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題名:台灣柑橘產銷問題之研究-冬季青果替效果分析
作者:黃哲悠
作者(外文):Huang, Chu-Yu
校院名稱:國立臺灣大學
系所名稱:農業經濟學研究所
指導教授:江榮吉
學位類別:博士
出版日期:1999
主題關鍵詞:柑桔椪柑柳橙桶柑各類雜柑替代性citrus fruitsponkanlin-cheng orangetankanall sorts of orangessubstitution.
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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我國進入WTO後勢必開放各種農產品市場,水果市場亦不例外。因此有關加入WTO後對農業影響的研究不斷出爐。政府亦砸下大量金錢因應;如離農、離牧補助、輔導轉業等政策措施。如果離農、離牧後農民無法覓得其他適當工作,那這些過慣安逸生活的人該如何維生,政府是否再砸下更多金錢讓其維生?當然不是,與其離農、離牧;棄守農、牧業不如研究另一套因應對策以為長遠之計。所以在制定對策前應徹底的了解產業之產銷特質,清楚知道未來危機何在?生存之道何在?所以本文之最終目的即在以生產者之角度來探索柑桔產業現存的問題及優勢。
國產柑桔種類很多但不論是產值、產量或栽種面積以椪柑、柳橙、桶柑為最多,所以本文有關柑桔產銷問題之研究以此三者為主。有關產銷問題所衍生出之冬季青果替代效果問題;由於資料之限制及桶柑採收季節差異,所以研究範圍以椪柑、柳橙、香蕉、番石榴、香瓜為主。資料則為1970-1997年間之年資料。
經由本文之分析,對於柑桔產業現存的問題及解決方式,其結論如下:
一、經試驗結果適合台灣生產之柑桔種類相當的多;且消費者反應良好,所以在消費者導向之生產結構下,柑桔類產品產期集中;易產生供需失衡壓力的問題可藉由品種多樣化的搭配及柑桔儲藏期限高達數個月之特性來解決。
二、國產柑桔之生產成本偏高主要源自於採收成本偏高所致,而採收成本之所以偏高起因於國產柑桔大都鮮果食用;國人消費習性則偏好含有果蒂之柑桔。與其為降低生產成本而改變消費者消費習性,不如善佳利用此一消費習性使之成為區隔市場之基礎。
三、國產柑桔之運銷成本偏高主要源自於運銷商暴利心態,使得運銷價差大;農民未得到合理利潤及運銷通路過雜、過長。應鼓勵民間或政府出面興建物流中心;一方面可以降低運銷階段中間商之不合理利潤,一方面讓產銷資訊在消費者與生產者間透明化。
Abstract Production and Marketing Problems of Citrus Fruit Industry in Taiwan-The Analysis of The Subsitution Effect Between Winter Fruits
After our country joins WTO, all agricultural products are bound to be open in the market. There is no exception to the fruits market. As a result, studies on agriculture impact after joining WTO have been published one after another. To cope with such situation, the government has spent lots of money to take the following measures to reduce possible damage, such as subsidies for farmers who abandon farming and animal husbandry, and assistances to change jobs, and so on. How would the government do if the farmers who abandon their farming and animal husbandry cannot find another good jobs? How can those who used to live comfortably support themselves? Would the government spend more money to help them to make a living?Certainly not. Instead of abandoning farming, animal husbandry, we shall study on the countermeasures which may serve as a long-term plan. Before we make countermeasures, we shall have a thorough understanding of production and marketing, and realize what is the problem in the future? How can we survive? The article is aimed to explore the existing problems and advantages of the citrus fruit industry
The locally produced citrus fruits are various in their kinds. In terms of production values, production quantity and planting area, Ponkan, Lin-cheng orange and tankan are the most of all kinds. So we choose these three kinds as our study on production and marketing problems, which generate the issue of subsitution of winter fruits. Due to the limitation of information, differences of harvest season, we focus on Ponkan, Lin-cheng orage, banana, guava, melon. We refer to the information from 1970 - 1997.
Analysis has been made in this article. As to the existing problems and their solutions in the citrus fruit industry, the summary are given as follows:
1. Through experiment, we found there are plenty of kinds of citrus fruits in Taiwan and they are well-accepted by consumers. Under the consumer-orient production structure, the citrus fruits are produced at a rather concentrated production period. This may lead a demand and balance problem. Yet the problem can be solved by a combination of variety of fruit kinds, and long storage period of the citrus fruits, which can be store for few months.
2. The local-produced citrus fruits are high in cost, mostly because of a higher harvest cost. The higher harvest cost also comes from the fact that people here are in the habit of eating fresh citrus fruits. The people in Taiwan prefer eating citrus with grip. So if we can take a good use of the consumers'' habits, market segmentation can be formed accordingly.
3. The marketing prices of local produced citrus fruits are high, mainly because of high profits of middlemen. As a result, the marketing margins become greater. In addition, the farmers do not get their fair profits. On the other hand, the marketing channels are too complicated and too long. To solve these problems, we shall encourage civilians or the government to build distribution centers, which enable to cut the unreasonable profits caused by the marketing process. On the other hand, the marketing information can be more transparent between consumers and producers.
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