:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:應用社會網絡理論於國際企業內部知識分享網絡 及國際企業外部知識流網絡之分析
作者:何怡芳
作者(外文):Yvonne Ho
校院名稱:臺灣大學
系所名稱:國際企業學研究所
指導教授:邱宏仁
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2008
主題關鍵詞:社會網絡理論網絡位置知識分享知識流知識仲介者Social network theoryNetwork PositionKnowledge SharingKnowledge FlowKnowledge Brokerage
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:0
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:49
本論文以社會網絡理論為研究出發點,將國際企業分成企業內部與企業外部兩個層面,藉由實證分析及社會網絡分析方法,討論知識網絡以及網絡位置對國際企業的影響。在國際企業內部網絡的層面,藉由建立知識分享網絡,討論何種網絡關係和網絡位置會影響外顯或內隱知識的分享;另外,在國際企業外部層面,利用專利權授權及被授權的資料庫,建立國際企業外部的知識流網絡,將專利權細份為四種授權形式,討論知識流對網絡位置以及企業績效的影響,並進一步討論知識仲介者在知識流網絡所扮演的角色及其影響。
本論文研究目的是希望藉由社會網絡的方式,找出國際企業知識分享與知識流更有效率及更關鍵的因素為何,實證研究結果發現,在國際企業內部的知識分享網絡中,諮詢網絡關係會對外顯知識分享產生影響,而友誼網絡關係則部份會影響外顯與內隱知識的分享;在國際企業外部的知識網絡方面,不同的知識流會影響企業在網絡中所佔據的位置,知識流會影響國際企業的績效,而知識仲介者的確會影響企業績效,不同的知識仲介者類型也會對企業績效產生影響。
本論文的研究結果證實網絡關係與網絡位置的重要性,並且能提供學術及實務界作為參考,如果國際企業能在此知識關鍵的時代,掌握自己本身的內部網絡關鍵位置,並清楚自己在國際企業外部所佔據的網絡位置,就能進一步根據自身的網絡關係與網絡位置,對知識的分享與知識流的建立產生影響,使企業能透過網絡概念的建立,更有效率的建立自身的優勢。
This dissertation is based on social network theory; we separate the MNE into intra-and-inter dimensions. By empirical analysis and social network analysis method, we discuss if knowledge network and network position will have influence on MNE. In intra-MNE dimension, we build up a knowledge sharing network and we discuss which network relation and network position affect explicit / tacit knowledge sharing. In addition, in inter-MNE dimension, we take use the patent citation database to build an inter-MNE knowledge flow network. We also divide patent citation into four patterns. We discuss if knowledge flow and patent citation will have influence on network position and MNE’s performance. Moreover, we talk more about the influence and the role brokerage plays in a knowledge flow network.
The research goal of this dissertation is that we hope to explore the critical factors which have influence on MNE’s knowledge sharing and knowledge flow. From the empirical result, we find that in intra-MNE dimension, advice relation will have influence on explicit knowledge sharing through centrality position. And friendship relation will partially have influence on explicit and tacit knowledge sharing through degree centrality. In inter-MNE dimension, different knowledge flow and patent citation pattern will have influence on network position. And network position will have influence on MNE’s performance. At the same time, knowledge brokerage in a knowledge-based network will have influence on MNE’s performance by different brokerage types.
The empirical result from the dissertation support our assumption that network relation and network position are important. And the result also gives some suggestions for both academic study and also business. In this knowledge-based age, if MNE can easily understand its position in a knowledge-based network, then MNE can take good use of its advantage position and have some positive influence on its performance.
Adler, P.S. & Kwon, S.W. 2002. “Social capital: prospect for a new concept”,
Academy of Management Review 27(1): 17-40.
Adler, N., & Hashai, N., 2007. Knowledge flows and the modeling of The
multinational enterprise, Journal of International Business Studies, 38, 639-657.
Aitken, B.J. & Harrison, A.E. 1999 ''Do domestic firms benefit from direct foreign investment?'' American Economic Review 89(3): 605-618.
Allen, T. 1977. Managing the flow of technology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Almeida, P. 1996 . “Knowledge sourcing by foreign multinationals: patent citation
analysis in the US semiconductor industry'', Strategic Management Journal
117(Special Issue): 155-165.
Alvesson, M.. & Karreman, D. (2001). Odd couple: Making sense of the curious
concept of knowledge management. Journal of Management Studies, 38(7),
995-1018.
Andersson, U., Forsgren, M., & Pedersen, T., 2001. Subsidiary performance in multinational corporations: the importance of technology embeddedness. Int. Bus. Rev. 10, 3–23.
Andrews, K. M., & Delahaye, B. L. (2000). Influences on knowledge processes in
organizational learning: The psychological filter. Journal of Management Studies, 37(6), 2322-2380.
Armbrecht, F. M. R., Jr., Chapas, R. B., Chappelow, C. C., & Farris, G. F. (2001).
Knowledge management in research and development. Research Technology
Management, 44(2), 28-48.
Autio, E., Sapienza, H., & Almeida, J. 2000. Effects of age at entry, knowledge
intensity, and imitability on international growth. Academy of Management Journal, 43(5): 909-924.
Bartlett, C.A. and Ghoshal, S. 1989. Managing Across Borders: The Transnational Solution,Harvard Business School Press: Boston, MA..
Batjargal, B. 2003 ''Social capital and entrepreneurial performance in Russia: a longitudinal study, Organization Studies, 24(4): 535-556.
Becerra-Fernandez, I., & Sabherwal, R. (2001). Organizational knowledge management: A contingency perspective. Journal of Management Information Systems, 18(l), 23-55.
Beauchamp, M. A. 1965 . An improved index of centrality. Behavioral Science, 10:161–163.
Birkinshaw, J., Ridderstrale, J., 1999. Fighting the corporate immune system: a process study of subsidiary initiatives in multinational corporations. Int. Bus.
Bjo¨rkman, I., Barner-Rasmussen, W., and Li, L. 2004, Managing knowledge transfer in MNCs: the impact of headquarters control mechanisms, Journal of International Business Studies, 35, 443–455.
Blau, Peter.1969. Objectives of Sociology. A Design for Sociology: Scope, Objectives and Methods. (Edited by Robert Bierstedt.) Philadelphia: The American Academy of Political and Social Science.
Boland, R. J. J., & Tenkasi, R. V. (1995). Perspective making and perspective taking in communities of knowing. Organization Science, 6(4), 350-372.
Borgatti, S.P., Everett, M.G. and Freeman, L.C. 2002. Ucinet for Windows: Software for Social Network Analysis. Harvard, MA: Analytic Technologies.
Borgatti, S. & Cross, R. 2003. A relational view of information seeking and learning in social networks. Management Science, 49: 432-445
Bonacich, Philip, (1987). "Power and centrality: A family of measures." American
Journal of Sociology, 5: 1170-1182.
Borgatti, S. P. 1995. Centrality and AIDS. Connections, 18: 112-114.
Borgatti, S.P., Everett, M.G. and Freeman, L.C. 2002. Ucinet for Windows: Software for Social Network Analysis. Harvard, MA: Analytic Technologies.
Branstetter, Lee. 2000b. "Is Foreign Direct Investment a Channel of Knowledge
Spillovers? Evidence from Japan''s FDI in the United States." National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 8015.
Brass, D.J. (1992), Power Organizations: A Social network perspective. In G. Moore& A. Whitt (Vol. 4. Eds), Research in Politics and Science, 295-323. Greenwich, CT:JAI Press.
Brass, D. 1984. Being in the right place: A structural analysis of individual influence in an organization. Administrative Science Quarterly, 29: 518–539.
Brass, D. J. 1995. Creativity: It’s all in your social network. In C. M. Ford & D. A. Gioia (Eds.), Creative action in organizations: 94–99. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Brass, D. J., & Burkhardt, M. E. 1993. Potential power and power use: An investigation of structure and behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 36: 44–470.
Breitzman, A. F., Mogee, M. E.,2002. "The many applications of patent analysis", 25 Journal of Information Science, Vol.28, No.3, pp.187-205.
Buckley, P., Carter, M., 2002. Process and structure in knowledge management practices of British and US multinational enterprises. J. Internat. Manag. 8, 29–48.
Burns, T., Stalker, G.M., 1961. The Management of Innovation. Tavistock, London
Rev. 8, 149–180.
Burt, Ronald S. 1992, Structural Holes, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Burt, R.S., 1997a. "The Contingent Value of Social Capital", Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 42, pp.339—365.
Burt R.S., 1997b. "A Note on Social Capital and Network Content". Social Networks, Vol. 19, pp.355—373.
Burt, Ronald S. 1999. The Social Capital of Leaders. Annuals 566: 37-54.
Burt, R. 2001a “Structural holes versus network closure as social capital.” In N.
Burt, Ronald S. 2005. An Introduction to Social Capital, Brokerage and Closure. Oxford University Press.
Burt, Ronald S. 2007, Secondhand Brokerage: Evidence On The Importance Of Local
Structure For Managers, Bankers, and Analysts. Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 50, No. 1, 119–148.
Burton, F., Chapman, M., Cross, A. (Eds.), International BusinessOrganisation:Subsidiary Management Entry Strategies and Emerging Markets. Macmillan, London, pp. 85–102.
Cantwell, J. (Ed.) 1994. Transnational Corporations and Innovative Activity, Routledge, London.
Cantwell, J.A. and Janne, O.E.M. 1999. „Technological globalization and innovative centers: the role of corporate technological leadership and locational hierarchy, Research Policy 28(2–3): 119–144.
Chen, H. and Chen, T.-J. (1998) ''Network linkages and location choice in foreign direct investment'', Journal of International Business Studies, 29(3): 445-468.
Chen, T.-J. (2003) ''Network resources for internationalization: the case of Taiwan''s electronics firms'', Journal of Management Studies, 40(5): 1107-1130.
Coleman, (1990). Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press.
Coleman, 1990. Foundations of Social Theory . Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press.
Cunningham. Malcolm T. and Eric Homse. 1986. Controlling the marketing-purchasing interface: Resource development and organizational implications. Industrial Marketing and Purchasing l(2): 3-27. Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1990). Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35, 128-152.
Cunningham. Malcolm T. and Eric Homse. 1986. Controlling the
marketing-purchasing interface: Resource development and organisational
implications.I ndustrial Marketing and Purchusing l(2): 3-27.
Darr, E. D., Argote, L., & Epple, D. 1995. The acquisition, transfer, and depreciation of knowledge in service organizations: Productivity in franchises. Management Science, 41, 1750-1762.
Davenport, T. H., & Prusak, L. (1998). Working knowledge: How organizations
manage what they know. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Dekker, D., Stockman, K., Franses, P.H., 2000, Broker Positions in Task-Specific Knowledge Networks: Effects on Perceived Performance and Role Stressors in an Account Management System, ERS-2000-37-MKT.
Duguet, E., M. MacGarvie,2005."How well do patent citations measure knowledge spillovers? Evidence from French innovative surveys", Econom. Innovation New Tech. Vol. 14, No.5.
Doz. Y., Santos, J., &Williamson. P. (2001). From global to metanational. Boston:
Harvard Business School Press.
Drucker, P. 1993. Post-capitalist society. New York: Harper Business.
Ellis, P. 2000. ''Social ties and foreign market entry'', Journal of International Business
Studies 31(3): 443-469.
Ellis, P. and Pecotich, A. 2001. ''Social factors influencing export initiation in small
and medium-sized enterprises'', Journal of Marketing Research 38(1): 119-1 30.
Fernandez, Roberto M. & Gould, Roger V. 1994 A Dilemma of state power:
Brokerage and influence in the national health policy domain. American
Journal of Sociology, Vol 99, Issue 6 , 1455-1491.
Florida, R., 1997. The globalisation of R&D. Res. Policy 26, 85–103.
Fombrun, Charles J. (1982) "Strategies for network research in organizations."
Academy of Management Review. 7: 280-291.
Foss N.J., and Pedersen T., 2004, Organizing knowledge processes in the multinational corporation: an introduction, Journal of International Business Studies (2004) 35, 340–349.
Foss, N. and Pedersen, T. 2001. Building a MNC knowledge structure: the role of
knowledge sources, complementarities and organizational context, Paper Presented at the 2001 LINK Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Freeman, L. C., 1979, “Centrality in Social Networks: A Conceptual Clarification.” Social Networks 1: 211-213.
Frost, T.S. 2001. ''The geographic sources of foreign subsidiaries'' innovations'', Strategic Management Journal 22(2): 101-123.
Fukuyama, Francis. (1995). Trust. NY: Free Press.
Galaskiewicz, J., and Krohn, K.R., 1984. Positions, Roles, and Dependencies in a Community Interorganization System. The Sociological Quarterly 25 (4), 527–550.
Gould R.V and Fernandez R. M., 1989, Structures of Mediation: A Formal Approach to Brokerage in Transaction Networks, Sociological Methodology, Vol. 19., pp. 89-126.
Granovetter, Mark. 1973. "The Strength of Weak Ties. " American Journal of Sociology, 78:1360-80.
Granovetter, M.1974. Getting a job: A study of contacts and careers. Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press.
Granovetter, M.1982. The strength of weak ties: A network theory revisited. In Social
structure and network analysis, edited by P. Marsden and N. Lin. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Granovetter, Mark., 1985. "Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of
Embeddedness." American Journal of Sociology 91:481-510.
Gulati, Ranjay. 1995. Familiarity breeds trust? The implications of repeated ties for
contractual choice in alliances. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 85-112.
Gupta, A.K. and Govindarajan, V. 2000 „Knowledge flows within multinational
corporations, Strategic Management Journal 21(4): 473–496.
Gupta, A.K. and Govindarajan, V., 1994, ”Organizing for Knowledge Flows within MNCs,” International Business Review, 3, 4, 443-457
Hackman, J.R., 1987. "The Design of Work Teams". In Handbook of Organizational
Behavior Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Hakanson, L., Noble, M., 2001. Organisational characteristics and reverse technology transfer. Manag. Int. Rev. 41 (4), 395–420.
Hanneman R.A., & Riddle M, 2005, Introduction to social network methods, Riverside, CA: University of California, Riverside.
Hansen, M. T. (1999), The search-transfer problem: The role of weak ties in sharing
knowledge across organization subunits. Admin. Sci. Quart. 44(1) 82-111.
Hansen, M. T. (2002), Knowledge networks: Explaining effective knowledge sharing in multiunit companies. Organization Science; 13, 3.
Harris, S. and Wheeler, C. 2005. ''Entrepreneurs'' relationships for internationalization:
functions, origins and strategies'', International Business Review 14(2): 187-207.
Haskel, J.E., Pereira, S.C. and Slaughter, M.J. 2002. ''Does inward foreign direct investment boost the productivity of domestic firms?'', NBER Working Paper 8724, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.
Hedlund, G. 1986. ''The hypermodern MNC: a heterarchy?'' Human Resource Management 25(1): 9-35.
Hendriks, P. (1999). Why share knowledge? The influence of ICT on the motivation
for knowledge sharing. Knowledge and Process Management, 6(2), 91 - 100.
Hennart, J. F., Zeng, M. (2002), Cross Culture differences and Joint venture longevity,
Journal of International Business Studies, 33 (4).
Hummell, H.J. and W. Sodeur, 1987, " Triaden- und Triplettzensus als Mittel der
Strukturbeschreibung ", in F.U. Pappi (ed.), 1987a, Methoden der
Netzwerkanalyse. Muenchen, Oldenbourg, 129-161.
Hutchins, E. 1991. Organizing work by adaptation. Organ. Sci. 214–29.
Ibarra Herminia, (1992) Personal Networks of Women and Minorities in Management: A Conceptual Framework , Academy of Management Review, Vol. 18, No. 1 (Jan., 1993) , pp. 56-87.
Ibarra Herminia, (1995). Race, Opportunity and Diversity of Social Circles in Managerial Networks. Academy of Management Journal. 38:673-701.
Ibarra,H. & S.B. Andrews, 1993. "Power, Social-Influence, and Sense Making - Effects of Network Centrality and Proximity on Employee Perceptions", Administrative Science.
Inkpen, A.C. and Tsing, W.K. 2005. ''Social capital, networks, and knowledge transfer'', Academy of Management Review, 30(1): 146-165.
Ipe, M. (2003), Knowledge Sharing on Organizations: A Conceptual Framework, Human Resource Development Review; 2, 4;p. 337, Quarterly, Vol 38, pp.277—303.
James Nebus, (2006), Building collegial information networks: A theory of advice
network generation. Academy of Management Review, Vol.31. No. 3, 615-637.
Jaffe, A., M. Trajtenberg, and R. Henderson, "Geographic Localization of 27 Knowledge Spillovers as Evidenced by Patent Citations", Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol.108, No.3, pp.577-598, 1993.
Jaffe, A. B., M. Trajtenberg, 2002.Patent, Citations and Innovations: a Window on
the Knowledge Economy, MIT Press Cambridge, MA.
Jehn, K.A., G.B.Northcraft & M.A.Neale, 1999. "Why Differences Make a Difference: A Field Study of Diversity, Conflict, and Performance in Workgroups", Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 44, pp.741—763.
Knoke, David, and Ronald S. Burt 1983 "Prominence." In Ronald S. Burt and Michael J. Minor (eds.), Applied Network Analysis: 195-222. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Knoke, D., 1990, Networks of Political Actions: Toward Theory Constructions, Social Forces, 68(4):1041-1063.
Kogut, B, (1995). Knowledge and the Speed of the Transfer and Imitation of
Organizational Capabilities. Organization Science 6(1) 76-92.
Kogut, B and Zander, (1992) ‘Knowledge of the firm, integration capabilities, and the replication of technology’, Organization Science 3: 383–397.
Krackhardt, D. 1990. Assessing the political landscape: Structure, cognition and power in organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35: 342–369.
Krackhardt, David (1990) "Assessing the political landscape: Structure, cognition, and power in organizations." Administrative Science Quarterly. 35: 342-369.
Krackhardt, David and Martin Kilduff 2002, Structure, culture and Simmelian Ties in Entrepreneurial firms. Social Network 24:279-290.
Lam, A. (1997). Embedded firms, embedded knowledge: Problem of collaboration and knowledge transfer in global cooperative ventures. Organization Studies, 18(6), 973-996.
Lave, J., & Wenger, E. 1991. Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lee, C., Lee, L., Pennings, J.M. 2001, Internal capabilities, external networks, and performance: A study on technology-based ventures. Strategic Management Journal, 22: 615-640.
Li-Yueh Chen, (2006), “ Effect of Knowledge Sharing to Organizational Marketing Effectiveness in Large accounting firms that are strategically alligined.” Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge; pg. 176.
Lin, K. Cook, and R. Burt (eds.), Social Capital: Theory and Research. Aldine de Gruyter. 2001b “Bandwidth and echo: Trust, information, and gossip in social networks.” In A. Casellaand J. Rauch (eds.), Networks and Markets: Contributions from Economics and Sociology. Russell Sage Foundation.
Lin, N. 1999, Building a network theory of social capital, INSEA, 28(1).
Lin, N. 2001. Social Capital: A Theory of Social Structure and Action. By Nan Lin. Cambridge University Press.
Lyles, M. A. Salk, J.E. (2007), Knowledge acquisition from foreign parents in international joint ventures: an empirical examination in the Hungarian context, Journal of International Business Studies, 38.
Lyles, M.A. CR Schwenk , (1992), - Top management, strategy and organizational knowledge structures, Journal of Management Studies.
Madhok, A. (2006), How much does ownership really matter? Equity and trust relations in joint venture relationships, Journal of International Business Studies, 37(1).
Marie-Christine Piron, (2000), The network characteristics, the dimensions of network ties, the characteristics of network ties and their impact on managerial effectiveness, Concordia University.
Marsden, P.V., 1982. "Brokerage Behavior in Restricted Exchange Networks." In P.V.
McEvily, Bill and Akbar Zaheer.1999, Bridging ties: a source of firm heterogeneity in competitive capabilities. Strategic Management Journal 20: 1133-1156.
Meyer, M., 2000. "Does Science push Technology? Patents Citing Scientific Literature", Research Policy, Vol.29, pp.409-434.
Morten T Hansen (1999), The search-transfer problem: The role of weak ties in sharing knowledge across organization subunit. Administrative Science Quarterly; 44, 1; pg. 82.
Mudambi R. and Navarra P. 2004, Is knowledge power? Knowledge flows, subsidiary power and rent-seeking within MNE, Journal of International Business Studies 35, 385–406.
Narin, F., Hamilton, K.S., and Olivastro, D.,1997. "The increasing Linkage between US Technology and Public Science", Research Policy, Vol.26, pp.317-330.
Nahapiet, I. & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social capital, intellectual capital and the organizational advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 242-266.
Nidumolu, S. R., Subramani, M., & Aldrich, A. (2001). Situated learning and the situated knowledge web: Exploring the ground beneath knowledge management. Journal of Management Information Systems, 18(1), 115-150.
Nonaka, I. (1991) The Knowledge-Creating Company. Harvard Business Review, November-December.
Nonaka, H Takeuchi, H Takeuchi, (1995), The knowledge-creating company: how Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation, New York: Oxford University Press.
O’Donnell S.W., 2000, Managing Foreign Subsidiaries: Agents of Headquarters, or an Interdependent Network? Strategic Management Journal, 21: 525–548.
Papakyriazis, N.V., & Boudourides, M.A. 2001. Electronic weak ties in network
organizations. Presented at the GOR 2001 Conference, Göttingen.
Pearce, R., 1999. The evolution of technology in multinational enterprises: the role of creative subsidiaries. Int. Bus. Rev. 8, 125–148.
Perry-Smith, J. E., & Shalley, C. E. 2003. The social side of creativity: A static and dynamic social network perspective. Academy of Management Review, 28: 89–106.
Podolny, J. M., and J. N. Baron, 1997 "Resources and relationships: Social networks and mobility in the workplace." American Sociological Review, 62, 5: 673-693.
Polanyi, M. (1966). The Tacit Dimension. Doubleday, Garden City, NY.
Rulke, D. L. and Galaskiewicz, J. 2000. Distribution of knowledge, group network structure, and group performance. Management Science, 46(5): 612-625.
Sapienza, H.J., De Clercq, D. and Sandberg, W. 2005, Antecedents of international and domestic learning effort, Journal of Business Venturing, 20(4): 437-457.
Schulz, M. 2001. The uncertain relevance of newness: Organizational learning and knowledge flows. Academy of Management Journal, 44: 661–681.
Singh, Jasjit. 2002. Knowledge Diffusion and the Role of Multinational Subsidiaries: Evidence using Patent Citation Data. Manuscript, October 2002 28
Singh, J. 2007, Determinants of cross-national knowledge transfer and its effect on firm innovation, Journal of International Business Studies, 38, 259-282.
Spender, J. C., & Grant, R. M. (1996). Knowledge and the firm: Overview. Strategic Management Journal, 17,5-9.
Spencer J.W. 2003, Global gatekeeping, representation, and network structure: a longitudinal analysis of regional and global knowledge-diffusion networks, Journal of International Business Studies, 34, 428–442.
Styles, C. and Ambler, T. (1994) ''Successful export practice: the UK experience'', International Marketing Review 11(6): 23-47.
Stanley Wasserman, & Katherine Faust, (1994), Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications. Cambridge University Press.
Starbuck, W. H. (1992). Learning by knowledge-intensive firms. Journal of Management Studies, 29, 713–738.
Stevenson, W., & Gilly, M. (1991). Information processing and problem solving: The migration of problems through more formal positions and network ties. Academy of Management Journal, 34:918-928.
Stinchcombe, A.L. (1965): Social Structure and Organizations. In: March, J.G. (ed.), Handbook of Organizations. Chicago: Rand McNally & Company, 142-193.
Stople M., "Determinants of Knowledge Diffusion as Evidenced in Patent Data: the case of Liluid Crystal Display Technology", Research Firms Policy, Vol.3 1, pp.1181-1198, 2002
Szulanski, G. 1996 „Exploring internal stickiness: impediments to the transfer of best practice within the firm, Strategic Management Journal 17(special issue): 27–43.
Tichy, Noel M., Michael L. Tushman, and Charles Fombrun (1974) "Social network analysis for organizations." Academy of Management Review. 4: 507-519.
Tsai, W. and Ghoshal, S. 1998. „Social capital and value creation: the role of intrafirm networks, Academy of Management Journal 41(5): 464–476.
Venkatraman, N. and Ramanujam, V. (1986) ,Measurement of business performance in strategy research: a comparison of approaches, Academy of Management Review 11(4): 801–814.
Von Hippel, E., 1998, “Economics of Product Development by User: The Impact of “Sticky” Local Information,” Management Science, 44(5), May.
Wah, L. (1999), “Making knowledge stick”, Management Review, May, pp.24-9.
Wang, J. and Blomstr6m, M. 1992. ''Foreign investment and technology transfer: a simple model'', European Economic Review 36(1): 137-155.
Wasserman, S., and Faust, K. 1994. Social network analysis: Methods and applications. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Wellman, B., 1988, “Structural analysis: From method and metaphor to theory and substance.” Pp19-61. Social Structures: A Network Approach, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Williams, K.Y. & C.A. O''Reilly, 1998."Demography and Diversity in Organizations: A Review of 40 Years of Research", Research in Organizational Behavior, Vol 20, pp.77-140.
Winter, Sidney G. (1987). Knowledge and competence as strategic assets. In D. J.
Wong, P.L.K., Ellis, P. (2002), Social ties and partner identification in Sino-Hong Kong international joint ventures, Journal of International Business Studies, 33(2).
Yamin, M., 1999. An evolutionary analysis of subsidiary innovation and reverse transfer. In
Yamin M., Otto J. 2004, Patterns of knowledge flows and MNE innovative performance, Journal of International Management, 10 239– 258. 29
Zhou, L., Wu, W.P & Luo, W. ,2007. Internationalization and the performance of born-global SMEs: the mediating role of social networks, Journal of International Business Studies, 38, 673-690.
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top