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題名:評選海外市場進入模式之群體決策程序
作者:石素娟
作者(外文):Su-Chuan Shih
校院名稱:臺灣大學
系所名稱:國際企業學研究所
指導教授:吳青松
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2006
主題關鍵詞:進入模式選擇網絡分析法階層分析法群體決策entry mode selectionAnalytical Network Process (ANP)Analytical Hieratical Process (AHP)multiple criteria decisiongroup decision
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各企業具有其特殊的經營管理文化,也因各企業所屬之產業而有其特質。各國的法律與市場情況對於各種方式的進入模式,分別有其特定之性質。因此若一特定企業欲從一特定投資區位中,選擇該投資區位的最適進入模式時,投資區位及進入模式兩者各具不同的因素,各項因素交叉所形成須考慮之項目繁多,但對於該企業而言卻也是特定的。不同之進入模式對於該企業之經營、生產、市場、財務及人事均產生不同程度的影響。而影響模式選擇的原因,可能來自市場交易成本、地主國體制環境、企業本身的資源特性、及策略性動機等因素,這些因素對特定跨國企業的經營,會產生不同程度的影響,並進一歩影響其進入模式的選擇。
實務上,一家企業的決策者(或小組),對於進入一個特定區位投資時,其主要決策在於如何從數個可行的進入模式中評選出最適的進入模式。若一已知的企業欲前往一已知的國家投資時,進入模式為重要之策略。本研究以台灣某一電腦企業欲進入越南投資為例,說明我們所提出之評選最適進入模式之群體決策程序。本研究之目的著重於企業之實務應用,依據國際企業學域中進入模式的三個主要理論:交易成本經濟學、資源基礎、與體制觀點,訂定評選的主要因素與指標。利用層級分析程序(Analytical Hierarchy Process, AHP)與網絡分析程序(Analytical Network Process, ANP)以群體決策評選進入模式。
本論文第二章對進入模式的文獻加以區分為六類,並列出本論文所採用的十一項主要因素,二十七個指標、及十一種進入模式的定義與其理論基礎,加以敘述。第三章簡述AHP與ANP之方法,以及群體決策之進行流程。第四章,以AHP評選獨資、合資、契約式協議、直接出口、間接出口五種進入模式,使用四個主要因素之十二項評選指標。第五章為兩階段之評選過程,第一階段是以AHP對「有股權」或「無股權」之進入模式,抉擇兩者之一,以本研究所提之廠商案例,模擬評選結果採用有股權之進入模式,使用四個主要因素之十四項評選指標。第二階段則以五個主要因素之十五項評選指標,分別以AHP與ANP兩種程序進行評選六種有股權之進入模式。並加以比較AHP與ANP之評選結果。第六章討論本研究之貢獻與研究上之限制,也試探延伸研究之機會。
Entry mode selection is an important and practical task for an enterprise when entering a foreign market. We illustrate the proposed group decision process for entry mode selection by the case of a notebook computer company in Taiwan considers to enter Vietnam market. The process would benefit enterprises in practice implementation. Base on the theories of Transaction Cost Economics, Resource Base, and Institutional Approach, we tailored major factors and indices for the enterprise to select entry modes. In the first phase of the Two-Phase approach, we employ Analytical Hieratical Process (AHP) to determine equity or non-equity investment. In the second phase, we employ Analytical Network Process (ANP) to select six entry modes with equity investment: New Venture, Acquisition, Merger, Majority Joint Venture, Equality Joint Venture, and Minority Joint Venture.
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