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題名：走出演說術的迷陣--柏拉圖早至中期作品中哲學與詩的爭執
作者：何畫瑰 引用關係
作者(外文)：Hua-kuei Ho
校院名稱：國立臺灣大學
系所名稱：哲學研究所
指導教授：關永中
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2003
主題關鍵詞：柏拉圖；詩；哲學；演說術；知識；技藝；《高吉亞斯》；《理想國》；《菲得若絲》；Plato；poetry；philosophy；oratory；knowledge；techne；the Gorgias；the Republic；the Phaedrus
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這篇論文試圖對柏拉圖認為的真、假演說術進行分辨，以此解消哲學與詩的爭執。真、假演說術的分辨，主要以是否涉及真正知識為關鍵。因此，論文分為兩個方向進行討論：一是對於柏拉圖「知識」概念的釐清；另一則是對於「演說術」概念的探討。由此按爭執的兩端（哲學與詩）形成四章：詩作為知識（第一章）、作為演說術（第二章）；哲學作為知識（第三章）、作為演說術（第四章）。第一、二章以《伊安》、《小希比亞斯》、《勃泰哥拉斯》、《高吉亞斯》說明：柏拉圖一方面批評詩不是技藝、不是知識、不是真正演說術；另方面認為哲學是以善為目的的技藝、追求真正知識、是真正的演說術。而哲學與詩的爭執，亦即真假演說術之爭。第三、四章以《理想國》、《菲得若絲》說明哲學與詩合作引導心靈認知的可能，並針對《理想國》第十卷所提及的兩大爭執（一是哲學家批評詩「離真理三層」、不是真正知識，另一是哲學家批評詩「訴諸非理性」）進行解消。文中完全承認柏拉圖確實對詩進行上述批評，但解釋：詩雖不是真正知識，仍可能作為認知進程的起點、協助心靈認知；詩雖訴諸非理性，但非理性也可能促使心靈突破日常侷限、成為轉向真正知識的契機。然而，若詩與真正知識混淆、或是非理性過度膨脹，反將形成危險。於是，以真正知識為關鍵區辨真假演說術，不論詩或哲學，只要是假的演說術、阻礙認知造成危險，便會和柏拉圖哲學發生爭執；如果屬於真正演說術、引導心靈朝向真正知識，則爭執都可解消。
The aim of this thesis is to solve the quarrel between philosophy and poetry by drawing a distinction between the true and false oratory. According to Plato, the key to the distinction is whether oratory involves true knowledge or not. Thus it is important to clarify two concepts: 烓nowledge and 缹ratory. The thesis goes by four chapters: poetry as knowledge, poetry as oratory, philosophy as knowledge, and philosophy as oratory. The 1st and 2nd chapters is based on the Ion, Hippias Minor, Protagoras, and Gorgias. It is shown that Plato criticises poetry as not being a techne, knowledge, and true oratory; while he deems philosophy as the true oratory. The quarrel between philosophy and poetry is in fact a conflict between true and false oratory. The 3rd and 4th chapters focus on the Republic and Phaedrus. It is proved that philosophy and poetry may cooperate to educate the mind. As for the most notorious attacks in the Republic X, the thesis admits completely that Plato does criticise poetry as being 浾t third remove from the truth and as being an appeal to the irrational. However, the process toward knowledge needs some easier start. It may be poetry. Only if non-knowledge replaces true knowledge, or the irrational grows too gross, poetry becomes a danger. This is where the quarrel takes place. But if it turns out to be a true oratory toward true knowledge, there will no longer be any quarrel.
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