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題名：可控前置時間之存貨模型研究
作者：蕭裕正
作者(外文)：Hsiao, Yu-Cheng
校院名稱：國立臺灣科技大學
系所名稱：工業管理系
指導教授：潘昭賢
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2001
主題關鍵詞：前置時間；存貨；欠撥折扣；lead time；inventory；backorder discount
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可控前置時間之存貨模型研究
研 究 生：蕭 裕 正
指導教授：潘 昭 賢
時 間：90年11月
中文摘要
許多公司已應用時間做為在市場上區隔的手段。許多文獻把前置時間當作決策變數，並將其分割成幾個組成因素，每一因素相對於前置時間的縮短，各有其趕工成本函數。若產品缺貨，且顧客願意接受欠撥，而造成等待的時間延長。實際上，較長的前置時間應給予價格折扣，尤其是顧客有其他供貨來源時。在一產品運銷供應系統中，每一個廠商均是供應者，亦是顧客。本論文所探討的企業向上游供應者購買產品，同時，銷售產品給下游顧客。趕工成本包含固定成本及變動成本，其中考慮允許缺貨及欠撥折扣。需求為常態分配的情況，本論文探討三個模型；需求之分配機率函數未知的情況，有兩個模型被探討。每一模型均有範例，以說明演算法的執行程序。本論文的目的為提出一個以前置時間、欠撥折扣與訂購量為決策變數，同時考慮趕工的固定成本與變動成本。當缺貨現象發生時，缺貨數量允許部份欠撥、部份銷售損失的混合存貨模型，並以計量方法推導出使期望總成本為最小時的最適訂購量、欠撥折扣與最適前置時間。由於模型中的決策變數較一般文獻多，使得求解的困難度增加，本研究以訂購量區間分割的方法，簡化最適解的求解程序。訂購量區間分割法可應用於決策變數較多的存貨模型，例如：多層級供應鏈之存貨模型。
ABSTRACT
Many companies have used time as a means of differentiating themselves in the marketplace. In the literature, the variable lead time is regarded as a decision variable and decomposed into several components, each having a crashing cost function for the respective reduced lead time. If the product is out of stock, the customers will be persuaded to accept a backorder. The longer customers have to wait for delivery of the order, the less inclined they are to pay a higher (premium) price. In fact, longer lead times more likely require a price discount, especially where the customer has other acceptable alternatives. In the product supply system, everyone is both a supplier and customer of a product on its way to the consumer. In this paper, the enterprise buys products from the supplier and sells products to the customers. And the crashing cost is represented as a function of both the order quantity and the reduced lead time. Shortages and backorder discount are also considered. Three inventory models with normal demand are first presented and two models with unknown demand distribution are also discussed. Numerical examples are included to illustrate the procedures of the algorithms.
Key words: inventory, lead time, crashing cost, backorder discount
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