:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:轉換作業的機制
作者:李宏鎰
作者(外文):Horng-yih Lee
校院名稱:國立中正大學
系所名稱:心理學研究所
指導教授:謝淑蘭
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2001
主題關鍵詞:轉換虧損轉換作業
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(3) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:1
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:44
當人們在交替執行兩種不同的作業時,所花的時間會比僅執行單一作業時來得長。本研究假設這多出來的時間(轉換虧損)是由兩項因素所造成,即前項作業的促發作用與後項作業的準備不足所造成。然而以往大部份的研究都過於強調其中一項因素。所以本研究的主要目的是想說明準備論及促發論兩者各自的特色且指出它們可以一起解釋轉換虧損的成因。本研究實驗一在有促發作用的轉換作業下延長線索與刺激的時距,發現轉換虧損會隨著準備時間的充裕而減少,但是當線索與刺激的時距延長至2000毫秒,受試者有了充份的準備時仍然無法消除轉換虧損。實驗二則將促發作用去除,發現轉換虧損隨著線索與刺激的時距的增加而逐漸遞減至零。表示轉換作業在沒有促發作用的情況下,如果線索與刺激的時距太短,仍然會有轉換虧損,但此轉換虧損會因線索與刺激的時距的延長而減少,可見此轉換虧損是由準備不足所造成。由實驗一與實驗二證實轉換虧損主要是由促發作用及準備不足兩因素所造成。而本研究實驗三則是進一步證實採用單屬性的轉換作業確實是去掉了前項作業的促發作用。實驗四則是以練習的方式證實單屬性的轉換虧損確實是由準備不足所造成。實驗五則是用以往被視為是較支持促發論的研究策略來支持準備論,發現在單屬性的轉換作業中,轉換虧損是由後項作業所決定的。所以本研究有系統地整理出以往學者們研究轉換虧損的策略,指出其缺點並提出釐清的方法。說明重建論與促發論的特色,並指出單、雙屬性轉換作業中轉換虧損的成因。
參考文獻
葉素玲(1999)。視覺空間注意力。李江山(主編) 視覺與認知-視覺知覺與視覺運動系統 (頁次 291-324),台北:遠流出版。
Allport, D. A. (1988). Visual attention. In: Foundation of Cognitive Science(Ed. M.I. Posner), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
Allport, A, Styles, E. A., & Hsieh, S. (1994). Shifting intentional set: Exploring the dynamic control of tasks. In C. Umilta & M. Moscovitch (Eds.) Attention and Performance XV (pp.421-452), Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Allport, A. & Wylie G. (2000). Task-switching: positive and negative priming of task-set. In G. W. Humphreys, J. Duncan, and A. M. Treiman (Eds.). Attention, space and action: Studies in cognitive neuroscience. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Biederman, I. (1972). Human performance in contingent information processing tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 93, 219-238.
Biederman, I. (1973). Mental set and mental arithmetic. Memory & Cognition, 1, 383-386.
Brown, R. G., & Marsden, C. D.(1988). Internal versus external cues and the control of attention in parkinson’s disease. Brain, 111, 323-345.
Brown, R. G., & Marsden, C. D.(1990). Cognitive function in Parkinson‘s disease: from description to theory. Trends in Neuroscience, 13, 21-29.
De Jong, R. (1996). Cognitive and motivational determinants of switching costs in the task-switching paradigm. Paper presented at the IX ESCOP Conference, Wurzburg, Germany, September, 1996.
De Jong, R., Emans, B., Eenshuistra, R. & Wagenmakers, E.-J.(in press). Strategies and intrinsic limitations in intentional task control.
De Jong, R.(2000). An intention-activation account of the residual switch costs. In S. Monsell & J. Drivers(Eds.), Control of cognitive process: Attention and performance XVIII. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Fagot, C. (1994). Chronometric investigations of task switching. Ph.D. thesis, University of California, San Diego.
Gopher, D. (1996). Attentional control: explorations of the work of an executive controller. Cognitive Brain Research, 5, 23-38.
Hayes, A. E., Davidson, M. C. Keele, S. W. & Ratal R. D. (1998). Toward a functional analysis of the Basal Ganglia. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 10(2), 178-198.
Hsieh, S. & Allport, A. (1994). Shifting attention in a rapid visual search paradigm. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 79, 315-335.
Hsieh, S. (1994). Shifting between two speeded reaction-time tasks. Journal of National Chung Cheng University. Sec.II: Social Sciences, 5(1), 133-180.
Hsieh, S., Lee, C. Y., & Tai, C. T. (1995). Set-shifting aptitude in Parkinson’s disease: external versus internal cues. Psychological Reports, 77, 339-349.
Jersild, A. F. (1927). Mental set and shift. Archives of Psychology, 89, whole.
Kramer, A. F., Hahn, S. & Gopher, D. (1999). Task coordination and aging: explorations of executive control process in the task switching paradigm. Acta Psychologica, 101, 339-378.
Luria, A. R. (1973). The working brain: An introduction to neuropsychology. New York: Basic Books.
Loasby, H. (1998). The effects of language switching and priming in a picture naming task. Unpublished MS, University of Oxford.
Meiran, N. (1996). Reconfiguration of processing mode prior to task performance. Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 22, 1423-1442.
Meiran, N. (2000a). Modeling cognitive control in task-switching. Psychological Research, 63, 234-249.
Meiran, N. (2000b). Reconfiguration of stimulus task-sets and response task-sets during task-switching. In: S. Monsell, & J. Driver(Eds.), Control of cognitive process: attention and performance XVIII. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Meiran, N., Chorev, Z. & Sapir, A. (2000). Component process in task switching. Cognitive Psychology, 41, 211-253.
Meuter R. F. I. & Allport A. (1999). Bilingual language switching in naming: asymmetrical costs of language selection. Journal of Memory and Language. 40, 25-40.
Moulden, D. J. A., Picton, T. W., Meiran, N., Stuss, D. T., Riera, J. J., Valdes, S., P. (1998). Event-related potentials when switching attention between task-sets. Brain and Cognition. Vol. 37(1), 186-190.
Navon, D. (1984). Attentional resources-theoretical soup stone? Psychological Review, 91, 216-234.
Owen, A. M., Roberts, A. C., Hodges, J. R., Summers, B. A., Polkey, C. E., & Robbins T. W.(1993). Contrasting mechanisms of impaired attentional set-shifting in patients with frontal lobe damage or Parkinson’s disease, Brain, 116, 1159-1179.
Posner, M. I., & Raichle, M. E. (1994). Images of mind. New York: Scientific American Library. Pp. 168-174.
Posner, M. I., Nissen, M. J. & Ogden, W. C.(1978) Attended and unattended processing modes: The role of set for spatial location. In: H. L. Pick and I. J. Saltzman (Eds.), Modes of Perceiving and Processing Information. Hillsdale, N. J.:Erlbaum.
Posner, M. I., Snyder, C. R. R. & Davidson, B. J.(1980) Attenton and the detection of signals. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 109, 160-174.。
Rogers, R. D. & Monsell, S. (1995). Costs of a predictable shift between simple cognitive tasks. Journal of experimental Psychology: General, 124, 207-231.
Shallice, T.(1988). From neuropsychology to mental structure. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Shallice, T.(1994). Multiple levels of control processes. In C. Umilta & M, Moscovitch(Eds.), Attention and performance XV(pp. 395-420). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Spector, A. & Biederman, I. (1976). Mental set and mental shift revisited. American Journal of Psychology, 89(4), 669-679.
Stuss, D. T., Shallice, T., Alexander, M. P. & Picton, T. W. (1995). A multidisciplinary approach to anterior attentional functions. In J. Grafman, K. J. Holyoak, & F. Boller (Eds.), Structure and function of the human prefrontal cortex. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Volume 769, pp. 191-211.
Strayer, D. L., & Kramer, A. F. (1994). Strategies and automaticity: II. Dynamic aspects of strategy adjustment. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20, 342-365.
Sudevan, P. & Taylor, D. A. (1987). The cueing and priming of cognitive operations. Journal of experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 13, 89-103.
Yeung, N. (1997). The effect of practice on task switching. Paper presented at meeting of the Experimental Psychology Society, Oxford, march, 1997.
Ward, L. M. (1982). Determinants of attention to local and global features of visual forms. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 8, 562-581.
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
QR Code
QRCODE