:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:多國籍企業內部連結關係影響外部網絡運用程度之探討
作者:陳律睿 引用關係
作者(外文):Lu-Jui Chen
校院名稱:元智大學
系所名稱:管理研究所
指導教授:陳俊忠
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2007
主題關鍵詞:多國籍企業母子公司連結子公司鑲嵌MNEParent-subsidiary linkSubsidiaryEmbeddedness
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:0
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:41
本研究提出一個整合性的架構,在理論母子關係結構之下,運用不同利害關係人的連結關係,討論母子公司的連結關係對於子公司鑲嵌行為之影響,而這樣的鑲嵌內容對於子公司期望市場績效以及對多國籍能力發展重要性將產生何種效果。不同的利害關係人對子公司經營策略與運作成果應具有不同的影響,然而過去許多研究對於利害關係人影響關係並未有明顯的區別,或是僅視為該關係皆具有同質的影響。因此,最終結果亦發現不同的外部關係應要有不同的管理意涵。
本研究主要的論述角度是以子公司觀點出發。因此本研究的樣本以外資企業在台灣投資的子公司共118間為研究對象。而本研究發現多國籍企業的外部關係不應當視為同質關係,且不同的關係應有不同的策略意涵方式,且在共同的總體策略觀點下,應同時去解釋不同的外部關係將有何不同的差異。
從研究結果中發現:(1)當母公司採取的是多國本土導向時,則更有助於子公司發展與當地利害關係人之間的互動與業務往來;(2)若是母公司所能給予的資源讓子公司感受到不足時,則將有助於子公司致力於發展與當地利害關係人的互動以及經營技術上的更新;(3)在與外部企業實體的互動上,當彼此之間的了解越深,互動的越久,將可以預期到未來的經營表現將有正向的發展;(4)且若未來市場績效表現能越好,代表的子公司將有機會在多國籍企業內成為母公司或其他子公司之標竿,讓多國籍企業內的單位皆能透過學習來機會來強化自身的競爭優勢。
在細緻的外部關係觀點下,相同的總體策略應對不同的外部關係有不同的影響結果。在總體策略觀點下,母公司若採用多國本土導向時,則明顯有助於子公司與其顧客發展高度的技術互動與鑲嵌行為,但這樣的影響效果僅會影響到子公司與其顧客的技術鑲嵌關係,並不會影響到子公司與其供應商的技術鑲嵌關係。而在子公司的外部網絡關係上,在供應商關係模式之下,當子公司與供應商之技術鑲嵌之成果在未來將可轉移至企業體內,供其他相關單位使用;另一方面,在顧客關係模式之下,與顧客間之技術鑲嵌成果將較適於本身在當地績效成就之增長。也就是說,與供應商的技術鑲嵌有助於子公司重要性提升以及整體能力的發展,而與顧客的技術鑲嵌則有助於子公司的績效成就表現。
This study develops a theoretical model combined with MNEs’ headquarters macro view and subsidiary micro view to describe the transnational business. Doing business is not only a matter of selling or purchasing, it also means establishing and developing business relationships win important customers or intermediaries, and suppliers.
In this paper, we focus specifically on the subsidiary role associated with the local business network in which the different actors embedded, and on the headquarters’ macro strategy concerning the network. This study also discriminates the relationships between supplier and customer. The theoretical is developed and tested with data from 118 subsidiaries in Taiwan. The results indicate that business embeddedness are determined by the extent to which the headquarters’ multidomestic orientation and resource gap. Also, we identify business embeddedness causes positive effect on expected market performance, and the subsidiary’s importance for MNE competence development can be predicted by expected market performance. The points for these results are recognized on both supplier and customer relationships.
On the distinct results, hypotheses concerning the relationships between a subsidiary’s external technical embeddedness, expected market performance and the subsidiary’s importance for competence development are meant detailed by supplier and customer relationships separately. In supplier relationship, subsidiary technical embeddedness can be a strong predictor to the subsidiary’s importance for competence development. For the expected market performance, subsidiary technical embeddedness can be a positive prediction under the embeddedness with its customer.
This study concludes with a discussion about the role that a subsidiary can play a bridgehead between internal and external units of an MNE and the distinct relationships that make refined implications for MNEs’ international strategy.
吳思華,(2000),策略九說,台北,臉譜出版社。
李文瑞,(2000),「廠商海外投資股權模式關鍵影響因素之研究─台商赴東南亞投資之實證分析」,管理評論,19卷第3期:25-49。new window
李文瑞,(2002),「從交易成本、資源基礎與行為決策理論探討中小企業技術取得模式之影響因素」,管理學報,19卷第5期:879-900。new window
徐中琦,(1996),「多國籍企業的新挑戰-國際營運及組織能力」,經濟情勢暨評論季刊,2卷第2期:43-56。
陳添枝,顧瑩華,(1995),「台商在東南亞投資概況」,經濟前瞻,10卷第4期:26-30。
陳順宇,(2005),多變量分析:四版,華泰文化事業股份有限公司。
喬友慶,于卓民,林月雲,(2002),「國際化程度與產品差異化能力對廠商績效之影響─台灣大型製造廠商之實證研究」,管理學報,19卷第5期:811-842。
彭台光,高月慈,林鉦棽 (2006) 「管理研究中的共同方法變異:問題本質、影響、測試和補救」,管理學報,23卷第1期:77-98。new window
黃芳銘,(2004),結構方程模式理論與應用:四版,台北:五南出版社。
趙琪,(2001),「資源依賴與交易成本對海外子公司控制機制之影響─台灣企業與大陸子公司之實證研究」,中山管理評論,9卷1期:87-109。new window
Abdallah, W.M. and Keller, D.E. (1985) ''Measuring the multinational''s performance'', Management Accounting 67(4): 26-31.
Agarwal, S. and Ramaswami, S.N. (1992) ''Choice of foreign market entry mode: impact of ownership, location and internalization factors'', Journal of International Business Studies 23(1): 1-28.
Ajami, R., 1991, Designing Multinational Networks, In Kilmann, I. and Kilmann, R.H., editors, Making Organizations Competitive: Enhancing Networks and Relationships Across Traditional Boundaries, New York: Jossey-Bass Inc. Publishers.
Alderson, A.S. and Beckfield, J. (2004) ''Power and position in the world city system'', American Journal of Sociology 109(4): 811-851.
Almeida, P. (1996) ''Knowledge sourcing by foreign multinationals: patent citation analysis in the U.S. semiconductor industry'', Strategic Management Journal 17(Winter Special Issue): 155-165.
Almeida, P., Dokko, G. and Rosenkopf, L. (2003) ''Start-up size and external learning: increasing opportunities and decreasing abilities?'' Research Policy 32(2): 301-315.
Almeida, P. and Phene, A. (2004) ''Subsidiaries and knowledge creation: the influence of the MNC and host country on innovation'', Strategic Management Journal 25(8-9): 847-864.
Amit, R. and Schoemaker, P.J.H. (1993) ''Strategic asset and organization rent'', Strategic Management Journal 14(1): 33-46.
Anderson, E. (1990) ''Two firms, one frontier: on assessing joint venture performance'', Sloan Management Review 31(2): 19-30.
Anderson, E. and Gatignon, H. (1986) ''Modes of foreign entry: a transaction cost analysis and propositions'', Journal of International Business Studies 17(3): 1-26.
Anderson, J.C. and Gerbing, D.W. (1988) ''Structural equation modeling in practice: a review and recommended two-step approach'', Psychological Bulletin 103(3): 411-423.
Anderson, J.C. and Narus, J.A. (1990) ''A model of distributor firm and manufacturer firm working partnerships'', Journal of Marketing 54(1): 42-58.
Andersson, U., Björkman, I. and Forsgren, M. (2005) ''Managing subsidiary knowledge creation: the effect of control mechanisms on subsidiary local embeddedness'', International Business Review 14(5): 521-538.
Andersson, U. and Forsgren, M. (1996) ''Subsidiary embeddedness and control in the multinational corporation'', International Business Review 5(5): 487-508.
Andersson, U. and Forsgren, M. (2000) ''In search of centre of excellence: network embeddedness and subsidiary roles in multinational corporations'', Management International Review 40(4): 329-350.
Andersson, U., Forsgren, M. and Holm, U. (2001) ''Subsidiary embeddedness and competence development in MNCs-a multi-level analysis'', Organization Studies 22(6): 1013-1034.
Andersson, U., Forsgren, M. and Holm, U. (2002) ''The strategic impact of external networks: subsidiary performance and competence development in the multinational corporation'', Strategic Management Journal 23(11): 979-996.
Andersson, U., Forsgren, M. and Pedersen, T. (2001) ''Subsidiary performance in multinational corporations: the importance of technology embeddedness'', International Business Review 10(1): 3-23.
Bagozzi, R.P. and Yi, Y. (1988) ''On the evaluation of structural equation models'', Academy of Marketing Science 16(1): 74-94.
Baliga, B.R. and Jaeger, A.M. (1984) ''Multinational corporations: control systems and delegation issues'', Journal of International Business Studies 15(3): 25-40.
Barney, J.B. (1991) ''Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage'', Journal of Management 17(1): 99-120.
Bartlett, C.A. and Ghoshal, S., 1990, Managing innovation in the transnational corporation, In Bartlett, C.A. and Doz, Y. and Hedlund, G., editors, Managing the Global Firm, London: Routledge.
Bartlett, C.A. and Ghoshal, S. (1998) Managing Across Borders: The Transnational Solution, 2 ed, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Baum, J.A.C., Calabrese, T. and Silverman, B.S. (2000) ''Don''t go it alone: alliance network composition and startups'' performance in Canadian biotechnology'', Strategic Management Journal 21(3): 267-294.
Beamish, P.W. (1985) ''The characteristics of joint ventures in developed and developing countries'', Columbia Journal of World Business 20(3): 13-19.
Birkinshaw, J.M. (1997) ''Entrepreneurship in multinational corporation: the characteristics of subsidiary initiatives'', Strategic Management Journal 18(3): 207-229.
Birkinshaw, J.M. (2002) ''Managing internal R&D networks in global firms: what sort of knowledge is involved?'' Long Range Planning 35(3): 245-267.
Birkinshaw, J.M. and Fry, N. (1998) ''Subsidiary initiatives to develop new markets'', Sloan Management Review 39(3): 51-61.
Birkinshaw, J.M. and Hood, N. (1998) ''Multinational subsidiary evolution: capability and charter change in foreign-owned subsidiary companies'', Academy of Management Review 23(4): 773-795.
Birkinshaw, J.M., Hood, N. and Jonsson, S. (1998) ''Building firm-specific advantages in multinational corporations: the role of subsidiary initiative'', Strategic Management Journal 19(3): 221-241.
Birkinshaw, J.M. and Lingblad, M. (2005) ''Intrafirm competition and charter evolution in the multibusiness firm'', Organization Science 16(6): 674-686.
Birkinshaw, J.M. and Morrison, A.J. (1995) ''Configurations of strategy and structure in subsidiaries of multinational corporations'', Journal of International Business Studies 26(4): 729-754.
Bollen, K.A. (1989) Structural Equations with Latent Varibles, New York: John Wiley.
Burt, R.S. (1992) Structural Holes: the Social Structure of Competition, Cambridge. MA: Harvard University Press.
Carpano, C., Chrisman, J.J. and Roth, K. (1994) ''International strategy and environment: an assessment of the performance relationship'', Journal of International Business Studies 25(3): 639-656.
Chakravarthy, B.S. and Perlmutter, H.V. (1985) ''Strategic planning for a global business'', Columbia Journal of World Business 20(2): 3-10.
Chen, H. and Chen, T.-J. (1998) ''Network linkages and location choice in foreign direct investment'', Journal of International Business Studies 29(3): 445-467.
Chen, T.-J., Chen, H. and Ku, Y.-H. (2004) ''Foreign direct investment and local linkages'', Journal of International Business Studies 35(4): 320-333.
Christensen, C.M. (1997) The Innovation Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Dacin, T.M., Ventresca, M.J. and Beal, B.D. (1999) ''The embeddedness of organizations: dialogue and direction'', Journal of Management 25(3): 317-356.
Daft, R.L. (2006) Organization Theory and Design: Academic Internet Publishers, Inc.
Das, K.T. and Teng, B.-S. (2000) ''Instabilities of strategic alliances: an internal tensions perspective'', Organization Science 11(1): 77-101.
Delios, A. and Beamish, P.W. (2001) ''Survival and profitability: the roles of experience and intangible assets in foreign subsidiary performance'', Academy of Management Journal 44(5): 1028-1038.
Doz, Y.L. and Prahalad, C.K. (1981) ''Headquarters influence and strategic control in MNCs'', Sloan Management Review 23(1): 15-29.
Dunning, J.H. (1981) International Production and the Multinational Enterprise, New York: Allen & Unwin.
Dunning, J.H. (1993) Multinational Enterprises and the Global Economy: Addison-Wesley.
Dyer, J.H. (2000) Collaborative Advantage: Winning through Extended Enterprise Supplier Networks, New York: Oxford University Press.
Dyer, J.H. and Chu, W. (2000) ''The determinants of trust in supplier-automaker relationships in the U.S, Japan and Korea'', Journal of International Business Studies 31(2): 259-285.
Dyer, J.H. and Nobeoka, K. (2000) ''Creating and managing a high-performance knowledge-sharing network: the Toyota case'', Strategic Management Journal 21(3): 345-367.
Dyer, J.H. and Singh, H. (1998) ''The relational view: cooperative strategy and source of interorganization competitive advantage'', Academy of Management Review 23(4): 660-679.
Edstrom, A. and Galbraith, J. (1977) ''Transfer of manager as a coordination and control strategy in MNCs'', Administrative Science Quarterly 22(2): 248-263.
Edstrom, A., Lorange, P. and Davidson, W.H. (1984) ''Introduction to the special issue on strategic planning, autonomy, and control processes in multinational corporations/administrative orientation and international performance'', Journal of International Business Studies 15(2): 9-23.
Egelhoff, W.G., Gorman, L. and McCormick, S. (2000) ''How FDI characteristics influence subsidiary trade patterns'', Management International Review 40(3): 203-230.
Erramilli, M.K., Agarwal, S. and Dev, C.S. (2002) ''Choice between non-equity entry modes: an organizational capability perspective'', Journal of International Business Studies 33(2): 223-242.
Erramilli, M.K. and Rao, C.P. (1993) ''Service firms'' international entry-mode choice: a modified transaction-cost analysis approach'', Journal of Marketing 57(3): 19-38.
Espinoza, M.M. (1999) ''Assessing the cross-cultural applicability of a service quality measure: a comparative study between Quebec and Peru'', International Journal of Service Industry Management 10(5): 449-468.
Feinberg, S.E. (2000) ''Do world product mandates really matter?'' Journal of International Business Studies 31(1): 155-167.
Ferdows, K. (1997) ''Making the most of foreign factories'', Harvard Business Review 75(2): 73-88.
Fiol, C.M. (1991) ''Managing culture as a competitive resource: an identity-based view of sustainable competitive advantage'', Journal of Management 17(1): 191-211.
Ford, J.D. and Schellenberg, D.A. (1982) ''Conceptual issues of linkage in the assessment of organizational performance'', Academy of Management Review 7(1): 49-58.
Fornell, C. and Larcker, D.F. (1981) ''Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error'', Journal of Marketing Research 18(1): 39-50.
Forsgren, M., Holm, U. and Johanson, J. (2006) Managing the Embedded Multinational - A Business Network View: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Gates, S.R. and Egelhoff, W.G. (1986) ''Centralization in headquarters-subsidiary relationships'', Journal of International Business Studies 17(2): 71-92.
Gencturk, E.F. and Aulakh, P.S. (1995) ''The use of process and output controls in foreign markets'', Journal of International Business Studies 26(4): 755-786.
Geringer, J.M., Beamish, P.W. and daCosta, R.C. (1989) ''Diversification strategy and internationalization: implication for MNE performance'', Strategic Management Journal 10(2): 109-119.
Geringer, J.M. and Hebert, L. (1989) ''Control and performance of international joint ventures'', Journal of International Business Studies 20(2): 235-254.
Geringer, J.M. and Hebert, L. (1991) ''Measuring performance of international joint ventures'', Journal of International Business Studies 22(2): 249-263.
Ghauri, P. (1992) ''New structures in MNCs based in small countries: a network approach'', European Management Journal 10(3): 357-364.
Ghoshal, S. and Bartlett, C.A. (1990) ''The multinational corporation as an interorganizational network'', Academy of Management Review 15(4): 603-625.
Ghoshal, S. and Mintzberg, H. (1994) ''Diversification and diversifact'', California Management Review 37(1): 8-27.
Ghoshal, S. and Nohria, N. (1993) ''Horses for courses: organizational forms for multinational corporations'', Sloan Management Review 34(2): 23-35.
Golden, B.R. (1992) ''SBU strategy and performance: the moderating effects of the corporate-SBU relationship'', Strategic Management Journal 13(2): 145-158.
Gomes-Casseres, B. (1990) ''Firm ownership preferences and host government restrictions: an integrated approach'', Journal of International Business Studies 21(1): 1-22.
Granovetter, M. (1985) ''Economic action and social structure: the problem of embeddedness'', American Journal of Sociology 91(3): 481-510.
Grant, R.M. (1991) ''The resource-based theory of competitive advantage: implications for strategy formulation'', California Management Review 33(2): 114-135.
Grant, R.M. (1996) ''Prospering in dynamically-competitive environments: organizational capability as knowledge integration'', Organization Science 7(4): 375-387.
Griffin, R. and Pustay, M. (2006) International Business, 5 ed: Prentice Hall.
Gulati, R. (1998) ''Alliance and networks'', Strategic Management Journal 19(4): 293-318.
Gulati, R. (1999) ''Network location and learning: the influence of network resources and firm capabilities on alliance formation'', Strategic Management Journal 20(5): 397-420.
Gulati, R., Nohria, N. and Zaheer, A. (2000) ''Strategic networks'', Strategic Management Journal 21(3): 203-215.
Gupta, A.K. and Govindarajan, V. (1991) ''Knowledge flows and the structure of control within multinational corporations'', Academy of Management Review 16(4): 768-792.
Gupta, A.K. and Govindarajan, V. (2000) ''Knowledge flows within multinational corporations'', Strategic Management Journal 21(4): 473-496.
Hamel, G. (1991) ''Competition for competence and inter partner learning within international strategic alliances'', Strategic Management Journal 12(summer special issue): 83-103.
Hannon, J.M., Huang, I.-C. and Jaw, B.-S. (1995) ''International human resource strategy and its determinants: the case of subsidiaries in Taiwan'', Journal of International Business Studies 26(3): 531-554.
Harzing, A.-W. (2000) ''An empirical analysis and extension of the Bartlett and Ghoshal typology of multinational companies'', Journal of International Business Studies 31(1): 101-120.
Harzing, A.-W. (2002) ''Acquisitions versus greenfield investments: international strategy and management of entry modes'', Strategic Management Journal 23(3): 211-227.
Haunchild, P.R. and Miner, A.S. (1997) ''Modes of inter-organizational imitation: the effects of outcome salience and uncertainty'', Administrative Science Quarterly 42(3): 472-500.
Hayes, R.H. and Wheelwright, S.C. (1979) ''Link manufacturing process and product life cycles'', Harvard Business Review 57(1): 133-140.
Hedlund, G. (1986) ''The hypermodern MNC - a heterarchy?'' Human Resource Management 25(1): 9-35.
Hennart, J.-F. (1991) ''Control in multinational firms: the role of price and hierarchy'', Management International Review 31(special issue): 71-96.
Hennart, J.-F. (1991) ''The transaction costs theory of joint ventures: an empirical study of Japanese subsidiaries in the United States '', Management Science 37(4): 483-497.
Hennart, J.-F. and Park, Y.-R. (1993) ''Greenfield vs. acquisition: the strategy of Japanese investors in the United States'', Management Science 39(9): 1054-1070.
Hill, C.W.L. (2007) International Business: Competing in the Global Marketplace, 6 ed: Irwin/McGraw-Hill.
Hill, C.W.L., Hwang, P. and Kim, W.C. (1990) ''An eclectic theory of the choice of international entry mode'', Strategic Management Journal 11(2): 117-128.
Hitt, M.A., Hoskisson, R.E., Johnson, R.A. and Moesel, D.D. (1996) ''The market for corporate control and firm innovation'', Academy of Management Journal 39: 1084-1119.
Hitt, M.A., Hoskisson, R.E. and Kim, H. (1997) ''International diversification: effects on innovation and firm performance in product-diversified firms'', Academy of Management Journal 40(4): 767-798.
Holm, D.B., Eriksson, K. and Johanson, J. (1996) ''Business networks and cooperation in international business relationships'', Journal of International Business Studies 27(5): 1033-1053.
Hymer, S.H. (1976) The International Operations of National Firms: A Study of Direct Foreign Investment, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London: The MIT Press.
Jap, S.D. and Ganesan, S. (2000) ''Control mechanisms and the relationship life cycle implications for safeguarding specific investments and developing commitment'', Journal of Marketing Research 37(2): 227-245.
Jarillo, J.C. and Martinez, J.I. (1990) ''Different roles for subsidiaries: the case of multinational corporations in Spain'', Strategic Management Journal 11(7): 501-512.
Johanson, J. and Vahlne, J.E. (1977) ''The interantionalization process of the firm: a model of knowledge development and increasing foreign market commitments'', Journal of International Business Studies 8(1): 23-32.
Joreskog, K.G. and Sorbom, D. (1998) LISREL 8: Structural Equation Modeling with the SIMPLIS Command Language, 3 ed: Scientific Software International (SSI), Inc.
Kalwani, M.U. and Narayandas, N. (1995) ''Long-term manufacturer-supplier relationships: do they pay off for supplier firms?'' Journal of Marketing 59(Jan): 1-16.
Khanna, T.R., Gulati, R. and Nohria, N. (1998) ''The dynamics of learning alliances: competition, cooperation, and relative scope'', Strategic Management Journal 19(3): 193-210.
Killing, J.P. (1982) ''How to make a global joint venture work'', Harvard Business Review 60(3): 120-127.
Kim, W.C., Hwang, P. and Burgers, W.P. (1993) ''Multinationals'' diversification and the risk-return trade-off'', Strategic Management Journal 14(4): 275-286.
Kogut, B. (1985) ''Designing global strategies: profiting from operational flexibility'', Sloan Management Review 27(1): 27-38.
Kogut, B. and Singh, H. (1988) ''The effect of national culture on the choice of entry mode'', Journal of International Business Studies 19(3): 411-432.
Kogut, B. and Zander, U. (1992) ''Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities, and the replication of technology'', Organization Science 3(3): 383-397.
Kuemmerle, W. (1997) ''Building effective R&D capabilities abroad'', Harvard Business Review 75(2): 61-70.
Landeros, R. and Monenczka, R. (1989) ''Cooperative buyer/seller relationships and a firm''s competitive posture'', Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management 25(3): 9-18.
Lane, P.J. and Lubatkin, M. (1998) ''Relative absorptive capacity and interorganizational learning'', Strategic Management Journal 19(5): 461-477.
Loree, D., Chen, C.-C. and Guisinger, S. (2000) ''International acquisitions: do financial analysts take note?'' Journal of World Business 35(5): 300-314.
Lorenzoni, G. and Lipparini, A. (1999) ''The leveraging of interfirm relationships as a distinctive organizational capability: a longitudinal study'', Strategic Management Journal 20(4): 317-338.
Luo, Y. (1997) ''Performance implications of international strategy'', Group and Organization Management 22(1): 87-116.
Luo, Y. (2002) ''Capability exploitation and building in a foreign market: implications for multinational enterprises'', Organization Science 13(1): 48-63.
Luo, Y. (2003) ''Market-seeking MNEs in an emerging market: how parent-subsidiary links shape overseas success'', Journal of International Business Studies 34(3): 290-309.
Luo, Y. and Peng, M.W. (1999) ''Learning to compete in a transition economy: experience, environment, and performance'', Journal of International Business Studies 30(2): 278-307.
Lyles, M.A. and Salk, J.E. (1996) ''Knowledge acquisition from foreign parents in international joint ventures'', Journal of International Business Studies 27(5): 877-904.
Malnight, T.W. (1996) ''The transition from decentralized to network-based MNC structures: an evolutionary perspective'', Journal of International Business Studies 27(1): 43-65.
Marsh, H.W., Balla, J.R. and McDonald, R.P. (1988) ''Goodness of fit Indexes in confirmatory factor analysis: the effect of sample size'', Psychological Bulletin 103(3): 391-410.
Martinez, J.I. and Jarillo, J.C. (1991) ''Coordination demands of international strategies'', Journal of International Business Studies 20(3): 429-444.
Martinez, Z.L. and Ricks, D.A. (1989) ''Multinational parent companies'' influence over human resource decisions of affiliates: U.S. firms in Mexico'', Journal of International Business Studies 20(3): 465-487.
McEvily, B. and Zaheer, A. (1999) ''Bridging ties: a source of firm heterogeneity in competitive capabilities'', Strategic Management Journal 20(12): 1133-1156.
Meyer, K.E. and Estrin, S. (2001) ''Brownfield entry in emerging markets'', Journal of International Business Studies 32(3): 575-584.
Miller, D. and Shamsie, J. (1996) ''The resource-based view of the firm in two environments: the Hollywood film studios from 1936 to 1965'', Academy of Management Journal 39(3): 519-543.
Morgan, R.M. and Hunt, S.D. (1994) ''The commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing'', Journal of Marketing 58(3): 20-38.
Nelson, R.R. and Winter, S.G. (1982) Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change, Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.
Niosi, J. and Godin, B. (1999) ''Canadian R&D abroad management practices'', Research Policy 28(2-3): 215-230.
Nunnally, J.C. and Bernstein, I. (1994) Psychometric Theory, 3 ed: McGraw-Hill Humanities.
O''Donnell, S.W. (2000) ''Managing foreign subsidiaries: agents of headquarters, or an interdependent network?'' Strategic Management Journal 21(5): 525-548.
Osland, G.E. and Cavusgil, S.T. (1996) ''Performance issues in U.S.-China joint ventures'', California Management Review 38(2): 106-130.
Ouchi, W.G. (1979) ''A conceptual framework for the design of organizational control systems'', Management Science 25(9): 833-848.
Oxley, J.E. (1997) ''Appropriability hazards and governance in strategic alliances: a transaction cost approach'', Journal of Law, Economics & Organization 13(2): 387-409.
Padmanabhan, P. and Cho, K.R. (1996) ''Ownership strategy for a foreign affiliate: an empirical investigation of Japanese firms'', Management International Review 36(1): 45-65.
Pan, Y. and Chi, P.S.K. (1999) ''Financial performance and survival of multinational corporations in China'', Strategic Management Journal 20(4): 359-374.
Pan, Y., Li, S. and Tse, D.K. (1999) ''The impact of order and model of market entry on profitability and market share'', Journal of International Business Studies 30(1): 81-103.
Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V.A. and Berry, L.L. (1994) ''Alternative scales for measuring service quality: a comparative assessment based on psychometric and diagnostic criteria'', Journal of Retailing 70(3): 201-230.
Park, S.H. and Luo, Y. (2001) ''Guanxi and organizational dynamics: organizational networking in Chinese firms'', Strategic Management Journal 22(5): 455-477.
Parkhe, A. (1991) ''Interfirm diversity, organization learning, and longevity in global strategic alliances'', Journal of International Business Studies 22(4): 579-602.
Pavitt, K. (1991) ''Key characteristics of the large innovating firm'', British Journal of Management Review 2(1): 41-50.
Peng, M.W. and Luo, Y. (2000) ''Managerial ties and firm performance in a transition economy: The nature of a micro-macro link'', Academy of Management Journal 43(3): 486-501.
Penrose, E.T. (1995) The Theory of the Growth of the Firm, 3 ed, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Perlmutter, H.V. (1969) ''The tortuous evolution of the multinational corporation'', Columbia Journal of World Business 4(1): 9-18.
Peteraf, M.A. (1993) ''The cornerstones of competitive advantage: a resource based view'', Strategic Management Journal 14(3): 179-191.
Pfeffer, J. and Salancik, G.R. (2003) The External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective, California: Stanford University Press.
Poppo, L. and Zenger, T. (1998) ''Testing alternative theories of the firm: Transaction cost, knowledge-based, and measurement explanations for make-or-buy decisions in information services'', Strategic Management Journal 19(9): 853-577.
Porter, M.E. (1998) Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance, New York: Free Press.
Powell, W.W., Koput, K.W. and Smith-Doerr, L. (1996) ''Interorganizational collaboration and the locus of innovation: networks of learning in biotechnology'', Administrative Science Quarterly 41(1): 116-137.
Prahalad, C.K. and Doz, Y. (1981) ''An approach to strategic control in MNCs'', Sloan Management Review 22(4): 5-13.
Prahalad, C.K. and Doz, Y. (1987) The Multinational Mission: Balancing Global Demands and Global Vision, New York: Free Press.
Prahalad, C.K. and Hamel, G. (1990) ''The core competence of the corporation'', Harvard Business Review 68(2): 79-91.
Quinn, J.B. (2000) ''Outsourcing innovation: the new engine of growth'', Sloan Management Review 41(4): 13-28.
Richards, M. (2000) ''Control exercised by U.S. multinationals over their overseas affiliates: does location make a difference?'' Journal of International Management 6(2): 105-120.
Robbins, S.P. and Coulter, M. (2007) Management, 9 ed: Prentice Hall.
Robertson, T.S. and Gatignon, H. (1998) ''Technology development mode: a transaction cost conceptualization'', Strategic Management Journal 19(6): 515-531.
Rosenzweig, P.M. and Singh, J.V. (1991) ''Organizational environments and the multinational enterprise'', Academy of Management Review 16(2): 340-361.
Roth, K. and Morrison, A.J. (1992) ''Implementing global strategy: characteristics of global subsidiary mandates'', Journal of International Business Studies 23(4): 715-735.
Roth, K., Schweiger, D. and Morrison, A.J. (1991) ''Global strategy implementation at the business unit level: operational capabilities and administrative mechanisms'', Journal of International Business Studies 22(3): 369-402.
Rubenstein, A.H. (2001) Managing Technology in the Decentralized Firm: Authors Choice Press.
Rugman, A.M. (1981) ''Research and development by multinational and domestic firms in Canada'', Canadian Public Policy 7(4): 604-616.
Rugman, A.M. and Verbeke, A. (1992) ''Implementing global strategy: characteristics of global subsidiary mandates'', Journal of International Business Studies 23(4): 715-736.
Sarkar, M., Aulakh, P.S. and Cavusgil, S.T. (1998) ''The strategic role of relational bonding in interorganizational collaborations: an empirical study of the global construction industry'', Journal of International Management 4(2): 85-107.
Segars, A. and Grover, V. (1993) ''Re-examining perceived ease of use and usefulness: a confirmatory factor analysis'', MIS Quarterly 17(4): 517-527.
Sharma, S. (1996) Applied Multivariate Techniques, New York, USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Shaver, J.M. (1998) ''Accounting for endogeneity when assessing strategy performance: does entry mode choice affect FDI survival'', Management Science 44(4): 231-256.
Souder, W. (1998) Managing New Product Innovations: Lexington Books.
Stalk, G., Evans, P. and Shulman, L.E. (1992) ''Competing on capabilities: the new rules of corporate strategy'', Harvard Business Review 70(2): 57-69.
Stopford, J.M. and Wells, L.T. (1972) Managing the Multinational Enterprise: Organisation of the Firm and Ownership of the Subsidiaries, New York: Basic Books.
Sujan, H., Weitz, B.A. and Kumar, N. (1994) ''Learning orientation, working smart, and effective selling'', Journal of Marketing 58(3): 39-52.
Sullivan, D. (1994) ''Measuring the degree of internationalization of a firm'', Journal of International Business Studies 25(2): 325-342.
Sundaram, A.K. and Black, J.S. (1992) ''The environment and internal organization of multinational enterprises'', Academy of Management Review 17(4): 729-757.
Szulanski, G. (1996) ''Exploring internal stickness: Impediments to the transfer of best practice within the firm'', Strategic Management Journal 17(Winter Special Issue): 27-44.
Taggart, J.H. (1997) ''Autonomy and procedural justice: a framework for evaluating subsidiary strategy'', Journal of International Business Studies 28(1): 51-76.
Taggart, J.H. (1998) ''Strategy shifts in MNC subsidiaries'', Strategic Management Journal 19(7): 663-681.
Teece, D.J. (1986) ''Transaction cost economics and the multinational enterprise: an assessment'', Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 7(1): 21-45.
Teece, D.J., Pisano, G. and Shuen, A. (1997) ''Dynamic capabilities and strategic management'', Strategic Management Journal 18(7): 509-533.
Thompson, J.D. (2003) Organizations in Action: Social Science Bases of Administrative Theory, 2 ed, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers.
Thomson, M., MacInnis, D.J. and Park, C.W. (2005) ''The ties that bind: measuring the strength of consumers'' emotional attachments to brands'', Journal of Consumer Psychology 15(1): 77-91.
Tripsas, M. and Gavetti, G. (2000) ''Capabilities, cognition, and inertia: evidence from digital imaging'', Strategic Management Journal 21(10-11): 1147-1161.
Tsai, W. and Ghoshal, S. (1998) ''Social capital and value creation: the role of intrafirm networks'', Academy of Management Journal 41(4): 464-476.
Uzzi, B. (1996) ''The sources and consequences of embeddedness for the economic performance of organizations: the network effect'', American Sociological Review 61(4): 674-698.
Uzzi, B. (1997) ''Social structure and competition in interfirm networks: the paradox of embeddedness'', Administrative Science Quarterly 42(2): 35-67.
Vachani, S. (1999) ''Global diversification''s effect on multinational subsidiaries'' autonomy'', International Business Review 8(5-6): 535-560.
Vernon, R. (1966) ''International investment and international trade in the product cycle'', Quarterly Journal of Economics 80(2): 190-207.
von Hippel, E. (1988) The Source of Innovation, New York: Oxford University Press.
Wernerfelt, B. (1984) ''A resource-based view of the firm'', Strategic Management Journal 5(2): 171-180.
White, R.E. and Poynter, T.A. (1984) ''Strategies for foreign-owned subsidiaries in Canada'', Business Quarterly 48(4): 59-69.
Williams, L.J. and Brown, B.K. (1994) ''Method variance in organizational behavior and human resources research: effects on correlations, path coefficients, and hypothesis testing'', Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 57(2): 185-209.
Williamson, O.E. (1979) ''Transaction-cost economics: the governance of contractual relations'', Journal of Law and Economics 22(2): 232-262.
Woodcock, C.P., Beamish, P.W. and Makino, S. (1994) ''Ownership-based entry strategies and international performances'', Journal of International Business Studies 25(2): 253-272.
Zaheer, A., McEvily, B. and Perrone, V. (1998) ''Does trust matter? exploring the effects of interorganizational and interpersonal trust on performance'', Organization Science 9(2): 141-159.
Zhao, H. and Luo, Y. (2002) ''Product diversification, ownership structure and subsidiary performance in China''s dynamic market'', Management International Review 42(1): 27-48.
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
:::
1. 部屬啊!您有做自己的機會嗎?尚嚴、專權雙元領導與部屬任務績效之關聯性:以情緒調節策略揭開潘朵拉的盒子
2. 部屬難為:領導者利組織不道德行為與部屬離職傾向、越級建言、主管導向組織公民行為與沉默行為之關係:以領導者-部屬交換關係為調節效果
3. 兒少表意權在安置機構的實踐與挑戰
4. 設計思考提升學習動機與問題解決信心--臺灣大學生學習設計思考課程的實證分析
5. 國際觀光旅館職場友誼與工作表現關係之探討--以卓越能力商數為中介變項
6. 青少年社會網絡指標及幽默表現風格之交互作用影響與被霸凌經驗之關係
7. 中高齡職涯未來時間觀、職場成功老化和就業力之關係--探討工作要求與資源的調節式中介作用
8. 羊毛出在狗身上,豬來買單嗎?餐飲商家是否應該加入外送平臺?
9. 居服員留任傾向之研究
10. 國中生所知覺到的教師自主支持、自我效能、任務價值對學習投入之影響
11. 病患不文明行為對情緒調節的影響:壓力心態與顧客導向的調節式中介模式
12. 重度工作投資與工作倦怠:健康促進與心理資本扮演之調節角色
13. 就事論事或將心比心?顧客不當對待與員工身心壓力的情緒歷程:壓力源評估與同理心特質的調節效果
14. 越南臺商外派人員之領導部屬交換對職場偏差行為之影響--以外在工作價值與工作不安全感為調節變項
15. 學校運動教練工作不安全感、組織認同、工作倦怠與工作退縮行為:工作要求-資源模式之觀點
 
無相關著作
 
無相關點閱
 
QR Code
QRCODE