:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:電信執照發放及頻率收費之研究
作者:李宗耀
作者(外文):Zon-Yau Lee
校院名稱:國立交通大學
系所名稱:科技管理所
指導教授:虞孝成
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2003
主題關鍵詞:頻率收費情境分析頻率執照發放模糊多評準決策Radio Frequency ChargeScenario AnalysisFrequency Licenses AuthorizationFuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:0
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:45
我國自1997年起開徵無線電頻率使用費。惟電信技術不斷創新進步,無線電服務及功能日新月異。因此,現行的無線電頻率使用費制度及收費標準有必要重新檢討,以符合社會需要,達到電波有效利用的目標。本研究蒐集比較國外電信主管機關制訂的頻率收費原則、結構與標準,包括美國、加拿大、澳洲、日本、韓國、新加坡、英國、法國、德國、以色列及瑞典十一個國家。歸納分析後發現,各國收費制度考慮的因素包括頻寬、發射功率、人口稠密度、頻率高低、獨佔/共享、使用時間、收/發類別、應用類別、頻帶擁擠程度、特殊用途減免十項。其中,使用頻寬、發射功率及頻率高低是各國主要的考慮因素。另外,本研究也歸納各國頻率收費有朝向反映頻譜市場經濟價值之趨勢。本研究亦參考我國頻率使用者對於現有收費制度之建議,並參酌國外收費制度之優點,及考量我國無線電波頻率的使用現況與未來發展電信事業之需要,針對我國無線電頻率使用費結構提出改進之建議。
我國3G頻率執照採取何種發放方式,對於政府稅收、通信技術之提昇、電信服務應用之發展及資本市場資金之排擠效應都有深遠的影響。3G市場未來走向,實際上受到太多變數及不確定性因子的影響。本文以國外發放3G執照之各種方式及金額作為參考指標,模擬國內三種反映高度、中度及低度3G市場成長的情境,並假設未來3G營運的諸多變數,利用投資報酬率的分析方法針對3G執照各種發放方式下,政府規定的相關3G執照費率以及競標金額,分別估計政府收入與業者獲利之影響。本文提供模式假設之變數以及在不同情境下估算之金額,可供電信總局未來在擬訂執照發放方式與執行細節時之參考,可模擬不同競標金底價或執照費對政府與業者之影響;業者亦可以利用此模式,估算在財務可行的範圍內適宜參與競標金額之上限。
我國3G頻率執照採取之發放方式,將對於政府之稅收、通信技術之提昇、電信服務應用之發展及資本市場資金之排擠效應都有深遠的影響。為了探討在制定3G執照發放政策時應如何達到滿足政府目標、挑選出最適當經營者目標及滿足消費者需求目標三個多目標構面,本研究在每一目標構面下各建立四項評量準則,針對四種3G執照發放策略建立多目標多評準之研究架構,經由問卷調查在電信相關領域之產、官、學、研學者專家,針對每種3G頻率執照發放策略進行效用偏好調查,以有系統地整理呈現許多國內各電信領域專家對3G頻率執照發放策略之意見。本研究採用模糊多層級多評準決策法( Fuzzy MCDM, Multi-Criteria Decision Making),針對我國3G頻率執照之發放方式,進行實證研究分析,以供我國決策機關施政之參考。研究結果顯示「評審制」滿足多目標之效用最高,其次為「固定執照費評審制」及「評審競標制」,效用最低者為「多回合競標制」。
Radio frequency users in Taiwan have incurred frequency usage charges since 1997. Due to the rapid progress in radio technologies, many innovative wireless services have been introduced to modern commercial and consumer markets. The rate table for radio frequency usage charges needs to be revised in order to better meet society’s needs for radio services, and to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of radio spectrum utilization. This research studied the radio frequency usage charging systems of some selected countries, including the USA, Canada, Australia, Japan, Korea, Singapore, UK, France, Germany, Israel, and Sweden. A survey of local frequency users about their complaints and expectations was also conducted. With the future frequency needs of radio technologies and the trends of broadband wireless services in mind, a revised frequency usage charge system is proposed.
The release of third-generation (3G) mobile communications licenses signals the beginning of a new telecommunications era and the birth of new players in a potentially enormous market. The 3G licensing mechanism a country selects will impact both the income to the government as well as the competitiveness and profitability of 3G operators. Possible licensing policies include Auction, Beauty Contest, Tender, and Beauty Contest with Fixed License Fee. Inevitably, unknown variables and uncertain factors will affect future 3G markets. This research hypothesizes three 3G-market-growth scenarios for Taiwan: the optimistic scenario of high growth, the pessimistic scenario of low growth, and the middle-ground scenario of normal growth. Hypothetical licensing fees/bidding prices are estimated by taking averages out of the outcomes from countries that have already awarded 3G licenses. Investment return indicators of Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) are calculated from the perspectives of both the government and the 3G operators for each of the four licensing mechanisms. Scenario analysis model is used to study the financial impacts of the licensing fees/bidding prices of alternative 3G licensing policies on government income as well as on the profitability of 3G licensees. The results could serve as references to government regulators in term of setting up reasonable 3G licensing fees/lower bounds of bidding prices. As to 3G license contenders, this model can be used to assess the upper bound of financially feasible bidding prices.
Alternative licensing policies for third-generation mobile communications services in Taiwan will have a profound impact on the government’s fiscal income, the advancement of local telecommunications technologies and services, as well as the potential return of investment for 3G licensees. Evaluation criteria should include satisfying multi-objectives, i.e. the government’s objectives, the consumers’ objectives, and the objective of awarding the licenses to capable operators. Under each of the three first-tier objectives, four second-tier sub-objectives are used to assess to what extent the first-tier objectives are satisfied.
Scholars and experts in the Taiwan telecommunications arena were surveyed about their preferences among pairs of the above objectives. Additionally, they were also asked to estimate the utility of each one of the objectives achievable by alternative licensing policies. Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making methodology was then used to evaluate four 3G licensing policies in Taiwan, including: Auction, Beauty-Contest, Tender, and Beauty-Contest with Fixed License Fee. The survey results showed that the Beauty-Contest policy has the highest utility score in satisfying the multiple-objectives while the Auction policy comes up the last.
References
1. 工業技術研究院電通所 (民89),2000通訊工業綜論,經濟部產業技術資訊服務推廣計畫。
2. 中華經濟研究院 (民89),我國電信自由化效益分析,交通部電信總局委託研究計畫。
3. 日本野村總合研究所 (民90),台灣3G執照競價機制研究報告,交通部電信總局。
4. 王乃弘 (民89),「民眾偏好醫院類型之研究-AHP法之應用」,管理學報,第十六卷第四期,頁661-681。new window
5. 交通部 (民89),第三代行動通信業務開放規劃小組成立之初步建議方案,交通部電信總局。
6. 交通部 (民90),第三代行動通信業務管理規則總說明,交通部電信總局。
7. 交通部 (民91),電信自由化政策白皮書(民91年),交通部電信總局。
8. 交通部 (民91),無線電頻率使用費說明書,交通部電信總局。
9. 交通部 (民86),無線電頻率使用費說明書,交通部電信總局。
10. 交通部 (民89),我國無線電頻率使用費收費標準之研究,交通部電信總局。
11. 李宗耀、徐作聖、虞孝成、張世其 (民91),「我國3G行動電話執照發放方式-對政府收入與業者獲利之影響」,中山管理評論(已接受)。new window
12. 李宗耀、張世其、虞孝成,「台灣3G頻率執照發放方式分析及影響」,企業管理學報(投稿中)。
13. 李建業 (民90),「3G新技術之介紹」,新世代無線通訊技術發展研討會,台北,經濟部技術處。
14. 林一平 (民89),「第三代行動通信服務」,電子月刊,第六卷第六期, 頁162-173。
15. 林敬堯 (民90),「ITU迅速進行3G行動網路整合研究」,通訊雜誌,第八十五期二月號。
16. 汪美香、許溪南 (民89),「AHP應用於外幣選擇權投資策略之研究--以國際金融業務分行(OBU)為例」,企業管理學報,第四十六卷第二期,頁115-134。new window
17. 唐震寰、虞孝成 (民89),我國頻譜管理體制與頻譜規劃研究,交通部電信總局委託研究計畫。
18. 高凱聲 (民89),「3G發展及執照發放之省思」,通訊雜誌,頁7-19。
19. 國科會電信國家型計畫 (民90),我國3G開放策略,國科會電信國家型計畫辦公室(新竹)。
20. 彭慧鸞 (民88),「日本電信自由化的制度調適之研析」,問題與研究月刊,第三十八卷第五期,頁61-76。new window
21. 彭慧鸞 (民89),「韓國電信自由化的政治經濟分析」,問題與研究月刊,第三十九期第一期,頁15-34。new window
22. 黃興進、張仁雄、李幸秋 (民90),「群體支援系統環境中層級分析法與任務型態對群體決策之影響」,中山管理學刊,第九卷第二期,頁201-219。new window
23. 黃合淇、陳柏村 (民89),「第三代W-CDMA傳輸技術標準簡介」,電子月刊,第六卷第七期,頁108~115。
24. 虞孝成、李宗耀 (民91),「台灣3G頻率執照發放政策規劃與討論」,科技管理學刊,第七卷第一期,頁1-17。
25. 虞孝成、李宗耀 (民91),「運用模糊多評準決策法評選台灣3G頻率執照發放策略」,管理評論,第二十一卷第一期,頁1-36。
26. 虞孝成、李宗耀、唐震寰、林清池 (民91),「我國無線電頻率使用費調整之研究」,科技管理學刊,第六卷第二期,頁29-54。new window
27. 鄭瑞光 (民89),「3G寬頻行動通訊最新發展概況」,新電子科技月刊,第174卷, 210,212,214,216,238~241頁。
28. Selian, A. (2001), 3G Mobile Licensing Policy: From GSM to IMT-2000 -A Competitive Analysis, International Telecommunication Union (ITU), 34.
29. Australian Communications Authority (1999), Apparatus License Fee Schedule. (http://www.aca.gov.au)
30. Bellman, R. E. and Zadeh, L. A. (1970), “Decision-making in a fuzzy environment”, Management Science, 17(4), 141-146.
31. Ben, A. P. (2001), 3G Mobile Policy: The Cases of Chile & Venezuela, International Telecommunication Union (ITU), 23-39.
32. Bernard, W. and Taylor, III. (1996), Introduction to Management Science, Fifth Edition.
33. Buckley, J. J. (1985), “ Ranking Alternatives Using Fuzzy Numbers”, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 15(1), 21-31.
34. Bureau of Transport and Communications Economics (1990), Management of the Radio Frequency Spectrum: An Economic Analysis, Occasion; Paper 102, Canberra.
35. Chandrasekaran G., and Ramesh R. (1987), “Microcomputer based multiple criteria decision support system for strategic planning”, Information & Management, 12(4), 163-172.
36. Cheng, C.H. and Mon, D.L. (1994), “Evaluating Weapon System by Analytical Hierarchy Process Based on Fuzzy Scales”, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 63(1), 1-10.
37. Coates, J. F. (2000), “Scenario Planning”, Technology Forecasting and social Change, 65(1), 115-123.
38. Committee of experts on basic frequency regulation matters in civil telecommunications. (1991), Frequency Regulation in the Federal Republic of Germany, Report commissioned by the Federal Minister of Post and Telecommunications.
39. CSP INTERNATIONAL. (1987), Deregulation of the Radio Spectrum in the UK, Reporter for the Department of Trade and Industry, London.
40. Dubis, D. and Prade, H. (1978), “Operations on Fuzzy Numbers”, International Journal of Systems Science, 9(1), 613-626.
41. Noam, E. (1997), “Beyond Spectrum Auctions”, Telecommunication Policy, 21(5), 461-475.
42. European Commission (2002), Comparative Assessment of the Licensing Regimes for 3G Mobile Communications in the European Union and their Impact on the Mobile Communications Sector, DIRECTORATE-GENERAL INFORMATION SOCIETY Final Report June 25, 2002.
43. French National Frequency Agency (2000), Spectrum Pricing and Management, (http://www.telecom.gouv.fr)
44. Godet, M. (2000), “The Art of Scenarios and Strategic Planning: Tools and Pitfalls”, Technology Forecasting and social Change, 65(1), 3-22.
45. Green, L. (1999), The UK Approach to Spectrum Pricing And Auctions, IDEE Telecom Conference: Spectrum Valuation And Pricing, June 11.
46. Yu, Hsiao-Cheng, Lee, Zon-Yau, and Chang, Shih-Chi (2003), “Using fuzzy multiple objectives to analyze Taiwan 3G license strategy”, accepted by Information and Management.
47. Henrik, G. (2001), “Competitive Dynamics of Technological Standardization: The Case of Third Generation Cellular Communications”, Industry and Innovation, 8(1), 49-78.
48. Huff, S. L. (1982), “ A methodology for supporting system architects during preliminary design”, Information & Management, 5(4-5), 1982, pp. 259-268.
49. Industry Canada (1994), Guide For Calculating Radio License Fees, Oct.
50. Industry Canada (1996), Consultation On Radio License Fees — Phase 1. (http://www.ic.gc.ca)
51. Israeli Ministry of Communications (2000), Spectrum Fees.( http://www.moc.gov.il)
52. ITU (2000), The Report of World Radio Conference of 2000, International Telecommunication Union.
53. ITU (1993), Spectrum Pricing Study, International Telecommunication Union.
54. ITU (2000), Economic Aspects of Spectrum Management, Radio Communication Study Groups, ITU-R SM.2012, International Telecommunication Union.
55. Jain, R. (1999), “Changing role of regulation: lessons from US spectrum auctions.” Utilities Policy, 8(1), 61-73.
56. Japanese Ministry of Post and Telecommunication (1997), Spectrum User Fee Table, (http://www.mpt.go.jp)
57. Jackson, J. H. (1989), “State Trading and Non-Market Economies”, 23 The International Lawyer.
58. John M. (1995), “Why auction the spectrum?”, Telecommunication Policy, 19(9), 191-199.
59. Kerzner, H. (1989), A System Approach to Planning Scheduling and Controlling, Project Management, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 759-764.
60. Korean Ministry of Information and Communication(2000), Principles For Radio Usage Fee System.
61. Kao, K. S. (2000), “Discussion of 3G development and license issuance policy”, Communications Magazine, 10, 7 -19.
62. Kwok, Ron C. W., Jian Ma, Doug Vogel and Duanning Zhou (2001), “Collaborative assessment in education: an application of a fuzzy GSS”, Information & Management, 39(3), 243-253.
63. Lara, S. (2001), 3G Mobile Policy: The Case of Japan, International Telecommunication Union (ITU), 26-28.
64. Lee, Z.Y, Tzeng, G. H, and Yu, H. C. (2001), “Fuzzy MCDM approach for IC company’s strategies in semiconductor industry”, Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology: Technology Management In The Knowledge Era, 776-787.
65. Masini, E.B. and Vasquez, J.M. (2000), “Scenarios as Seen from a Human and Social Perspective”, Technology Forecasting and Social Change, 65(1), 49-66.
66. N.T.I.A., U.S. Department of Commerce. (1991), U.S. Spectrum Management Policy: An Agenda for the Future, NTJA Special Publication, Washington DC, February, 91-23.
67. NASA, PATTERN procedure manual (1966), Honeywell Aero Report, National Technical Information Service, U. S. Department of Commerce, Virginia.
68. NASA, PATTERN Relevance Guide (1965), National Technical Information Service, U. S. Department of Commerce, Virginia(3 vols).
69. NERA. (1998), Management of the Radio Frequency Spectrum in New Zealand, Report for the New Zealand Government, London, Nov.
70. Perez, (1995), “Some Comments on Saaty’s AHP”, Management Science, 41(8), 1091-1095.
71. Radio Communications Agency (1999), Spectrum Pricing: Implementing the Third Stage and Beyond. (http://www.radio.gov.uk)
72. Regulatory Authority for Telecommunications and Posts, RegTP (2000), Frequency Regulation in the Federal Republic of Germany. ( http://www.regtp.de)
73. Jain, R. (1999), “Changing role of regulation: lessons from US spectrum auctions”, Utilities Policy, 8(1), 61-73.
74. Cheng, R. G. (2000), “Status of 3G broadband technology development”, New Electronic magazine, 174(9), 210, 212, 214, 216, 238 -241.
75. Saaty, T. L. (1977), “A Scaling Method for Priorities in Hierarchical Structures”, Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 15(2), 234-281.
76. Saaty, T. L. (1980), The Analytic Hierarchy Process, New York,: McGraw-Hill.
77. Saaty, T. L. (1980), The Analytic Hierarchy Process: Planning, Priority Setting, Resource Allocation, McGraw-Hill. New York.
78. Saaty, T. L., and Vargas, L. G. (1980), The Logic of Priorities. Kluwer-Nijhoff: Boston, Massachusetts.
79. Sangjae, L. and Ingoo, H. (2000), “Fuzzy Cognitive Map for the Design of EDI Controls”, Information and Management, 37(1), 37-50.
80. Hultén, S. (2001), 3G Mobile Policy: The Case of Sweden, International Telecommunication Union (ITU), 8-27.
81. Swedish National Post and Telecom Agency, NPTA (2000). (http://www.pts.se)
82. Tang, M. T. and Tzeng, G. H. (1999), “A Hierarchy Fuzzy MCDM Method for Studying Electronic Marketing Strategies in the Information Service Industry”, Journal of International Information Management, 8(1), 1-22.
83. Taylor, B.W. (1996), Introduction to Management Science, Edition 5, Prentice Hall.
84. Telecommunication Authority of Singapore (1995), Part-II Application and Process Fee for Use of a Frequency, Radio Communication Regulations.
(http://www.tas.gov.sg)
85. Tzeng, G. H. and Tsaur, S. H. (1993), “Application of Multicriteria Decision Making to Old Vehicle Elimination in Taiwan”, Energy and Environment, 40(3), 265-283.
86. Tzeng, G. H. (1977), “ A study on the PATTERN Method for the Decision Process in the Public System”, Japan Journal of Behaviormetrics, 4(2), 29-44.
87. Tzeng, G. H., Shian, T. A. and Lin, C. Y. (1992), “Application of Multicriteria Decision Making to the Evaluation of New Energy-System Development in Taiwan”, Energy (An International Journal), 17(10), 983-992.
88. Tzeng, G. H. and Teng, J. Y. (1994), “Multicriteria Evaluation for Strategies of Improving and Controlling Air-Quality in the Super City: A Case of Taipei City.”, Journal of Environmental Management, 40(3), 213-229.
89. US Federal Communications Commission (1996).(http://www.fcc.gov)
90. Vivianne J. and Matthew R. (2001), “Telecommunications Spectrum Disposal: A Global Overview”, Computer Law & Security Report , 17(1), 41-44.
91. Wayne, L. W. (1991), Operations Research: Applications and Algorithms, Edition 2, New York, 683-727.
92. Yan, X. (2001), 3G Mobile Policy: The Case of China & Hong Kong, China, International Telecommunication Union (ITU), 23-36.
93. Zadeh, L. A. (1965), “Information and Control”, Fuzzy Sets, 8(3), 338-353.
94. Zadeh, L. A. (1975), “The Concept of a Linguistic Variable and Its Application to Approximate Reasoning, Parts 1, 2, and 3”, Information Science, 8(2), 199-249, 8(3), pp.301-357; 9(1), pp. 43-80.
95. Zhau, R. and Goving, R. (1991), “Algebraic characteristics of extended fuzzy numbers”, Information Science, 54(1), 103-130.
96. Zahedi, F. (1986), “Analytic Hierarchy Process: A Survey of the Method Its Application”, Interfaces, 16(4), 96-108.
97. Zsoka, E. K. (1994), Study On Spectrum, International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
QR Code
QRCODE