一、中文部分
中醫方劑學 (民74)。台北市：啟業書局。
中醫方劑臨床手冊 (民78)。台北市：啟業書局。
中藥臨床應用 (民69)。台北市：啟業書局。
林宗旦、林宗平、林景彬 (民85)。中藥藥理學。台北市：華香園出版社，9-13頁。
林松洲 (民81)。應用藥理學。台北市：豪峰出版社，73、113頁。
常用中成藥手冊 (民68)。台北市：啟業書局。
陳長安 (民88)。常用藥物治療手冊 (25期)。台北市：全國藥品年鑑雜誌社，1224頁。
許順吉 (民86)。市售中藥材基原之化學鑑別。藥物食品分析，5，4，285-294頁。
游士勳、張錦清 (民80)。實用中醫方劑學。台北市：樂群文化事業有限公司。
楊維傑 (民66)。醫方集解表解。台北市：樂群文化事業有限公司。
蔡靖彥 (民86)。常用藥品手冊。嘉義縣：明山印刷所，310-313頁。
閻樹範 (民82)。中國成藥實用手冊。台南市：九洋出版社，12頁。
顏正華主編 (民80)。中藥學 (上)。台北市：知音出版社，63-65頁。
二、外文部分
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Baselt, R. C. (1995). Disposition of toxic drugs and chemicals in men. Chemical Toxicology Institute, 475-479.
Berlin, I., Warot, D., Aymard, G., Acquaviva, E., Legrand, M., Labarthe, B., Peyron, I., Diquet, B., & Lechat, P. (2001). Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of single nasal (5 mg and 10 mg) and oral (50 mg) doses of ephedrine in healthy subjects. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 57, 447-455.
Goldberger, B. A., Huestis, M. A., & Wilkins, D. G. (1997). Commonly practiced quality control and quality assurance procedures for gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis in forensic urine drug-testing laboratories. Forensic Science Review, 9(2), 60-80.
Gurley, B. J., Wang, P., & Gardner, S. F. (1998). Ephedrine-type alkaloid content of nutritional supplement containing Ephedra sinica (Ma-huang) as determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 78(12), 1547-1553.
Hansen, L. B. (2001). A stable gas chromatgraphy-mass spectrometry analysis system to characterize Ma Huang products found in health foods and supplements. Journal of Pharmaceutical sciences, 90(7), 943-948.
Hashimoto, Y., Ikeshiro, Y., Higashiyama, T., Audo, K., & Endo, M. (1977). Quantitative determination of l- and d-ephedrine in Ephedra subspecies by thin-layer-chromatography. Yakugaku Zasshi, 97, 594-596.
Heimlich, K. R., Macdonnel, D. R., Flanagan, T. L., & O’Brien, P. D. (1961). Evaluation of a sustained release form of phenyl- propanolamine hydrochloride by urinary excretion studies. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 50, 232-237.
Imaz, C., Carreras, D., Navajas, R., Rodríguez, C., Rodríguez, A. F., Maynar, J., & Cortes, R. (1993). Determination of ephedrines in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography, 631, 201-205.
Imaz, C., Navajas, R., Carreras, D., Rodríguez, C., & Rodríguez, A. F. (2000). Comparison of various reversed-phase columns for simultaneous determination of ephedrines in urine by high- performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography, 870, 23-28.
Iwanami, N., Ohtsuka, Y., & Kubo, H. (1985). Determination of ephedrine alkaloids in Ephedra Herb and oriental pharma- ceutical preparations by HPLC. Yaoxue Tongbao, 20, 149-153.
Kasahara, Y., & Hikino, H. (1985). Determination of ephedrine alkaloids by isotachophoresis. Journal of Chromatography, 324, 503-507.
Kimura, K., Shimada, H., Hisada, S. Y., & Tanaka, T. (1973). Determination of Ephedra alkaloids. Yakugaku Zasshi, 93, 364-368.
Liang, H. X., Yu, R. G., Yang, Q. H., & Ni, K. Y. (1991). Use of the Powell method to optimize the composition of HPLC mobile phase- the separation of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine. Yaoxue Xuebao, 26, 49-52.
Liu, Y. M., & Sheu, S. J. (1992). Determination of ephedrine alkaloids by capillary electrophoresis. Journal of Chromato- graphy, 600, 370-372.
Noguchi, M., Hosoda, K., & Suzuki, H. (1987). Normal phase high-performance liquid chromatography of ephedra alkaloids. Yakugaku Zasshi, 107, 372-376.
Okamura, N., Miki, H., Harada, T., Yamashita, S., Masaoka, Y., Nakamoto, Y., Tsuguma, M., Yoshitomi, H., & Yagi, A. (1999). Simultaneous determination of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, norephedrine and methylephedrine in Kampo medicines by high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Pharma- ceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 20, 363-372.
Sagara, K., Oshima, T., & Misaki, T. (1983). A simulataneous determination of norephedrine, pseudoephedrine, ephedrine and methylephedrine in Ephedrae Herba and Oriental Pharmaceutical by ion-pair high-performance liquid chro- matography. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 31(7), 2359-2365.
Sagara, K., Suto, K., Ito, Y., Nagai, Y., Suzuki, H., & Satake, M. (1996). Determination of alkaloids in Ephedra Herb by high- performance liquid chromatography. Iyakuhin Kenkyu, 27, 255-261.
Shargel, L. Yu, A. B. C. (1999). Applied Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics. (4th ed.). Prentice Hall International, Inc. U.S.A. pp. 607-639.
Sheu, S. J., & Huang, M. H. (2000). Separation of ephedra alkaloids by HPLC. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 8(4), 337-341.
Spyridaki, M-H. E., Tsitsimpikou, C. J., Siskos, P. A., & Georgakopoulos, C. S. (2001). Determination of ephedrines in urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography B, 758, 311-314.
van der Merwe, P. J., Brown, L. W., & Hendrikz, S. E. (1994). Simultaneous quantification of ephedrines in urine by high- performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography B, 661, 357-361.
van der Merwe, P. J., & Hendrikz, S. E. (1995). Identification of ephedrines as their carbon disulfide derivatives. Journal of Chromatography B, 663, 160-166.
Ven Eenoo, P., Delbeke, F. T., Roels, K., & De Backer, P. (2001). Simultaneous quantitation of ephedrines in urine by gas chromatography-nitrogen-phosphorus detection for doping control purpose. Journal of Chromatography B, 760, 255-261.
Wilkinson, G. R., & Beckett, A. H. (1968). Absorption, metabolism and excretion of the ephedrines in man. Ⅰ. The influence of urinary pH and urine volume output. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 162(1), 139-147.
Yamasaki, K., & Fujita, K. (1979). Qualitative and quantitative analysis of ephedra alkaloids in Ephedra Herba by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 27, 43-47.
Yamasaki, K., Fujita, K., Sakamiti, M., Okada, K., Yashida, M., & Tanaka, O. (1974). Separation and quantitative analysis of ephedra alkaloids by gas chromatography and its application to evaluation of some Ephedra species. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 22, 2898-2902.
Zhang, J., Tian, Z., & Lou, Z. (1988). Simultaneous determination of six alkaloids in Ephedrae Herba by high performance liquid chromatography. Planta Medica, 54, 69-70.