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題名：在信用交易下一些確定性存貨模型之研究
作者：莊鎧溫
作者(外文)：Chuang, Kai-Wayne
校院名稱：淡江大學
系所名稱：管理科學學系
指導教授：歐陽良裕
陳淼勝
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2003
主題關鍵詞：存貨；信用交易；退化信產品；非瞬間收到；Inventory；Trade Credit；Deteriorating Items；Noninstantaneous Receipt
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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在傳統的存貨模型中，通常假設零售商必需在產品送達時立即將貨款交付給供應商。然而，在實際商業交易行為中，供應商時常為了刺激市場的需求及增加營收，而給予零售商一段固定時間的付款期限。就零售商觀點而言，在貨款尚未支付之前，他可利用已售出之產品所取得的現金賺取利息；但貨款付清之後，則需支付未售出之產品資金積壓成本的利息。基於此原因，有很多學者探討信用交易在存貨系統中的影響。但以往有關信用交易的研究文獻，大多止於探討允許延遲付款的交易行為。在某些情況下，供應商為鼓勵零售商及早付款，而給予零售商現金折扣的優惠。例如：供應商提供零售商若在10天內支付貨款則給予1%的現金折扣；否則最遲在30天內應支付貨款，此信用條件記作 “1/10, net 30”。另一方面，有些產品例如新鮮蔬果、食品、藥物、酒精等揮發性液體、底片和電子元件等在正常的儲存過程中可能因為退化而使得存貨數量減少；亦即存貨水準除了因顧客的需求而減少外也因為退化而減少。所以，在面臨此類產品的存貨管理問題時，將產品退化的特性納入考量是必要的。此外，環顧現有文獻典籍，在存貨理論中另一頗為實際的非瞬間收到產品之訂購策略，討論信用交易對其影響的研究甚少被著墨。本論文試圖融合以往學者所提出的概念，以循序漸進的方式逐一探討含有信用交易的存貨問題，建構更為完善、使用範疇更為廣泛的存貨模型。
本論文係針對在信用交易下的存貨系統，提出五個確定性需求的存貨數
學模型。第二章討論允許延遲付款與有現金折扣下的存貨模型。在第三章中，進一步放寬不允許缺貨的假設，建立一個在允許延遲付款與有現金折扣下考慮部份欠撥的存貨模型。第四章則在產品退化率為具二參數韋伯分配的假設下，探討供應商提供允許延遲付款與有現金折扣的信用交易條件時的存貨問題。第五章則從另一個方向思考，首先探討允許延遲付款下非瞬間收到產品的存貨問題。接著，同時考慮允許延遲付款與有現金折扣下非瞬間收到產品的存貨問題。對於所提出的每一個模型，我們均建立簡單的定理及演算法來求得最適訂購策略，並且以數值範例說明所求模型的結果。
In the classical inventory model, it is tacitly assumed that payments must be paid to the supplier for the items immediately after receiving the consignment. However, in real business transactions, the supplier allows a certain fixed credit period to settle the account for stimulating retailer’s demand and increasing revenue. From the retailer’s viewpoint, during the credit period before payment must be made, he/she can generate sales revenue is deposited in an interest bearing account. At the end of this period, the retailer starts paying for the interest charges on the items in stocks. This phenomenon has prompted researchers to investigate the impacts of trade credit in the inventory systems. However, the extant papers only consider the effects of permissible delay in payments in the inventory model. In some situations, the supplier also may offer a cash discount to encourage retailer to pay for his purchases quickly. For example, the supplier offer a 1% discount off the price of the merchandise if the payment is made within 10 days; otherwise the full price of the merchandise is due within 30 days, and the credit terms denote as “1/10, net 30”. On the other hand, some products such as fruit, foodstuff, medicine, volatile liquids, photographic film and electronic components, etc. decrease under deterioration during their normal storage period. It makes the inventory level decrease not only by the demand, but also by the deterioration. As a result, when we discuss this kind of inventory management, it is necessary to consider the characteristic of deterioration. Moreover, viewing the domain of the noninstantaneous receipt model, existing literature discussing the trade credit is quite few. For this reason, this thesis attempts to involve the concepts of previous scholars, and seeks to formulate the more appropriate and extensive inventory models by gradually exploring the inventory system with trade credit.
This thesis proposes five deterministic inventory mathematical models for the inventory system under trade credit. In chapter 2, we discuss an inventory model under permissible delay in payments and cash discount. In chapter 3, then the model is further generalized to allow for shortages. In chapter 4, we discuss the problem of deterioration items under permissible delay in payments and cash discount, where the deterioration rate is a two-parameter Weibull distribution. In chapter 5, from another viewpoint, we first explore the problem of noninstantaneous receipt model under permissible delay in payments. Then, we propose a noninstantaneous receipt model to consider permissible delay in payments and cash discount, simultaneously. For all models proposed in this thesis, we establish a couple of easy-to-use theorems and algorithms to find the optimal order strategies, and utilize the numerical examples to illustrate the result of models.
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