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題名：固定基底型小汽車駕駛模擬系統開發之驗證研究
作者：張劭卿
作者(外文)：Chang,Shaw Ching
校院名稱：國立成功大學
系所名稱：交通管理學系
指導教授：何志宏
學位類別：博士
出版日期：1999
主題關鍵詞：模擬系統驗證；駕駛模擬系統；跟車模式；車道變換模式；虛擬實境；System Validation；Driving Simulator；Car Following Model；Lane Changing model；Virtual Reality
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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系統驗證為模擬系統開發之最終關鍵程序，亦是確保模擬系統真實性的必要程序，然模擬系統之驗證常因難以兼具統計分析的客觀性及資料之隨機性，導致其在結果之判定上產生極大的困擾。有鑑於此，本研究乃提出以行為模式為基礎之「行為模式驗證法」，以有效解決傳統驗證法在統計與實務方面，難以兩全之困境。
本研究以固定基底型小汽車駕駛模擬系統之開發為例，逐步證明「行為模式驗證法」之可行性。首先，以「跟車行為模式」與相關文獻之現場實驗結果，來驗證「簡單型駕駛模擬裝置」；其次，係以實地蒐集資料並構建「車道變換決策模式」，來進行「固定基底型駕駛模擬系統」之開發與驗證。
本研究除了提出一全新之系統驗證概念外，並針對以下課題一一進行討論與分析，
1. 簡單型駕駛模擬實驗裝置之可用性
2. 有效進行微觀型車道變換實驗設計與資料蒐集之方法
3. 固定基底型駕駛模擬系統之構建、測試與資料蒐集之方法
4. 最佳模擬實驗環境之構建方法與模擬實驗程序
5. 行為模式驗證法之結果分析
6. 固定基底型駕駛模擬系統之應用
綜合以上之分析結果，本研究發展及應用「行為模式驗證法」，均可得到相當接近現場實驗資料的結果，顯示此觀念確具可行性。此外，本研究尚可提供下列各項資源，以進行更廣泛之駕駛模擬系統應用研究，
1. 簡單型駕駛模擬裝置之跟車動作驗證程序設計及實作方法，現場與模擬實驗車道變換駕駛動作之固定基底型駕駛模擬系統行為驗證程序規劃﹑設計方法。
2. 高精確度之車道變換現場實驗車輛軌跡資料庫﹑資料蒐集方法規劃，包括地點選擇﹑資料蒐集﹑資料簡化(Data Reduction)等規劃方法。
3. 固定基底型駕駛模擬系統，包括油門﹑煞車﹑離合器﹑方向盤﹑排檔桿等駕駛操控媒介；電腦影像產生電腦間溝通界面；監控電腦訊息接收與記錄界面；車輛推進方式之設定方法。
4. 台南市區中華陸橋之3D電腦影像物件資料庫，並以實物圖片增強電腦影像之真實度、市區高架橋車道變換模擬駕駛實驗行車狀況資料庫；模擬與現場實驗電腦影像校正程序設計及實作方法，以最接近現場實驗之駕駛狀態及行車狀況，提高駕駛者模擬駕駛實驗動機及其模擬駕駛績效表現結果之可信度。
5. 8種車道變換行車狀況模擬實驗環境。
6. 8位測試駕駛者，8種車道變換行車狀況，4種模擬實驗項目，總計645次之模擬駕駛實驗軌跡資料庫及13種資料分析項目巨集程式。
7. 駕駛模擬系統適應學習狀況分析方法﹑模擬影像內容與車輛推進之模擬駕駛影響性分析方法﹑車道變換軌跡形態分析、車道變換影響因素分析方法等駕駛模擬系統行為驗證實作方法。
System validation is the last key procedure of system development, also the required stage to ensure the reality of a simulation system. However, the validation result is often very hard to justify as well as considering both the statistical objectivity and the data of random nature. In this study, therefore, "the Validation Method with Human Behavior Model" is proposed to solve effectively the difficulty of traditional validation methods, which fail to consider the statistical and practical side simultaneously.
The feasibility of this validation method is verified step by step with the example of developing the fixed based driving simulator. First one is to validate the simplified driving simulation device by comparing to the field test results within the car following model-related literatures. By collecting the real world data and establishing the lane changing decision model, the fixed based driving simulator is then developed and validated.
In addition to propose a new system validation concept, there are still other issues being discussed in this study,
1. the usability of simplified driving simulation device
2. the method to collect data and to make a microscopic lane change experiment design effectively
3. the method to construct and test the fixed based driving simulator as well as to collect the simulation data
4. the construction method for the optimal simulation environment and the proper simulation procedure
5. the results of the Validation Method with Human Behavior Model
6. the application find outs of the fixed based driving simulator
The results of each item found above are very close to the field experimental data. It indicates that the Validation Method with Human Behavior Model is applicable to other simulation system. Further all products generated in this study can be applied to other studies as well.
1. the validation procedure design for simplified driving simulation device and fixed based driving simulator for car following behavior and lane changing behavior.
2. high accuracy of field test car trajectory database, the data collection method.
3. the fixed based driving simulator, including five frequent used car manipulated interfaces, throttle, brake, clutch, driving wheel and gear, the interface between driving simulator and the image generation computer, the interface between driving simulator and data monitoring and collecting computer, the virtual car progression method.
4. the 3D computer graphics object library with a real world picture enhanced for Tainan Chun Whua bridge, driving situation library for lane changing on the urban overpass, the design and implement for image geometric calibration procedure of simulation experiment
5. 8 kind of lane changing simulation scenarios
6. the car trajectory databases for 645 different driving simulations, including 8 different test drivers, 8 different lane changing scenarios and 4 simulation items, the 13 data analysis VBA macros.
7. the analysis methods for driving simulator adaptation, simulation content effeteness, lane chnaging trajectory, lane changing influence factors.
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