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題名：補充麩醯胺對耐力運動恢復期生化值之影響
作者：何應志
作者(外文)：Ying-Chih Ho
校院名稱：國立體育學院
系所名稱：體育研究所
指導教授：許美智
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2007
主題關鍵詞：蛋白質水解；脂解作用；磷酸肌酶；血氨；乳酸；支鏈胺基酸；間白素-6；胰島素；游離脂肪酸；甘油；葡萄糖；麩醯胺；glutamine；glucose；insulin；free fatty acid；glycerol；IL-6；lactate；ammonia；creatine kinase；BCAA；lipolysis；proteolysis.
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本研究針對麩醯胺(glutamine)進行耐力運動後之補充，探討其對耐力運動後恢復期能量利用、胺基酸平衡及其他疲勞相關生化值之影響。本研究以10位國立體育學院柔道隊選手為受試者，實驗採用雙盲交叉設計，每位受試者必須在進行1小時75%VO2max強度之運動後，分別補充0.1g/kg-bw 之L-glutamine或安慰劑(成分為methylcellulose)，於運動前、運動後第0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120分鐘進行靜脈採血，並進行相關血液生化値分析。結果顯示補充glutamine對恢復期血中葡萄糖及胰島素濃度並無明顯之影響，但在脂肪代謝上，補充組血中甘油濃度於恢復期60、90及120分鐘時皆明顯低於安慰劑組，游離脂肪酸之濃度也有低於安慰組之趨勢，此外補充組血中間白素-6(IL-6)濃度，在運動過後持續維持在明顯高於安慰劑組之濃度；在血中胺基酸濃度上，補充組於恢復期中，血中glutamine濃度始終高於安慰劑組，同時因代謝之影響，麩胺酸(glutamate)、及丙胺酸(alanine)之濃度於於恢復期15分鐘時亦明顯高於安慰劑組，而支鏈胺基酸(branched-chain amino acid, BCAA)濃度則在恢復期45分鐘時，明顯低於安慰劑組，而在恢復期120分鐘時則發現血中苯丙胺酸(phenylalanine)與酪胺酸(tyrosine)明顯高於安慰劑組，此外在恢復期120分鐘時安慰劑組大部份之胺基酸濃度皆明顯低於運動前，而補充組僅有glutamate之濃度明顯低於運動前；而在肌酸肌酶(creatine kinase；CK)、乳酸(lactate)及血氨(NH3)之比較上，兩組間並無明顯之差異。所以，在耐力運動後補充glutamine，可明顯抑制體內的脂解作用(lipolysis)，同時讓IL-6 的濃度維持在較高之濃度，IL-6在運動後胰島素濃度較低之情況下，發揮其類荷爾蒙之作用，促進肝臟產生更多的葡萄糖，以及讓葡萄糖更快速的進入肌肉中，因而提高了身體對醣的利用率。另外，補充glutamine可避免耐力運動後血中glutamine及其它胺基酸濃度之下降，同時可以抑制BCAA之代謝，減緩蛋白質水解(proteolysis)的發生，因此可避免耐力運動後所造成之免疫功能之下降，與肌肉蛋白分解；此外，補充glutamine並無法較快清除乳酸及NH3，以及降低CK值，對於運動後的之疲勞恢復並無較有利之影響。
This study investigated the effects of glutamine supplement on metabolic responses during recovery after endurance exercise. In this randomized, crossover study, seven healthy male judo athletes were randomly divided into two groups and performed a single bout of exercise at an estimated speed corresponding to the 75﹪VO2max for 60 min, and then, took either a placebo or glutamine at 0.1g/kg-wt. Blood samples of each athlete were collected before exercise, and 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 minutes after exercise, respectively. The experiment was repeated two weeks later, but treatments were exchanged for two groups. The concentrations of glucose, insulin, free fatty acid, glycerol, IL-6, lactate, ammonia, creatine kinase, and 19 amino aicds in blood were examined. No differences in the levels of glucose, insulin, lactate, ammonia, or creatine kinase between two groups were observed. Compared to the placebo group, the concentration of glycerol in the glutamine group was significantly lower at 45, 60, and 120-min recovery period, and the concentration of IL-6 was significantly higher at 30, 45, 60, and 120-min recovery period. In the concentration of blood amino acids, the glutamine concentration were significantly higher during the 120-min recovery period in glutamine group, and the alanine and glutamate concentration in glutamine group also show significantly higher at the 15-min recovery period. Furthermore, the BCAA concentration in glutamine group was lower at 45-min recovery period, and the phenylalanine and tyrosine concentration were lower at 120-min recovery period. The concentration of most amino acids in placebo group at 120-min recovery period were significant lower than pre-exercise, but only glutamate in glutamine group. The results indicate that glutamine supplement during exercise recovery period could inhibit the lipolysis, and induce the higher IL-6 level, and this make advantage to glucose utilization for body. Glutamine supplement also prevent the glutamine depletion, maintain the blood concentration of glutamine and other amino aicds after the endurance exercise, and high level of blood glutamine concentration may reduce the BCAA metabolism, decreased the proteolysis during the recovery period.
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