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題名:台灣廠商之電子商務技術使用行為分析
作者:王光賢
作者(外文):Kuang-Hsien Wang
校院名稱:國立中央大學
系所名稱:產業經濟研究所
指導教授:劉錦龍
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2006
主題關鍵詞:電子商務propensity score matching methodelectronic commerce
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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本論文旨在利用Propensity score matching method之實證研究方法以對台灣製造業廠商使用電子商務行為進行分析,藉由此一議題之探討,以了解資訊科技對於廠商行為所可能形成之技術影響效果。
根據本論文之分析架構,首先針對電子商務之文獻加以回顧檢視,並說明台灣政府在過去所實施推動之電子商務之相關策略措施。在實證研究方面,本文利用2001年工商普查之製造業抽樣調查資料進行電子商務行為分析,為比較電子商務之衝擊效果,故本文另使用1991年之抽樣調查資料針對電腦的技術採用效果做為比較分析。
在電腦與電子商務所可能產生之技術影響效果上,本文分為兩部份加以討論,第一部份係不分技術之用途與型態進行,其實證結果顯示在不同matching方法下,使用新技術下對於總要素生產力之增幅分別為13.76%~130.48%與10.40%~16.76%,而對於勞動生產力之貢獻則為可以分別增加每單位勞動具NT$24,587~730,994與NT$205,695~302,966之附加價值。在廠商薪資結構部份,技術勞動可以因為新技術的使用而分別具有NT$34,647~100,929與NT$27,706~42,943的薪資成長,其高於非技術勞動在兩種新技術使用下之薪資成長NT$15,977~47,735與NT$11,210~12,186,且電腦所能造成之技術貢獻高於電子商務所能形成之技術回饋。在銷售與出口行為部份,銷售值在電腦使用下所能形成之技術貢獻雖仍高於電子商務,然而電子商務使用下之出口值則是會較未使用技術廠商高出NT$11,883,433~12,138,041,其技術貢獻高於電腦下之NT$3,397,652。
第二部份之實證進行係針對依用途分類之電腦與依型態分類之電子商務之細項技術效果進行分析與比較。其中在在1991年依不同用途使用之電腦所能達到之技術影響效果上,本文得到三個結論,包括:第一,除出口比率指標以外,使用單一用途亦或多元用途之電腦的廠商將產生正向之技術影響效果,得以提升其生產力、技術升級、薪資結構、銷售收入與出口收入。第二,在單一用途電腦部份,其技術影響效果將視技術特性與指標特性之關聯度大小而有相對大小之區分,然並沒有辦法對於技術影響效果做絕對性大小之排序。第三,在單一用途與多元用途電腦之技術影響效果比較上,在大部份指標部份均呈現多元用途電腦下之技術回饋大於單一用途下所能產生之技術回饋。
最後,在分類之電子商務下,發現:第一,電子商務所能對製造業廠商產生之技術影響效果均為正向,亦即若廠商採用電子商務,均會對其在生產力、技術升級、薪資結構、銷售與出口行為產生正的技術回饋。第二,在比較單一類型的電子商務時,可以發現當廠商採用愈複雜之技術下,所得之技術回饋會較簡易技術下所得之技術回饋為高,然在出口行為上,此種推論並不適宜,而是與廠商採行技術之技術特性有關,當技術本身的特性係較與出口行為相關聯時,其所能造成之技術回饋也就愈大。第三,在比較同時使用多類型與單一類型之電子商務之實證結果可以發現同時使用多類型之技術下之技術回饋會高於單一類型下之技術回饋,顯示多元的技術組合可以提高廠商在生產力、技術升級、薪資結構、銷售與出口行為之貢獻。
This paper uses firm-level data from the Industry, Commerce and Service Sampling Survey to determine why firms use electronic commerce technology and how this technology affects the firm’s total factor productivity, labor productivity, skill upgrading, average wages, average skilled labor wages, average unskilled labor wages, total sales, total export and export intensity. To perform the analysis, we employ the propensity score matching method developed by Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983).
In analyzing the determinants of firms using e-commerce technology, our results show that old firms, that have higher R&D expenditure, that have foreign capital and have large scales of operation, will tend to adopt technology. Furthermore, the adoption of e-commerce technology contribute positively to the firm’s total factor productivity, labor productivity, skill upgrading, average wages, average skilled labor wages, average unskilled labor wages, total sales, total export and export intensity. Our results are consistent with existing empirical evidence that also shows a positive relationship.
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