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題名：整合製造與物流對價值鏈影響之研究
作者：陳放子
作者(外文)：Fang-Tzu Chen
校院名稱：國立成功大學
系所名稱：工業與資訊管理學系碩博士班
指導教授：耿伯文
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2007
主題關鍵詞：供應鏈管理；協同；存貨；越庫作業；物流中心；製造與配銷策略；inventory；cross-docking；distribution center；collaboration；supply chain management
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透過製造與配銷的最佳資源配置,使配送過程達到系統成本最小化,讓整個物流系統更具有競爭力,為降低供應鏈中總相關成本,本文提出兩種生產配銷系統,依物流中心之功能為存貨整合點或為商品儲存點之差異而分,前者是越庫作業策略,後者是傳統之倉儲策略,製造商之製造程序因與其搭配之物流配銷策略不同而異,以一案例加以說明模式之發展,發現越庫作業產生重大之成本節省,用迴歸分析探討所增購數量百分比及節省成本比例之關係,增購數量百分比越大所節省成本比例有增加趨勢。
雖然有多篇文章針對買方與賣方關係質與量層面之議題加以討論, 但多數討論二階配銷系統(the two-echelon system)。本文著重在有製造商、物流中心及零售商之三階配銷系統,有關經濟訂購量、運送批量及運送次數之決策。作者提出二次整合模式(two-integrated model ,TIM), 並著眼於在供應鏈中二次整合模式之串聯與執行。本文用一案例確定模式之可行,本研究案例預期結果,在供應鏈買賣行為中,若完全採用零售商最適模式之運送批量及運送次數,則物流中心於相關總成本上損失百分比最大,而供應鏈中各成員同意合作,並採用整合模式中之最適運送數量,那麼系統之總相關成本較典型運送策略之總成本,可以有顯著地降低。
In this study, two models are developed to coordinate both production and distribution in order to reduce the relevant costs in a supply chain. According to the functions of the distribution center, there is a distinction between an inventory coordination point and an inventory storage point. The former is a cross-docking strategy, and the latter is a traditional warehousing strategy. The manufacturer has distinct production processes when cooperating with the distribution center. Case study analysis is used to illustrate the models developed, in which the following conclusions can be obtained: the cross-docking distribution strategy will result in tremendous savings in the total system cost for the supply chain.
This study has made two important contributions to the production, and logistics literature. First, the range of applications is extended by studying a new combinatorial problem that incorporates cross-docking in a supply chain environment. Second, computational performance with cross docking is evaluated. The benefit delivery policy for a distribution center has been found by means of integrating manufacturer production planning and a distribution center delivery policy.
Several studies have addressed both qualitatively and quantitatively on the "buyer-supplier" relationship, however, most of them emphasized on the two-echelon system. This study specifically focuses on the decisions of economic order quantity, shipment sizes, and number of shipments, which are made under a three-echelon supply chain among manufacturer, distribution center, and retailer. A two-integrated model (TIM) is developed, accordingly. And the authors focus on the linkage of the two integrated models in the supply chain. From the results of this study, it is found that while the retailer becomes the focal company in supply chain, the DC’s loss tend to be the largest. However, if all parties in a supply chain agree to collaborate, and follow the joint optimal shipment size, the total relevant cost within the supply chain can be significantly reduced comparing with typical delivery policy.
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