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題名:測繪童妮˙摩里森小說中黑人女性主體:空間、身體與抗拒
作者:姚秀瑜
作者(外文):Hsiu-yu Yao
校院名稱:國立中山大學
系所名稱:外國語文學系研究所
指導教授:王儀君
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2005
主題關鍵詞:主體性空間身體抗拒童妮.摩里森BodyResistanceSubjectivityToni MorrisonSpace
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本論文旨在藉由探討存在於生產權力的空間以及承受或/和抗拒此權力的身體之間的辯證關係來測繪童妮•摩里森六本小說中的黑人女性主體。有鑑於主體乃心理、空間與社會權力交互作用下的產品,本研究對空間和身體提出心理分析式的地理政治學觀點。此為結合勒弗伯赫對空間所作的心理分析以及施律福特對個人不斷與空間中權力關係交涉的想法。
首章說明小說的歷史背景、本論文之動機、相關議題的文獻探討、方法論以及結構。次章解釋權力的場域、實踐此權力的身體場域與因應的抗拒策略,用以銓說本論文次標題—空間、身體與抗拒—如何貫穿摩里森的作品。接下來的三章各論述兩部小說。
第三章主要在研究《愛娃》和《爵士樂》兩本小說,勒弗伯赫的空間被抽象化概念,如何呈現奴隸制和資本主義剝奪或扭曲黑人女性的鏡中影像(理想我)並否決或腐化其立身於世之感與自愛的能力。黑人女性隨後更經歷一連串的社會化過程:先是內化白人的論述與城市的習俗,次而挖掘再釋放歷史上被壓抑的記憶,終能重新愛自己和別人以重塑其主體。其對自我的意識方得萌芽。
第四章,以勒弗伯赫的空間視覺化邏輯來檢視《最湛藍的眼睛》和《所羅門之歌》,北方的城市論述如何影響對身體的解讀,且令年輕女性臣服於資本主義和父權制度之下。其主體之建構誠屬失敗。
第五章試圖分析《蘇拉》和《柏油娃》,黑人女性將主體構築在區別自己與社群之不同。此社群面臨被來自代表陽物優勢的種族殖民、父權和資本主義所空間抽象化的威脅。是以,女主角採取被邊緣化或用旅行以轉換位置的策略來抵抗,並成全其對自我的堅持。末章為整部論文總結。
This dissertation aims to map the black female subject in Toni Morrison’s six fictions—The Bluest Eye, Sula, Song of Solomon, Tar Baby, Beloved, and Jazz—by exploring the dialectic between space, which produces power, and the body, which receives or/and resists the power. Since subjectivity relies on the interrelationship among mentality, space, and social power, I use psycho-geopolitical viewpoints about space and the body, which combine Henri Lefebvre’s psycho-spatial concept of “abstract space” reigned by a logic of visualization and Nigel Thrift’s theory of “personality” and “socialization” referring to the individual’s constant negotiations with power relations within space.
The introductory chapter presents the motivation of this study, the historical context of the fictions, literature reviews on relative issues, and finally the methodology and organization of the whole thesis. Chapter Two, by explaining the sites of power, the body as the site for articulating the power, and the ensuing strategies of resistance, elaborates how the subtitle of my dissertation—space, body, and resistance— would work in Morrison’s works. Then in each following chapter, two novels would be discussed.
In Chapter Three, “Positionality and Self-Love in Beloved and Jazz,” I study how Lefebvrezian spatial abstractions, through slavery and capitalism, present black female characters a deprived or distorted mirror image and consequently deny or corrupt their positionality and self-love. They then undergo a series of Thriftian socialization by first internalizing the white discourse and the urban mores, then by unearthing and letting go the historical repressed, and finally by recovering their love for self and others in order to reconstruct their subjectivities. They thus gain a budding sense of self.
In Chapter Four, “The Failure of Subjectivity in The Bluest Eye and Song of Solomon,” I would examine, in terms of Lefebvre’s “visualization” within space, how the urban discourse in the Northern setting influences the reading of the body and subordinates the female youngsters to a capitalist and patriarchal hierarchy of power.
Chapter Five, “Subjectivity with-out the Community: Sula and The Tar Baby,” is an attempt to analyze the black female characters’ subjectivity construction upon claiming difference from the community, which confronts spatial abstraction by the phallic power embodied in racial colonization, patriarchy, and capitalism. The heroines thus take marginality or shift locations through journeys as strategies for resistance. The final chapter is a conclusion of the whole thesis.
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