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題名:馬克思文論中的政治、社會、與歷史:對《霍華德莊園》的詹明信式閱讀
作者:陳鄭玉秀
作者(外文):Chen Cheng Yu-shiow
校院名稱:淡江大學
系所名稱:西洋語文研究所
指導教授:狄殷豪
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2001
主題關鍵詞:詹明信福斯特馬克思盧卡契民族文化霍華德莊園此情可問天後殖民理論文化研究後設評論政治潛意識JamesonMarxist literary criticism (theory)metacommentaryForsternationculturepost-colonialismMarxEnglesMachereyGoldmannLukacsthe political unconscioushistorysocietypoliticsKafkaBeethovenNew CriticismStructuralismpost-structuralismcultural studies
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馬克思文論中的政治、社會、歷史:
對《霍華德莊園》的詹明信式閱讀
  本論文的立場基於一個假設:文學乃歷史的呈現與指導。
  多數二十世紀的文論,都不能完全將文學與歷史緊密的結合;然而,發展近一百年的馬派文論卻在這方面發揮了極大優越性。從馬克思、恩格斯、盧卡契、高德曼、馬舍雷,我們可以看到馬派歷史詮釋的基本視角:政治與社會。馬派歷史詮釋在這個視角下,不斷參入西方各家文論概念,試圖對文學的價值意義做出評判。然而,我們必須指出,歷史詮釋的廣域並不能為馬克思文論所概括;「政治」與「社會」也並非文學內涵的全部。因此我們須在當代找到一條不同於馬派概念的歷史詮釋,即文化與民族歷史詮釋(這也是當代重視後殖民議題的西方歷史詮釋的轉向)來重新考量並批判馬派歷史詮釋的缺失,最後再嘗試提出一新的歷史詮釋概念來呈現文學的本質。這便是本論文的歷程與目標,而作者探討馬派文論良劣的焦點便是透過當代馬派代表詹明信之「政治、社會、歷史」同心圓理論來對現代主義文本《霍華德莊園》作分析,佐以詹明信本人在晚期對此文本的討論,再進而指陳理論的優越與缺點。
  詹明信在《政治潛意識》一書中,建立起其同心圓理論。我們可看出其作為馬派文論家對馬克思主義的執著,也可看出其作為當代西方知識份子對其他文論的批評與嚮往;這兩種傾向構成其理論的高度聚合力,也造成其理論的雜亂與矛盾。另一方面,選擇福斯特,一位極早觸種族、性別,及殖民文化衝突的二十世紀初現代主義者和其作品,便是為了對詹明信理論作一總體考驗。
  經過了第三章的應用實踐批評《霍華德莊園》之後,我們將明確地指出詹明信的缺失、他晚期的歷史詮釋轉向、以及這種轉向的不完全性所呈現的馬派文論侷限。之後,整篇論文將集中地從「文化與民族」視角對詹明信文論理論與馬克思的歷史詮釋架構做出樍進的批判,然後提出一個重要問題:馬派文論以及馬思克主義能否解決當代面臨的歷史和文學問題?它在將來是否具有存在的適當性?
  在結論的部分,作者將提供有興趣的讀者一個可能的答案,以及一套新的同心圓歷史詮釋概念。
Abstract
This dissertation is based on one idea: literature is the direct presentation and guidance of history.
Most literary theories in the twentieth century cannot intensively connect literature and history; however; Marxist literary theory, which has developed for nearly one hundred years, shows its superiority in this aspect. From Marx and Engels, through Lukács and Goldmann, to Macherey, we see the basic points in Marxist historical interpretation: the political and the social. From these two angles, Marxist literary theory has been continuously subsuming other Western literary theories for attempting to evaluate the significance in literature and literary texts.
Nevertheless, we have to point out that the realm of historical interpretation cannot be contained in Marxist literary theory. In addition, the political and the social are not the whole content of literature. Therefore, it is necessary to find a different historical interpretation for reconsidering and criticizing the shortcomings of Marxist historical view and finally tries to bring forward a new historical interpretation to present the essence of literature. This is the historical interpretation from the national and cultural points of view (This also shows the turn of Western historical interpretation, emphasizing post-colonial topics nowadays). This is the process and goal of this dissertation. The author’s focus of discussing the advantage and disadvantage in Marxist theory is on the contemporary Marxist, Jameson’s, theory of “the political, the social, and the historical,” the three concentric framework, and its applied analysis of Howards End, a typical modernist text. There is also Jameson’s later discussion on this text, and the evaluation on his discussion.
In Jameson’s “The Political Unconscious,” he establishes the theory of concentric framework. We can see here his persistence in Marxism and his aspiration for other Western literary theories. These two inclinations form both richness and contradictions in his theory. On the other hand, the practical criticism by this theory on Forster, a modernist very early writing about national, gender, and cultural conflicts, and his work is for the general test of Jameson’s Marxist framework.
After the criticism on Howards End in Chapter 3, we will clearly point out Jameson’s flaws, his later turn of historical interpretation, and the significance presenting the limits of Marxist theory by this “turn.” Then, this dissertation will focus on the radical commentary, from cultural and national vision, on Marxist and Jameson’s structure of historical interpretation. The author of this dissertation therefore raises an important question: Can Marxist theory solve the contemporary problem of history and literature? Will it keep the propriety for its own existence?
In Conclusion, the author will finally provide the readers interested in this question with a proper answer and a brand new concentric framework for the concept of historical interpretation.
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