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題名:空間疏散效率之個體式模擬方法
作者:陳鴻勝 引用關係
作者(外文):Hong-Sheng CHEN
校院名稱:國立臺灣大學
系所名稱:建築與城鄉研究所
指導教授:林峰田
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2003
主題關鍵詞:個體式模擬疏散電腦輔助建築設計agent-based modelingevacuationcomputer-aided architectural design
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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本研究提出一個可以直接在建築師設計繪圖的軟體環境之中執行的模擬程式,用以輔助設計者分析空間的疏散效率。這個程式系統的特點包括:1. 以個體式模擬方法執行人群與環境互動的數理模型,不同於靜態的公式計算方法。2. 以台灣建築業界與學術界普遍使用的AutoCAD軟體與免費的附屬程式語言AutoLISP寫成,具有方便的人機界面與程式交換應用性。3. 以模擬模組構成模擬系統的觀念寫成,主程式具有調整性與擴充性。
本研究是以實際的災害案例為人群疏散數據資料的來源,並對照其他研究者的實際演習成果,此外,本研究方法參照日式評估空間疏散安全方法,分析兩者評估結果的異同之處。在案例分析中,探討四個空間設計與使用的議題:1. 居室開口配置與使用類型的疏散分析。2. 雙重行為模式的疏散模擬分析(以醫療院所為例)。3. 舊有建築物申請變更使用的疏散檢討。4. 樓梯配置的疏散評估實驗。這些案例研究的用意除了彰顯空間開口或樓梯配置的重要性之外,亦嘗試發揮個體式模擬本質上優於靜態公式運算法之特點,而在樓梯配置的實驗中,提出藉由驗證空間疏散效率水準,為設計者鬆綁建築技術規則第93條有關樓梯配置數量的保守要求。
本文獲致以下結論: 1. 空間的開口位置、空間型態、使用類型、人群密度等設計考量確實會影響疏散時間。 2. 個體式模擬能夠處理不同類型個體行為互動的關聯性。 3. 個體式模擬分析法能與日本公式計算法(應用群流理論)的評估結果達到一致。最後,本文主張運用模擬系統的功能,以模擬的結果驗證雖不依法設計的空間設計仍具有合理的安全性,為建築設計者鬆綁既有法令的束縛,使建築師和業主在設計上更具彈性與自由。
讀者可在下列網址下載本研究研發的AutoLISP程式,該網頁並提供論文全文、系統操作與程式使用說明、研究內容更新等資訊。
http://home.kimo.com.tw/my0937926650/ntu
This study proposed a computer simulation system, which can be executed in architects’ design environment, for aiding designer to evaluate the evacuation efficiency of space. The features of this system are: 1. Using agent-based modeling methodology, 2. Using a popular software: AutoCAD and it’s free program language: AutoLISP, 3. Using simulation models to compose a simulation system, and the programs can be shared through Internet.
This research collected some real hazard and evacuation tapes, and compared it with other researchers’ analysis. It also verified the models by Japan’s life-safety formulas. In case-study-chapter, some design issues are discussed: 1. What’s the relation between space''s opening, morphology, usage, and evacuation-times? 2. How to simulating two kinds of behaviors simultaneously? 3. How to verify the safety of old buildings for new usage? 4. How to prove those building with fewer staircases than the requirement of building-code still has good performance? Finally, this research suggested that we may regard some qualified buildings are safe for people, and the government should provide more flexibility for architects.
Some conclusions are derived: 1. The location of openings and staircases, space usage, people density and space morphology indeed affect the evacuation time. 2. This method is capable of simulating behaviors of two kinds of people. 3. The proposed agent-based modeling method can match with Japan formula-check methods, therefore the correctness of this simulation method are verified.
We suggest using this simulation method to verify the safety of fewer staircases-buildings, for helping architects to improve building''s safety.
Readers are invited to visit a homepage of this research. It provides AutoLSIP programs download, user’s manual, text-files of this dissertation, updated data, etc. Please visit the following address:
http://home.kimo.com.tw/my0937926650/ntu
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