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題名：策略網絡鑲嵌強度與創新績效—庫諾雙占競爭賽局與實質選擇權觀點
作者：吳國強
作者(外文)：Guo-Ciang Wu
校院名稱：國立中山大學
系所名稱：企業管理學系研究所
指導教授：盧淵源
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2005
主題關鍵詞：鑲嵌強度；實質選擇權；創新績效；賽局理論；策略網絡；Strength of Embedded Ties；Game Theory；Strategic Networks；Innovation Performance；Real Options
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過去對於策略網絡鑲嵌性與創新績效的研究，存在著研究結論分歧不一的現象，而學者們主要聚焦於不同的鑲嵌強度所形塑的「資訊優勢」加以詮釋。本文與過去研究不同之處，在於以投資決策的角度，考量策略網絡鑲嵌所賦予的另一特性--「控制利益」，探討其對於廠商創新決策的影響。本研究以「專利申請」與「新產品上市」的速度做為創新績效的衡量指標，並將廠商的創新投資策略劃分為「先申請專利再推動新產品上市」、「申請專利與新產品上市同時進行」以及「先推動新產品上市後再申請專利」等三種創新投資策略。本文透過庫諾雙占賽局模型的建構以及實質選擇權觀點加以推演，就創新投資策略的選擇而言，分析結果發現若廠商建置的策略網絡鑲嵌強度愈強，其對專利費用的容忍度愈低，愈可能採取「申請專利與新產品上市同時進行」與「先推動新產品上市後再申請專利」的創新投資策略。其次，就創新績效表現而言，若廠商採取「先申請專利再推動新產品上市」的創新投資策略，則其所建構的策略網絡鑲嵌強度愈強，愈有助於新產品的上市速度，但未必能促使廠商提前申請專利; 而在其它兩種創新投資策略中，策略網絡鑲嵌強度與「專利申請」以及「新產品上市」的速度均未必具有顯著的正向關係。因為策略網絡鑲嵌所形塑的「控制利益」對新產品開發專案同時具有「利潤提昇效應」與「競爭優勢效應」，因此策略網絡鑲嵌強度與「專利申請」與「新產品上市」等創新績效的關聯性必須視兩效應相抵後的結果而定。
Prior research on the strength of embeddedness ties in strategic networks in influencing innovation performance has produced inconsistent conclusions. In this paper, drawing on an investment perspective on firms’ decision behavior, we argue that the “control benefits”—another characteristics of strategic networks—also affects firms’ innovation performance. According to previous research, we adopt the speed of “patent application” and “market introduction of a new product” to measure innovation performance. Furthermore, we divide firms’ innovation strategies into “apply for a patent and introduce the new product to market later”, “patent the innovation and market introduction immediately” as well as “introduce the new product to market and apply for a patent later”.
We examine the relationship between the strength of enbeddedness ties and firms’ innovation performance using the theoretical frames of game theory and real options. After the analysis of Cournot duopoly game model and real options approach, several findings are acquired as follows: (a) the higher the strength of embeddedness ties, the more likely the firm is to abandon the innovation strategy “apply for a patent and introduce the new product to market later” and adopt innovation strategies “patent the innovation and market introduction immediately” or “introduce the new product to market and apply for a patent later”; (b) if the firm adopts the innovation strategy “apply for a patent and introduce the new product to market later”, then the strength of embeddedness ties has a positive effect on the speed of market introduction of the new product, but the relationship between the strength of embeddedness ties and the speed of patent application is not sure; (c) if the firm adopts innovation strategies “patent the innovation and market introduction immediately” or “introduce the new product to market and apply for a patent later”, then the strength of embeddedness ties has both positive and negative impact on the speed of “patent application” and “market introduction of a new product”, and therefore the relationship between the strength of embeddedness ties and the innovator’s innovation performance is indeterminable. The research findings indicate that the innovator may delay the application for patent or postpone the launching of a new product because of the “control benefits” derived from different strength of embeddedness ties. These results have broad implications for future research on strategic networks and innovation.
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