a self-designed developmentally delayed curriculum checklist, a teacher report checklist, and boththe pre-experimental curriculum evaluation form and post-experimental curriculum evaluation form. Data were analyzedby both quantitative(t test, one-way analysis of covariance, etc.) and qualitative methods.The main findings were:1. For the opinions of the curriculum for developmentally delayed preschoolers,(1) most of the experts and teachers showed positive attitudestowards the first draft curriculum for developmentally delayed preschoolers.(2) over 40% of the interviewees presently used "curriculum outlines for the Moderately and Severely Mentally Retarded", " Kong Heep Hong Society for Handicapped Children Developmental Learning Package" and "Portage Early Education Program"as their early intervention curricula.(3) all participating in the experiment teachers gave positivesupport and high recommendation of the curriculum.(4) both pre-experimental and post-experimental interviewees thought curriculum content broadly connected with dailylife and very suitable for developmentally delayedpreschoolers. 2. On the application effects of " curriculum for developmentally delayed preschoolers"(1) after four-month instruction, experimental group subjects'' performances were significantly higher than those of the control group in CCDI. (2) experimental group subjects were significantly better than control group subjects in gross motor, language, and self-care and social skills in DDST. 80% of the subjects in fine motor and adaptive ability subtest was significantly better than control group. (3) experimental group was significantly better than before in all performances of the self-designed developmentally delayed curriculum checklist. (4) on teacher report checklist, experimental group'' performances in gross motor , fine motor, language, social skills, cognitive and self-care were all better than those of the control group. Based on the above findings, some suggestions were made forcurriculum content, teaching design, and future research.
一、中文部分 王文科(民77):課程論。台北:五南。 王文科(民83a):課程與教學論。台北:五南。王文科(民83b):認知發展理論與教育-皮亞傑理論的應用。台北:五南。王天苗(民71):殘障兒童早期教育課程與實施。特教季刊,6,頁5- 11。 王佩玲(民86):幼兒發展評量與輔導。台北:心理。王淑清(民81):蒙特梭利實驗教學法與單元設計教學法對幼兒身體動作發展影響之比較研究。國立台灣師範大學家政研究所碩士論文。 方炳林(民72):國小課程發展。台北:正中。 毛連塭(民78):特殊教育行政。台北:五南。中華民國智障者家長總會(民83):心智障礙者家長手冊。中華民國智障者家長總會。中華民國智障者家長總會(民84):心智障礙者家長手冊。中華民國智障者家長總會。 吳幼妃(民69):社經地位、智力、性別及城鄉背景與兒童語言能力關係之研究。教育學刊,第2期,頁93-119。 吳淑美(民81):發展遲緩幼兒在回歸主流教育安置下社會互動、社會地位及發展能力之研究。特殊教育學報,第7期,頁45-83。吳純純(民76):精細動作。載於身心發展遲緩兒童進階學習教材教法。彰化縣政府教育局。吳純純(民82):特殊幼兒知動訓練。載於特殊幼兒教育。台北市立師範學院特殊教育中心。 吳鼎(民63):中西課程理論基礎。載於課程研究。台北:商務。呂翠華(民82):談發展障礙幼兒的早期語言介入。載於學前特殊教育的發展。中華民國特殊教育學會年刊。何東墀(民75):智能不足者需要功能性的課程。特教園丁,1卷2期,頁13-14。何素華(民83):課程篇。載於啟智教育教師工作手冊。國立台北師範學院特殊教育中心。林秀錦(民84):玻達基早期教育方案對唐氏症幼兒認知技能發展的影響。國立彰化師範大學特殊教育研究所碩士論文。林麗英(民87):發展遲緩兒童之語言溝通訓練。載於台北市八十七年度社會工作人員發展遲緩兒童早期療育培訓手冊,台北市政府社會局。林寶貴(民74):特殊教育課程設計之理論與實際。又嘉特殊教育研究會。 林寶貴(民83):語言障礙與矯治。台北:五南。周台傑(民83):論高職階段啟智學校(班)課程之規劃。特教新知通訊,1卷6期,頁2-3。 協康會(1991):兒童訓練指南。香港:協康會。 協康會(1996):兒童發展手冊。香港:協康會。 胡永崇、何東墀(民81):智能不足者的認知和發展:發展取向與差異取向的爭議。特教新知通訊。 柯平順(民84):嬰幼兒特殊教育。台北:心理。 胡月娟(民80):實用人類發展學。台北:匯華。洪智萍(民84):幼稚園大班教師教學行為與幼兒社會行為之關係研究。國立台灣師範大學家政研究所碩士論文。 高廣孚(民73):杜威教育思想。台北:水牛。 徐澄清、廖佳鶯、余秀麗(民80):嬰幼兒發展測驗。台北:杏文。 張永青(民78):嬰幼兒發展學。台北:合記。張春興(民78):張氏心理學辭典。台北:東華。張瑩如(民77):先天性心臟病學齡前兒童手術後之溝通行為。國立台灣大學醫學院護理學研究所碩士論文。教育部特殊教育工作小組(民87a):台灣地區發展遲緩幼兒人口調查研究。教育部。教育部特殊教育工作小組(民87b):特殊教育課程研發單位設立模式規劃研究。教育部。 郭煌宗(民85):發展遲緩兒童早期療育轉介中心實驗計劃-花蓮地區執行成果報告。載於全國發展遲緩兒童早期療育服務研討會。內政部。郭煌宗(民86):麻煩小天使-發展遲緩兒童的認識及其居家瘵育。台北市立師範學院特殊教育中心。 郭煌宗(民87):發展遲緩兒童早期治療教育之專業領域簡介。載於發展遲緩兒童早期治療教育。中華民國小兒神經醫學會。許澤銘(民82):特殊幼兒生活訓練。載於特殊幼兒教育。台北市立師範學院特殊教育中心。 郭孝貞(民77):父母婚姻關係、親子關係與其幼兒社會行為相關研究。私立中國文化大學兒童福利研究所碩士論文。 陳伯璋(民73):潛在課程研究之評析。國立臺灣師範大學教育研究所博士論文。 陳李綢(民81):認知發展與輔導。台北:心理。 陳英三(民84):特殊兒童教材教法。台北:五南。 陳淑琦(民85):幼兒教育課程設計。台北:心理。 陳靜江(民82):學前身心障礙兒童教育模式之研究。國立高雄師範大學特殊教育中心印。 黃世鈺(民85):角落教學法與講述教學法對高低智力幼兒認知學習效果之影響。國立彰化師範大學特殊教育研究所博士論文。黃世鈺(民86):特殊幼兒教學設計探討。載於八十六學年度教育學術研討會論文集。台北:教育部。 黃政傑(民80):課程設計。台北:東華。 黃炳煌(民80):課程理論之基礎。台北:文景。 黃意舒(民76)我國幼稚園課程發展模式質的分析研究。國立臺灣師範大學家政教育研究所碩士論文。 黃意舒(民84):幼兒精細肌肉活動與握筆姿勢之研究。台北市立 師範學院幼兒教育學系。國科會專題研究報告NSC-84-2411-H-133-003 。 黃榮真(民81):啟智教養機構教保人員工作滿意、工作壓力及其 因應方式之研究。國立彰化師範大學特殊教育研究所碩士論文。 黃榮真、蕭金土、李乙明(民83):幼兒「非語文智力測驗」修訂之 研究。特殊教育學報,第9期,頁339-375。 黃榮真(民87):「發展遲緩幼兒教學活動」對發展遲緩幼兒應用成效之研究。特殊教育與復健學報,第6期,頁279-306。 彭駕騂(民53):課程的設計與評鑑。台北:台灣書店。 程景琳(民81):母親對初學語言的幼兒所提供之單詞語意訊息。國 立台灣大學心理學研究所碩士論文。 傅秀媚(民86):特殊幼兒教材教法。台北:五南。 歐用生(民75):課程發展的基本原理。高雄:復文。 劉安彥(民67):心理學。台北:三民。 蔡清田(民81):泰勒課程理論之發展。國立臺灣師範大學教育研究 所碩士論文。 鄭昭明(民83):認知心理學。台北:桂冠。 鄭蕤(民79):幼兒語文教學研究。台北:五南。 鄭麗玉(民82):認知心理學。台北:五南。 盧台華(民77):早期鑑定與教育。載於我國特殊教育的回顧與展望 。中華民國特殊教育學會年刊。盧台華(民82):特殊班教學設計。載於特殊教育研習專集。國立嘉義師範學院特殊教育中心。 盧台華(民85):「修訂基礎數學編序教材」相關因素之探討及對身 心障礙者應用成效之研究。台北:心理。 盧台華(民87):身心障礙學生課程教材之研究與應用。載於中華民國 特殊教育學會成立30週年慶祝活動特殊教育工作坊研習手冊。中華民國特 殊教育學會。 盧素碧(民73)幼兒教育課程理論與單元活動設計。台北:文景。 雙溪啟智文教基金會(民76):Portage早期教育手冊。財團法人雙 溪啟智文教基金會。 蘇建文等 (民80):發展心理學。台北:心理。 蘇建文等 (民85):兩歲前嬰幼兒的動作發展。載於0-6歲幼兒發展 入門。台北:信誼基金會。 蘇順發(民80):由課程理論之基礎評析我國高中英文課程目標與內 容。國立政治大學教育研究所碩士論文。二、英文部分 Allen,K.E.(1992). The exceptional children : Mainsteaming in early childhood education. (2nd Ed.). New York : Delmar Publication Inc. Allen, P.(1995).Working with parents - Do children need friends? Day care and early education, 22(3),43-44. Argyle, M. (1972). Non-verbal communication in human social interaction. In R. Hinde (Ed.), Non-verbal communication .London: University Press. Baily, E. J., & Bricker, D. (1985). Evaluation of a three year early intervention demonstration project. Topics in early childhood special education quarterly, 5(2), 52-65. Bailey,D.B.&Wolery,M.(1989). Assessing infants and preschoolers with handicaps. Ohio:Merrill. Barnett, W. S., & Escobar, C. M. (1987). The economics of early educational intervention : A review. Review of educational research, 57(4),387-414. Bates, E., Bretherton, I. &Snyder, L.(1988).From first words to grammar : Individual differences and dissociable mechanisms. New York : Cambridge University Press. Bayley N.(1993).Bayley scales of infant development. (3th.Ed.).Orlando:Psychological corporation. Beane, J.A., Toepfer, C.F., Alessi, S.J. (1986).Curriculum planning and development. Boston : Allyn and Bacon. Beauchamp,G.A.(1981). Curriculum theory (4th ed.). Illinois: F. E .Peacock. Bee,H.(1992).The developing child . New York : Harper Collins College. Bellman,M.&Cash,J.(1987).The schedule of growing skills. England:NFER-NELSON. Benelli, C.,& Yongue, B.(1995). Supporting young children''s motor skill development. Childhood education,71(4),217-220. Berdine,W.H.&Meyer,S.A.(1987).Assessment in special education.Boston:Brown Company. Berk,L.E.(1994). Infant and children prenatal through early childhood . Boston:Allyn and Bacon. Berkowitz, G.(1987). Social skills training. In C.R.Reynolds, &L. Mann (Eds.). Encyclopedia of special education . New york : John Wiley and Sons Inc. Bernstein, D.K., &Tiegerman, E. (1989). Language and communication. New York : Macmillnn. Berry,M.F.(1969).Language disorder of children:The basic and diagnosis. New York :Appleton-Century. Bowe,F.G.(1995).Birth to five early childhood special education. New York:Thomson Publishing Company. Bricker,D.B.&Cripe,J.J.W.(1992).An activity-based approach to early intervention.Maryland:Brookes Publishing Company. Brieker,D.(1997).Assessment, evaluation, and programming system for infants and children,Volume 1:AEPS measurement for birth to three years. Maryland: Brookes Publishing Company. Brimer,R.W.(1990).Students with severe disabilities: Current perspectives and practices. Californic:Mayfield Publishing Company. Brewer,J.A.(1992). Introducation to early childhood education. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Bruner,J.S.(1964).The course of cognitive growth. American psychologist, 19,1-15. Burkhart,L.T.(1987).Using computers and speech synthesis to facilitate communicative interaction with young and/or severely handicapped . College Park ,MD. Cartledge , G., &,J.F. (Eds.)(1986). Teaching social skill to children (2nd ed.). Boston : Allyn and Bacon. Case-Smith,J.,Allen,A.S.&Pratt.P.N.(1996).Occupational therapy for children.(3th.Ed). Missouri:Times Mirror Company. Case-Smith, J., & Pehoski, C.(1992). Development of hand skills in children. The American Occupational Therapy Association. CEC (1998). IDEA 1997 let''s make it work. The council for exceptional children. Chesteen, H. E. J.(1966). Effectiveness of the head start program in enhancing school readiness of culturally deprived children. (ERIC Document Reproduction Services .No ED 020771). Cole, O. J.,&Washington, V. (1986). A critical analysis of the assessment of the effects of Head Start on Minority children. Journal of Negro education , 55, 91-106. Combs, M. F. (1984). Early active intervention upon areas of development in the Down''s syndrome child. (ERIC Document Reproduction Services .No ED 246590). Connis, R.T, (1979). The effects of sequential picturialcues, self-recording and praise on the job-task sequencing of retarded adults. Journal of applied behavior analysis, 12, 355-361. Cooper, J.M.,&Reynell, J. (1978). Helping language development: A development program for childrem for children with early language handicaps. Edward Arnold. Copeland,M.E.&Kimmel,J.R.(1989).Evaluation and management of infants and young children with developmental disabilities. Maryland:Brookes publishing company. Cullen, J.M., Halliday, D.R.,& Kolb, M.O.(1982). Developmental hand dysfunction - Theory assessment treatment. Maryland : RAMSCO Publishing Company. Denny, M.R. (1964).Research in learning and performance.In H.A. Steven & Heber (Ed.), Mental Retardation : A Reviewof Research. pp100-142. Chicago : University of Chicago Press Deweerd ,J. (1981). Early education services for children with handicaps-Where have we been, Where are we now, and Where are we going? Journal of the division for early childhood, 2 ,15-24. Doll,R.C.(1992).Curriculum improvement :Decision making and process (8th ed.).Boston:Allyn and Bacon. Drew, C.J., Hardman, M.L., &Logan, D.R. (1996). Mental retardation (6th ed.).New Jersey :Merrill. Dunn,L.M., Dunn,L.M.,& Smith, J.O. (1981). Peabody language development Kits-Revised lesson Manual Two. (level 2). Minn: American Guidance Service. Elkind,D.&Flavell, J.H.(1969).Studies in cognitive development - Essays in Honor of Jean Piaget .New York : Oxford University Press. Ellis, N.R. (1963). The stimulus trace and behavioral inadequacy. In N.R. Ellis(Ed.). Handbook of mental deficiency . Psychological theory and research.New York : McGraw-Hill. Ender , U. M. (1998). The efficacy of the educational services on disadled preschool children''s development in Izmir . The 7th international Portage Conference . Erikson,J.,Vater,S.Provence,S.&Palmeri,S.(1995). Infant- toddler developmental assessment.Chicago:Riverside publishing company. Fallen,N.H.&Umansky,W.(1985).Young children with special needs.(2nd.ed.).Ohio:Merrill Publishing Company. Fisher, M.A. &Zeaman, D. (1973). An attention-retention theory of retardate discrimination learning. In Ellis, R. (Ed.). The international review of research in mental retardation (v.2). new York : Academic Press. Flinchum, B.M. (1975). Motor development in early childhood - A guide for movement education. London :Henry Kimpton. Foster, S.L., &Ritchey, W.l. (1979). Issues in the assessment of social competence in children .Journal of applied behavior analysis, 12, 625-638. Furuno,S.,O''Reilly,K.A.,Inatsuka, T.A.,Hosaka,C.M.&Falbey, B.Z.(1993).Helping babies learn-Developmental profiles and activities for infants and toddlers. Arizona: Communication Skill builders. Gallahue, D.L.&Ozmun, J.C.(1998). Understanding motor development. Boston : McGraw-Hill Book Company. Gentner,D.(1982).Why nouns are learned before verb:Linguistic relativity versus natural partitioning.InS. Kuczaj (Ed.),Language development:Language, culture, andcognition. Hillsdale, New Jersey:Lawrence Erlbaum. Ginsburg,H.P.&Opper,S.(1988).Piaget''s theory of intellectual development.Englewood Cliffs,New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Gleitman,L.R.,& E.(1988).Current issues in language learning. In M.H.Bornstein &M.E. Lamb(Eds.),Developmental psychology : An advanced textbook (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, N J: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Gottman, J.(1975). Social interaction, social competence, and friendship in children. Child development,46 ,pp 709-718. Graham, M., & Bryant, D. (1993). Developmentally appropriate environments for children with special needs. Infant and young children, 5(3), 31-42. Gray,S.W., ramsey, B.K.,&Klaus, R.A. (1982).From 3 to20:The early training project. Baltimore :University Park Press. Green,S. &Marler ,P.(1979). The analysis of animal communication . In P. Marler &J.G. Vandenbergh(Eds.). Handbook of behavioral neurobiology III:Social behavior and communication (pp.73-143),New York : Plenum Press. Gross,T.E.(1985).Cognitive development.Monterey,CA: Brooks/ Cole Publishing Company. Grubar, J. C. (1996). Comparison of sleep pattens in children with intellectual disabilities and children with Autism. (ERIC Document Reproduction Services .No ED 405666). Hahn,J.F.&Lopater,S.(1977).Psychology:Basic principles. To-towa:Littlefield,Adams and Company Hanson,M.J.&Lynch(1995).Early intervention.(2nd.ed.). Texas:Austin. Harris,M.(1992).Language experience and early language development: From input to uptake. In P. Bryant, G. Butterworth &H. Mcgurk (Ed.). Essays in developmental psychology. England : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Hartup, W.W. (1983). Peer relation. In Mussen, P.H., Handbook of children psychology, Vol.4. New York : John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Hebb,O.O.(1949). The organization of behavior.New York : Wiley &Sons. Hersen,M.,&Bellack, A.S.(1977). Assessment of social skills. In Giminero, A.R. et.al.,(eds.).Handbook for behavioral assessment. New York : John Wiley and Sons. Hickmann, M. (1986). Psychosocial aspects of language acquisition. In P. Fletcher, & M. Garman (Eds.), Language acquisition .( pp9-29). New York : Cambridge University Press. Horstmeir, D.S. & MacDonald , J.D. (1978). Environment prelanguage battery. Columbus : Charles, E. Merrill. Hughes,J.N.&Hall,R.J. (1987). A proposed model for the assessment of children''s social competence. Professional school psychology,2,247-260. Hughes,F.P. ,Noppe,L.D. ,Noppe,I.C.(1996). Child development. New Jersey :Prentice-Hall. Illingworth R.S.(1983).The development of the infant and young child.(8th. Ed.). New York :Broadway. Johnson, D.L.,Swank,P., Howie, V.M.,Baldwin, C.D., Owen, M., &Louttman,D.(1993).Does Home add to the prediction of child intelligence over and above SES ? Journal of genetic psychology, 154, 33-40. Kaczmarek,L.A.(1990).Teaching spontaneous language to individuals with severe handicaps :A Matrix Model . The association for persons with severe handicaps, 15(3) ,160-169. Karnes, M. B., &Lee., R.C. (1978). Early childhood . Reston, VA: The council for exceptional children. Karnes,M.B., Beauchamp K.D.F. &Pfaus D.B.(1993).PEECH : A nationally validated early childhood special education model. Topics in early childhood special education,13(1) ,120-135. Katims, D. S. (1991). Emergent literacy in early childhood special education: curriculum and instruction. Topics in early childhood special education,11(1),69-84. Kelly, A.V.(1986). Knowledge and curriculum planning . London : Harper and Row. Kephart, N.(1976).Perceptual-motor aspects of learning disabilities. New York:Appleton Century Crofts. Kirk,S.A.&Gallagher ,J.J. (1983). Educating exceptional children(4th ed.).Boston:Houghton Mifflin Company . Klausmeier, H.J. (1979). Cognitive learning and development : Information - processing and Piagetian perspectives. Wisconsin : Ballinger Publishing Company. Lerner,J. ,Mardell-Czudnowski,C.& Goldenberg,D.(1987). Special education for the early childhood years. (2nd ed.).Englewood Cliffs,N J :Pentice- Hall. Lewis,M.(1978).Language, cognitive development, and personality. Annual progress in child psychiatry and child development.pp.189-205. Lewis,M.(1995).Theoretical perspectives : The role of emotion in development. Chicago : Riverside Publishing Company. Lindfors, J.W. (1991). Children''s language and learning. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Long, D.D. (1984).The development and implementation of a modified language experience approach to a reading program for pre-operational child. (ERIC Document Reproduction Services .No ED 269132). Lowenthal, B.(1996). Teaching social skills to preschoolers with special needs. Childhood education, 72(3), 137-140. Lynech , E.W.&Lewis, R.B.(1988).Exceptional children and adults : An introduction to special education. Boston : Scott, Foresman Company. Maier,H.W.(1978). Three theories of child development. (3rd). New York, London Happer, International Edition. MacMill, D.L., (1971). The problem of motivation in the education of the mentally retarded. Exceptional children, 37, 579-586. Mann, L. (1974). Social development: self help skills. A performance-based early childhood special education teacher preparation program. (ERIC Document Reproduction Services .No ED 108765). Mapes,M.K. ,Mapes,J.C. ,&Lian,M.J. (1988). Education of children with disabilities from birth to three. Illinois:Charles .C. Thomas. Mastropieri, M.A., White, K.R., &Fecteau , F.(1986). Introduction to special education textbooks : What they say about the efficacy of early intervention. Joural of the division for early childhood ,11(1),59-66. McCarthy,D.(1930).The language development of the preschool children. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota press. McNeil , J.D.(1990). Curriculum - A comprehensive introduction. London : A Division of Scott, Foresman Company. Micklo, S. J. (1995). Developing young children''s classification and logical thinking skills. Childhood education , 72(1).24-28. Minifie , F.D. (1994).Introduction to communication sciences and disorders. California : Singular Publishing Group , Inc. Munavver , F.(1998). Field testing of the Pakistani mondel of the Portage guide to early education-Parents can be a powerful teacher of their children.The 7th international Portage Conference . Nespeca ,S.M.(1995).Parental involvement in emergent literacy skills of urban Head Start children. Early child development and care ,111, 153-180. Newborg , J.,Stock,J.R.&Wnek,L.(1988). Battelle developmental inventory.U.S.:Houghton Mifflin Company. Orelove ,F.P. &Sobsey ,D. (1991) Educating children with multiple disabilities .Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co. Owens,R.E. (1992).Language development:An introduction (3rd ed.). New York : Macmillum. Peniston, e.(1975). An evaluation of the Portage project : A comparison of a home-visit program for multiply handicapped preschoolers and Head start program. Paper presented at the Annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association.( ERIC Document production Services .No ED 112570). Peterson , C.A.(1991).Factors affecting intervention integrity and individual child outcome in social interaction skills training. Joural of applied behavior analysis, 15, 477-492. Peterson , C.A., &McConnell, S.R. (1993).Factors affecting the impact of social interaction skills interventions in early childhood special education.Topics in early childhood special education,13(1),38-56. Peterson, C.A., McConnell, S. R. (1996). Factots related to intervention integrity and child outcome in social skills interventions. Journal of early intervention,20(2), 146-164. Philip,R. (1987). Trends and issues in special education for the mentally retarded . In Samul ,A.K. & Lord,F.E.(eds.).Exceptional Children:Educational Resources and Prespectives. New York :McGraw -Hill Book Company.pp45-50. Piaget,J.(1963). The origins of intelligence in children. New York :W.W. Norton. Pulaski, M.A.S. (1980). Understanding Piaget - An introduction to children''s cognitive development. New York : Harper and Row. Reed,S.K.(1988).Cognition:Theory and applications. Pacific Grove, Ca.:Brook/Coles. Richmond, P.G. (1970). An introduction to Piaget. London : Routledge and Kegan Paul. Robinson ,C.C.&Robinson,J.H. (1978). Sensorimotor functions and cognitive development . In M.E. Snell(Ed.), Systematic instruction of the modderately and severely handicapped ( 2nd Ed.). Ohio:Merrill Publishing Company. Robinson,C.C.& Robinson ,J.H. (1983). Sensorimotor functions and cognitive development . In M.E. Snell Systematic instruction of the moderately and severely handicapped (3rd Ed.). Ohio:Merrill Publishing Company. Rosser,R.(1994).Cognitive development-psychological and biological perspective. New York: Ally and Bacon. Rothenberg,M.G.(1981). Cognition . The Encyclopedid American Vol.7. Danbury:Grolier Incorporated. Saarni, C. &Harris, P. L. (1989). Children''s understanding of emotion. New York : Cambridge University Press. Salisbury, C. L., & Smith, B.J. (1993). Effective practices for preparing young children with disabilities for school. (ERIC Document Reproduction Services .No ED 358675). Sanders ,D.A.(1976). A model for communication. In L. Lloyd(Ed.).Communication assessment and intervention strategies(pp.1-32).Baltimor: University Park Press. Schweinhart, L.J., &Weikart, D.P.(1980).Young children grow up : The effects of the Perry preschool program on youths through age 15. Ypsilanti, MI: High scope Educational research foundation. Schopler,E. Lansing,M. Water ,L.&Davis,M. H. (1983). Teaching activities for autistic children . Baltimore :University Park Press. Schwartz,S.L.&Robison,H.F.(1982). Designing curriculumfor early childhood. Boston :Allyn and Bacon. Scruggs, T. E. (1988). Early intervention for developmental functioning : A quantitative synthesis of single-subject research. Journal of the division for early childhood, 12(4), 359-367. Shearer, M.S., &Shearer , D.E. (1972). The Portage project: a model for early childhood education. In cooperation educational service agency (Ed.). Portageproject reading anniversary edition (pp9-11). Portage wis.(ERIC Document Reproduction Services .No ED 196242). Sheehan, R., & Sites, J. (1989). Implications of P.L.99-457 for assessment. Topics in early childhood specialeducation , 8(4), pp103-115. Shulman , S. &Rubinroit ,C. (1988). Early intervention: Effectiveness on children with special needs.International Journal of special education ,3(2), 151-160. Skilbeck, M. (1989). Revitalizing the core curriculum. Journal of curriculum and supervision, 4(3), 197-210. Smith, B.J.(1988). Does early intervention help? (ERIC Document Reproduction Services .No ED 295399). Solso,R.L.(1995).Cognitive psychology.(4th. Ed.).Boston:Allyn and Bacon. Spitz, H. H. (1973). The role of input organization in the learning and menory of mental retardates. In N.R. Ellis (ed.). International review of research in mental retardates.(V.2). New york : Academic Press. Sukiennicki,D.A.(1971).The developmental therapist. Ohio:Merrill. Taba,H.(1962). Curriculum development : Theory intopractice. New York : Harcourt, Brace, and World. Taiko, I. (1998). Case study with atypical development in the language and cognitive areas of the Portage Program. The 7th international Portage Conference . Teruko, O. (1998). Application of the Portage program to children with multiple and profound disabilities associated with delays in motor development. The 7th international Portage Conference . Tough, J.(1977).The development of meaning: A study of children''s use of language. Landon: Allen and Unwin LTD. Tremblay,A.(1981).Social interactions of normally developing preschool children : Using normative data for subject and target behavior selection. Behavior modification ,5,pp237-253. Tymchuk ,A.J.,Simmons ,J.Q.&Neafsey,S. Intellectual characteristics of adolescent childhood psychotics with high verbal ability . Journal of mental deficiency research ,21(2),133-138. Vance, H.R. (1987). Social behavior of the handicapped.In C.R. Reynolds, & L. Mann (Eds.). Encyclopedia of special education . New York : John Wiley and Sons Inc. Wehman,P. ,Renzaglia,A..& Bates,P.(1985). Functional living skills for moderately and severely handicappedindividuals . Austin,TX:Pro-Ed. Weiss , R. S.(1980). Effectiveness of an early intervention program for young handicapped children. (ERIC Document Reproduction Services .No ED 204987). Williams,H.(1983). Perceptual and motor development. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall. Williams,P.(1988). A glossary of special education. Philadelphia :Open University Press. Wortham, S. C. (1984). Organizing instruction in early childhood - A handbook of assessment and activities. Boston : Allyn and Bacon. Yamaguchi, K.(1987). The Japanse adaptation of Portage early intervention model and some results.( ERIC Document Reproduction Services .No ED 292271). Ysseldke,J.E.&Algozzine:Pro-Ed.B.(1990). Introduction to special education . (2nd ed.). Boston:Houghton Mifflin company. Ysseldke,J.E.&Algozzine,B.&Thurlow,M.L.(1992). Critical issues in special education . Boston:Houghton Mifflin company. Zeaman , D., &House, B.J. (1963). Attention theory of retardate discrimination learning. In N.R. Ellis (Ed.). Handbook of mental deficiency. New York : McGraw-Hill. Zeaman , D., &House, B.J. (1979). In N.R. Ellis (2nd ed.). Handbook of mental deficiency. N J: Lamrence Erlbaum. Zigler,E. (1973). The retarded child as a whole person. In D.K. Routh (ed.). The experimental psychology of mental retardation . Chicago : Aldine. Zigler,E.&Muenchow,S.(1992).Head Start :The inside story of America''s most successful educational experiment. New York :Basic Books.
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
QR Code
QRCODE