第一部分 非法甲基安非他命製程中產物之分析
第一章 緒論
[1] 林漢堂，警學叢刋， 23（2）（1992）125-136
[2] 王勝盟，簡化前處理技術配合質譜術分析安非他命類藥物之研究，博士論文，1997
[3] 法務部、教育部、行政院衛生署：反毒報告書，民國84年5月出版。
[4] 行政院衛生署，藥物濫用-您不可不知道的反毒常識，民國90年出版。
[5] 馬模貞：毒品在中國，中國科學5（1994）34-41
[6] 行政院衛生署、法務部、教育部：2001年反毒報告書，民國90年5月出版。
[7] 施多喜，甲基安非他命、安非他命、麻黃素等系列覺醒劑之鑑析，刑事科學，31（1991）17-38[8] 莊欽華，覺醒劑（安非他命）在日本之禍害及有關問題，刑事科學，28（1989）48-60[9] 施志茂，安非他命危害與犯罪防治，華泰文化事業公司出版，2000
[10]行政院衛生署編，藥物濫用防制-宣導教育手冊，1997年6月
[11]陳金水，覺醒劑之分析研究，碩士論文，1983（6）
[12]法務統計摘要，法務部統計處，1999年11月
[13]徐榮發、隋婉君、莊欽華，安非他命及其原料之分析研究，內政部警政署刑事警察局印行，1987年6 月
[14]K. P. Shaw, Human methamphetamine-related fatalites in Taiwan during 1991-1996, J. Forensic. Sci., 44(1)(1999) 27-31.[15]美國Division of Narcotics Enforcement網站統計資料
[16]施多喜，甲基安非他命安非他命麻黃素等系列覺醒劑之鑑析，刑事科學31（1991）17-38[17]A. F. Parra, Chlorination reactions of ephedrines revisited. stereochemistry and functional groups effect on the reaction mechanisms, Tetrahedron:Asymmetry, 9(1998) 1661-1671.
[18]中國生草藥研究發展中心，現代本草中國藥材學，啟業書局出版，7（1977）1051-1055
[19]R. H. Liu, B. A. Goldberger, 中譯本編輯-徐建民，工作場所藥物檢驗彙編
[20]施多喜，嗎啡、安非他命、及麻煙之耐藥性、依存性、代謝產物，刑事科學32（1991）45-54[21]中央警察大學出版駱宜安主編，警察百科全書(12)-刑事鑑識，9（1999）227-274
[22]駱宜安，刑事鑑識學，(1995)304-306.
[23]行政院衛生署藥物食品檢驗局編，濫用藥物彙編—毒性、代謝及檢驗，1996
[24]徐人英，毒物化學，合計圖書出版社印行，(1990)135-139
[25]A. Richard, C. Champe, Lippincott’s illustrated reviews Pharmacology, (2002) 3-32.
[26]N. E. Cray, P. Saiodi, Methamphetamine intoxication, Am J. Med., 64(1978) 537-539.
[27]J. A. Harvey, Behavioral pharmacology of central nervous system stimulants, Neuropharmacology, 26(1987) 286.
[28]R. C. W. Hall, M. K. Popkin, T. P. Beresford, Amphetamine psychosis clinical presentation and differential diagnosis, Psychiatric Medicine, 6(1988) 73.
[29]A. Allen, T. S. Cantrell，Synthetic reductions in clandestine amphetamine and methamphetamine laboratories：A review，Forensic Sci. Int., 42(1989)183-199.
[30]姜雲生，安非他命及甲基安非他命雜質鑑析，刑事科學，33（1992）84-97[31]D. R. Christian, Christian forensic investigation of clandestine laboratories, CRC Press(2004) 1-371.
[32]楊宗明，利用簡易方法檢查尿液中安非他命之介紹，刑事科學，37（1994）85-92[33]E. A. Pehek, M. D. Schechter, Discriminative stimulus properties of (+)cathine, an alkaloid of the khat plant. Pharmacology Biochemistry ＆Behavior, 36(1999)267-271.
[34]C. C. Hwang, W. C. Lee. Chromatographic resolution of the enantiomers of phenylpropanolamine by using molecularly imprinted polymer as the stationary phase. J. Chromatogr. B, 765(2001)45-53.
[35]I. S. Lurie, R. F. Klein, T. A. Dal Cason, M. J. LeBelle, R. Brenneisen, R. E. Weinberger, Chiral resolution of cationic drugs of forensic interest by capillary electrophoresis with mixtures of neutral and anionic cyclodextrins. Anal. Chem., 66(1994)4019-4026.
[36]P.Nencini, S. Fraioli, Environment-specific reinstatement of amphetamine-mediated hyperdipsia by morphine and (-)-morpseudoephedrine. Pharm. Biochemistry and Behavior , 147(1994)339-43.
[37]P, Nencini, P.Valeri, (-)-Norpseudoephedrine, but not (±)-amphetamine, prevents the increase in fluid intake associated with ethanol presentation in rats. Pharm. Research, 24(1)(1991) 83-91.[38]F. A. Moya-Huff, T. J. Maher, Phenylpropanolamine decreases food intake in rats made hyperphagic by various stimuli, Pharmacology Biochemistry ＆ Behavior, 28(1987) 71-4.
[39]R. C. Baselt, Disposition of toxic drugs and chemicals in man, Chemical Toxicology Institute, (1995)475-479
[40]A. M. A. Verweij, Impurities in illicit drug preparations: amphetamine and methamphetamine, Forensic Sci. Rev., 1(1989) 1-11.[41]R. S. Frank, The clandestine drug lab situation in the United States, J. Forensic Sci., 44(1999)647-52.
[42]G. Hargreaves, Clandestine drug labs-chemical time bombs, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, (2000)1-6
[43]T. Manning, Drug labs and endangered children, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, (1999)10-14
[44]行政院衛生署，2006年統計資料
[45]K. M. Andrews, Ephedra's role as a precursor in the clandestine manufacture of methamphetamine, J. Forensic Sci., 40(4)(1995)551-560.
[46]T. S. Cantrell, B. John, , L. Johnson, , A. C. Allen, A Study of impurities found in methamphetamine synthesized from ephedrine, Forensic Sci. Int., 39(1988)39-53.
[47]K. Takako, T. Ohmori, T. Inoue, Analysis of impurities in illicit methamphetamine, Forensic Sci. Int., 56(1992)157-165.
[48]R. P. Barron, A. V. Kruegel, J. M. Moore, T. C. Kram, Identification of impurities in illicit methamphetamine samples, Journal Assoc Off Anal Chem., 57(1974)1147-1158.
[49]T. C. Kram, A. V. Krugel, The identification of impurities in illicit methamphetamine exhibits by gas chromatography/ mass spectroscopy, J. Forensic Sci., 22(1977)40-52.
[50]M. Lambrechts, T. Klemetsrud, K. E. Rasmussen, H. J. Storesund, , Analysis of Leuckart-specific impurities in amphetamine and methamphetamine, J. Chromatogr., 284(1984)499-502.
[51]T. Inoue, K. Tanaka, T. Ohmori, Y. Togawa, S. Seta, Impurity profiling analysis of methamphetamine seized in Japan, Forensic Sci. Int., 69(1994)97-102.
[52]K. L. Windahl, Investigation of impurites found in methamphtamine synthesised from pseudoephedrine by reduction with hydriodic acid and red phosphorus, Forensic Sci. Int., 76(1995)97-114.
[53]M. Perkal, Y. L. Ng, J. R. Pearson, Impurity profiling of methamphetamine in Australia and the development of a national drugs database, Forensic Sci. Int., 69(1994)77-87.
[54]T.C. Kram, A.V. Kruegel, The Identification of impurities in illicit methamphetamine exhibits by gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic rosonance spectroscopy, J. Forensic Sci., 22(40)(1997)40-53.
[55]T. Ken, Impurity profiling analysis of illicit methamphetamine by capillary gas chromatography , J. Forensic Sci., 39(2)(1994)500-511.
[56]Y. Makino, Y. Urano, T. Nagano, Impurity profiling of ephedrines in methamphetamine by high-performance liquid chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A, 947(2002) 151-154.
[57]T. C. Kram, Analysis of impurities in illicit methamphetamine exhibits Ⅲ: Determination of methamphetamine and methylamine adulterant by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, J. Forensic Sci., 22(1977)508-514.
[58]K. L. Windahl, Investigation of impurites found in methamphtamine synthesised from pseudoephedrine by reduction with hydriodic acid and red phosphorus, Forensic Sci. Int., 76(1995) 97-114.
[59]M. LeBelle, M. Sileika, M. Romach, Identification of a major impurity in methamphetamine, J. Pharm. Sci., 62(1973)862.
[60]寧永成，有機化合物結構鑑定與有機波譜學，科學出版社，2001，1-223.
[61]M. Robert, Silverstein, X. Francis, Webster Spectrometric Identification of organic compounds, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (1997) 144-249.
[62]行政院國家科學委員會精密儀器發展中心出版，儀器總覽-化學分析儀器，10 (1998)38-48.
[63]G.Vordermaier, The Taipei International Symposium on Forensic Sciences( 1991) 2-9.
[64]K. Bailey, Identification and synthesis of di-(1- phenylisopropyl)methylamine, an impurity in illicit methamphetamine, J. Pharm. Sci., 63(10)(1974)1575-1578
[65]L. A. King, K. Clarke, A. J. Orpet, Amphetamine profiling in the UK, Forensic Sci. Intl, 69(1994) 65-75
[66]Y. Marumo, T. Inoue, S. Seta, Analysis of inorganic impurities in seized methamphetamine samples, Forensic Sci. Int., 69(1994) 89-95
[67]H. F. Skinner, Methamphetamine synthesis via hydriodic acid/red phosphorus reduction of ephedrine, Forensic Sci. Int., 48(1990) 123-134
[68]S. Juge, J. P. Genet, Asymmetric synthesis of phosphinates，phosphine oxides and phosphines by michaelis arbuzov rearrangement of chiral oxazaphospholidine, Tetrahedron Letters, 30(21)(1989) 2783-2786
[69]Stromberg, Advances of chemical signature analyses of drug; in proceedings of the international symposium on instrumental applications in forensic drug chemistry, United States Department of Justice, Washington DC(1978)202
[70]T. Kishi, Impurities in methamphetamine, Eisei Kagaku 29(400)(1983).
[71]A. C. Allen, W. O. Rinser, Methamphetamine from ephedrine:Ⅰ. chloroephedrine and aziridines, J. Forensic Sci., 32(1987)953-982.
[72]R. J. Lewis, E. F. Huffine, A. K. Chaturvedi, D. V. Canfield, J. Mattson, Formation of an interfering substance, 3,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidine, during a pseudoephedrine urinalysis, J. Forensic Sci., 45(2000)898-901.
[73]S. M. R. Wille, W. E. E. Lambert, Phenmetrazine or ephedrine? Fooled by library search, J. Chromatogr. A, 1045(2004)259-262.
[74]Y. Marcus, S. Glikberg, Recommended methods for the purification of solvents and tests for impurities: methanol and ethanol, Pure & Appl. Chem., 57(1985) 855-864.
[75]J. Schieferecke, D. Worley, Analysis of red phosphorus using a pyrolysis gas chromatograph/ mass spectrometer, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 71(2004) 47-50.
[76]M. Sato, M. Hida, H. Nagase, Analysis of pyrolysis products of methamphetamine, J. Anal. Toxi., 28(8)(2004) 638-643.
[77]H. Sekine, Y. Nakahara , Abuse of smoking methamphetamine mixed with tobacco: I. Inhalation efficiency and pyrolysis products of methamphetamine, J. Forensic Sci., 32(5)(1987)1271-1280.
[78]M. Sato, M. Hida, H. Nagase, Analysis of pyrolysis products of dimethylamphetamine, J. Anal. Toxicol., 25(5)(2001)304-309.
[79]M. Sato, M. Hida, H. Nagase, Predictable increase of central nervous system stimulation by a pyrolysis product in smoking dimethylamphetamine, J. Health Sci., 50(3)(2004)264-270.
[80]S. T. Padma , D. M. Shakeya, P. M. Gannett, S. C. Patrick, T. M. Bland, T. S. Tracy, Conversion of methamphetamine to N-methyl-methamphetamine in formalin solutions, J. Anal. Toxi., 29(2005)48-53.
第二章 以GC-MS及Py-GC-MS分析S,S(+)-Pseudoephedrine‧HCl 產生3,4-Dimethyl-5-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidine‧HCl變異物之探討
[1]T. L. Li, J. F. Hsu, S. G. Cheng, S. M. Wang, A Discussion of the clandestine laboratory of methamphetamine in courtroom, Forensic Sci.( in Chinese) 58(2005) 1-24.[2]S. M. Lee, T. L. Li, J. F. Hsu, A Study on the impurities of methamphetamine synthesized by clandestine laboratories. Forensic Sci. (in Chinese) 54 (2002) 1-27.
[3]T. Inoue, K. Tanaka, T. Ohmori, Y. Togawa, S. Seta, Impurity profiling analysis of methamphetamine seized in Japan, Forensic Sci. Int. 69(1994) 97-102.
[4]M. Perkal, Y. L. Ng, J. R. Pearson, Impurity profiling of methamphetamine in Australia and the development of a national drugs database, Forensic Sci. Int. 69(1994) 77-87.
[5]A.C. Allen, and W.O.Rinser, Methamphetamine from ephedrine:Ⅰ. chloroephedrine and aziridines, J. Forensic Sci. 32(1987) 953-982.
[6]K.M. Andrews, Ephedra's role as a precursor in the clandestine manufacture of methamphetamine, J. Forensic Sci. 40(1995) 551-560.
[7]K. Kuwayama, K. Tsujikawa, H. Miyaguchi, T. Kanamori, Y. Iwata, H. Inoue, S. Saitoh, T. Kishi, Identification of impurities and the statistical classification of methamphetamine using headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Forensic Sci. Int. 160(2006) 44-52.
[8]K. Takako, T. Ohmori, T. Inoue, Analysis of impurities in illicit methamphetamine, Forensic Sci. Int. 56(1992) 157-165.
[9]M. LeBelle, M. Sileika, , M. Romach, Identification of a major impurity in methamphetamine, J. Pharm. Sci. 62(1973) 862.
[10]F. M. Dayrit, M. C. Dumlao, Impurity profiling of methamphetamine hydrochloride drugs seized in the Philippines, Forensic Sci. Int. 144(2004) 29-36.
[11]T. S. Cantrell, B. John, , L. Johnson, , A. C. Allen, A Study of impurities found in methamphetamine synthesized from ephedrine, Forensic Sci. Int. 39(1988) 39-53.
[12]Y. Marcus, S. Glikberg, Recommended methods for the purification of solvents and tests for impurities: methanol and ethanol, Pure & Appl. Chem., 57(1985) 855-864.
[13]R. J. Lewis, E. F. Huffine, A. K. Chaturvedi, D. V. Canfield, J. Mattson, Formation of an interfering substance, 3,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidine, during a pseudoephedrine urinalysis, J. Forensic Sci., 45(2000) 898-901.
[14]S. M. R. Wille, W. E. E. Lambert, Phenmetrazine or ephedrine? Fooled by library search, J. Chromatogr. A 1045(2004) 259-262.
第三章 Ephedrine, Methylephedrine及Norephedrine的Emde反應產物
[1]法務統計資料。[2]王勝盟，簡化處理技術配合質譜術分析安非他命類藥物之研究，博士論文，(1997)。
[3]施多喜，甲基安非他命、安非他命、麻黃素等系列覺醒劑之鑑析，刑事科學，31(1991) 17-38.[4]徐榮發、隋婉君、莊欽華，安非他命及其原料之分析研究，內政部警政署刑事警察局印行，(1987)。
[5]W.D. Barker, U. Antia, A study of the use of Ephedra in the manufacture of methamphetamine, For. Sci. Int., 166( 2007) 102-109.
[6]K. Tanaka, T. Ohmori, T. Inoue, Analysis of impurities illict methamphetamine, Forensic Sci. Int., 56(1992) 157-165.
[7]K. L. Windahl, Investigation of impurites found in methamphtamine synthesised from pseudoephedrine by reduction with hydriodic acid and red phosphorus, Forensic Sci. Int.,76(1995) 97-114.
[8]M. Lambrechit, Analysis of Leuckart-specific impurities in amphetamine and methamphetamine , J. Chromatogr., 284(1984) 499-502.
[9]K. Bailey, Identification and synthesis of Di-(1-phenylisopropyl)methylamine, an impurity in illicit methamphetamine, J. Pharm.l Sci.,63,10(1974) 1575-1578.
[10]L. A. King, K. Clarke, A. J. Orpet, Amphetamine profiling in the UK Forensic Sci. Int., 69(1994) 65-75 .
[11]Y. Marumo, T. Inoue, S. Seta, Analysis of inorganic impurities in seized methamphetamine samples, Forensic Sci. Int., 69(1994) 89-95.
[12]T. Inoue, K. Tanaka, T. Hmori, Y. Togawa, S. Seta, Impurity profiling analysis of methamphetamine seized in Japan, Forensic Sci. Int., 69(1994) 97-102.
[13]H. F. Skinner, Methamphetamine synthesis via hydriodic acid/ red phosphorus reduction of ephedrine, Forensic Sci. Int., 48(1990) 123-134.
[14]T. S. Cantrell, B. John, L. Johnson, A. C. Allen, A study of impurities found in methamphetamine synthesized from ephedrine, Forensic Sci. Int., 39(1988) 39-53.
[15]M. Perkal, Y. L. Ng, J. R. Pearson, Impurity profiling of methamphetamine in Australia and the development of a national drugs database, Forensic Sci. Int., 69(1994) 77-87.
[16]A. F. Parra, Chlorination reactions of ephedrines revisited. stereochemistry and functional groups effect on the reaction mechanisms, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 9(1998) 661-1671.
[17]S. Juge, J. P. Genet, Asymmetric synthesis of phosphinates, phosphine oxides and phosphines by Michaelis Arbuzov Rearrangement of chiral oxazaphospholidine, Tetrahedron Letters, 30（21）(1989) 2783-2786.
[18]Stromberg, Advances of chemical signature analyses of drug; in proceedings of the international symposium on instrumental applications in forensic drug chemistry, United States Department of Justice, Washington DC, (1978)202.
[19]Kram , The Identification of impurities in illicit methamphetamine exhibits by gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, J Forensic Sci., 22（40）(1977).
[20]T. Kishi, Impurities in methamphetamine , Eisei Kagaku 29, 400(1983)
[21]T. Ken, Impurity profiling analysis of illicit methamphetamine by capillary gas chromatography, J. Forensic Sci., 39（2）(1994) 500-511.
[22]姜雲生，安非他命及甲基安非他命雜質鑑析，刑事科學，33(1992) 84-97G. Vordermaier, Applications of nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry in forensic chemistry, The Taipei International Symposium on Forensic Sciences(1991) 2-9.
第四章 Ephedrine, Methylephedrine及Norephedrine經Nagai合成法反應後所產生之雜質
[1.]施多喜，甲基安非他命、安非他命、麻黃素等系列覺醒劑之鑑析, 刑事科學，31( 1991) 17-38[2.]莊欽華，覺醒劑（安非他命）在日本之禍害及有關問題，刑事科學，28( 1989) 48-60[3.]施志茂，安非他命危害與犯罪防治，華泰文化事業公司出版，(2000)
[4.]王勝盟，簡化處理技術配合質譜術分析安非他命類藥物之研究，博士論文，(1997)( 6)
[5.]法務部毒品統計資料。
[6.]World drug report 2007, UNDOC.
[7.]姜雲生，安非他命及甲基安非他命雜質鑑析，刑事科學，33(1992) 84-97[8.]A. M. A. Verweij, Impurities in illicit drug preparations: amphetamine and methamphetamine, Forensic Sci. Rev., 1(1989) 1-11.[9.]R. S. Frank, The clandestine drug lab situation in the United States, J. Forensic Sci., 44(1999) 647-52.
[10.]K. L. Windahl, Investigation of impurites found in methamphtamine synthesised from pseudoephedrine by reduction with hydriodic acid and red phosphorus, Forensic Sci. Int., 76(1995) 97-114.
[11.]T. Ken, Impurity profiling analysis of illicit methamphetamine by capillary gas chromatography, J. Forensic Sci., 39(2)(1994) 500-511.
[12.]K. L. Windahl, Investigation of impurites found in methamphtamine synthesised from pseudoephedrine by reduction with hydriodic acid and red phosphorus, Forensic Sci. Int., 76(1995) 97-114.
[13.]K. Bailey, Identification and synthesis of Di-(1- phenylisopropyl)methylamine, an impurity in illicit methamphetamine, J. Pharm. Sci., 63, 10(1974) 1575-1578
[14.]L. A. King, K. Clarke, A. J. Orpet, Amphetamine profiling in the UK, Forensic Sci. Int.l, 69(1994) 65-75
[15.]Y. Marumo, T. Inoue, S. Seta, Analysis of inorganic impurities in seized methamphetamine samples, Forensic Sci. Int., 69(1994) 89-95
[16.]H. F. Skinner, Methamphetamine synthesis via hydriodic acid/ red phosphorus reduction of ephedrine, Forensic Sci. Int., 48(1990) 123-134
[17.]S. Juge, J. P. Genet, Asymmetric synthesis of phosphinates，phosphine oxides and phosphines by Michaelis Arbuzov Rearrangement of chiral oxazaphospholidine, Tetrahedron Letters, 30（21）(1989) 2783-2786
[18.]Stromberg, Advances of chemical signature analyses of drug; in proceedings of the international symposium on instrumental applications in forensic drug chemistry, United States Department of Justice, Washington DC, (1978)202
[19.]T. Kishi, Impurities in methamphetamine, Eisei Kagaku 29, 400(1983)
[20.]K. Takako, T. Ohmori, T. Inoue, Analysis of impurities in illicit methamphetamine, Forensic Sci. Int., 56(1992) 157-165.
[21.]T. Inoue, K. Tanaka, T. Ohmori, Y. Togawa, S. Seta, Impurity profiling analysis of methamphetamine seized in Japan, Forensic Sci. Int., 69(1994) 97-102.
[22.]A. C. Allen, W. O. Rinser, Methamphetamine from ephedrine:Ⅰ. chloroephedrine and aziridines, J. Forensic Sci., 32(1987) 953-982.
[23.]T. S. Cantrell, B. John, L. Johnson, , A. C. Allen, A Study of impurities found in methamphetamine synthesized from ephedrine, Forensic Sci. Int. 39(1988) 39-53.
[24.]B.J. Ko, S. Suh, Y.J. Suh, M.K. In, S-H Kim, The impurity characteristics of methamphetamine synthesized by Emde and Nagai method, Forensic Sci. Int., 170(2007) 142-147.
[25.]J.S. Lee, E.y. Han, S.Y.Lee, E.M. Kim, Y.h. Park, M.A. Lim, H.S. Chung, J.H. Park, Analysis of the impurities in the methamphetamine synthesized by three different methods from ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, Forensic Sci. Int., 161(2006) 209-215.
[26.]Y. Qi, I. Evans, A. McCluskey, New impurity profiles of recent Australian imported ”ice”: Methamphetamine impurity profiling and the identification of (pseudo)ephedrine and Leuckart specific marker compounds, Forensic Sci. Int., 169(2007) 173-180.
[27.]E. Lock, Development of a harmonized method for the profiling of amphetamine, Univeristy de Lausanne, 2005.
[28.]L. Dujourdy, V. Dufey, F. Basacier, N. Miano, R. Marquis, E. Lock, L. Aalberg, S. Dieckmann, F. Zrcek, J.S. Bozenko, Drug intelligence based on organic impurities in illicit MA samples, Forensic Sci. Int., 177(2008) 153-161.
第五章 非處方感冒藥錠經由Nagai法製造鹽酸甲基安非他命所殘留之雜質
[1.]World drug report 2007, UNDOC.[2.]T. L. Li, J. F. Hsu, S. G. Cheng, S. M. Wang, A Discussion of the clandestine laboratory of methamphetamine in courtroom, Forensic Sci.( in Chinese) 58(2005) 1-24.
[3.]A.C. Allen, and W.O.Rinser, Methamphetamine from ephedrine:Ⅰ. chloroephedrine and aziridines, J. Forensic Sci. 32(1987) 953-982.
[4.] 施多喜，甲基安非他命、安非他命、麻黃素等系列覺醒劑之鑑析，刑事科學，31(1991)17-38[5.]姜雲生，安非他命及甲基安非他命雜質鑑析，刑事科學，33(1992)84-97[6.]S. M. Lee, T. L. Li, J. F. Hsu, A Study on the impurities of methamphetamine synthesized by clandestine laboratories. Forensic Sci. (in Chinese) 54 (2002) 1-27.
[7.]T. Inoue, K. Tanaka, T. Ohmori, Y. Togawa, S. Seta, Impurity profiling analysis of methamphetamine seized in Japan, Forensic Sci. Int. 69(1994) 97-102.
[8.]M. Perkal, Y. L. Ng, J. R. Pearson, Impurity profiling of methamphetamine in Australia and the development of a national drugs database, Forensic Sci. Int. 69(1994) 77-87.
[9.]K.M. Andrews, Ephedra's role as a precursor in the clandestine manufacture of methamphetamine, J. Forensic Sci. 40(1995) 551-560.
[10.]K. Kuwayama, K. Tsujikawa, H. Miyaguchi, T. Kanamori, Y. Iwata, H. Inoue, S. Saitoh, T. Kishi, Identification of impurities and the statistical classification of methamphetamine using headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Forensic Sci. Int. 160(2006) 44-52.
[11.]K. Takako, T. Ohmori, T. Inoue, Analysis of impurities in illicit methamphetamine, Forensic Sci. Int. 56(1992) 157-165.
[12.]M. LeBelle, M. Sileika, , M. Romach, Identification of a major impurity in methamphetamine, J. Pharm. Sci. 62(1973) 862.
[13.]T. S. Cantrell, B. John, , L. Johnson, , A. C. Allen, A Study of impurities found in methamphetamine synthesized from ephedrine, Forensic Sci. Int. 39(1988) 39-53.
[14.]S. R. Oulton, H. F. Skinner, Reaction byproducts of common cold tablet ingredients via hydriodic acid/ red phosphorus, Journal of the clandestine laboratory investigation chemists association, 9(1999)21-35.
[15.]S. C. DiPari, J. A. Bordelon, H. F. Skinner, Desloratadine: the reaction byproducts of reduction of cold tablets loratadine with hydriodic acid/ red phosphorus, Journal of the clandestine laboratory investigation chemists association, 15(2005)4-11.
[16.]V. Puthaviriyakorn, Identification of impurities and statistical classification of methamphetamine tablets（Ya-Ba）seized in Thailand, Forensic Sci. Int. 126(2002)105-113.
[17.]F. M. Dayrit, M. C. Dumlao, Impurity profiling of methamphetamine hydrochloride drugs seized in the Philippines, Forensic Sci. Int.144(2004)29-36.
[18.]Y. Qi, I. D. Evans, A. McCluskey, Australian Fedral Police seizures of illicit crystalline methamphetamine (ice) 1998-2002: impurity analysis, Forensic Sci. Int. 164(2006) 201-210.
[19.]K. Kuwayama, H. Inoue, J. Phorachata, K. Kongpatnitiroj, V. Puthaviriyakorn, K. Tsujikawa, H. Miyaguchi, T. Kanamori, Y. T. Iwata, N. Kamo, T. Kishi, Comparison and classification of methamphetamine seized in Japan and Thailand using GC with liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase microextraction, Forensic Sci. Int.175(2008) 85-92.
[20.]J. X. Zhang, D. M. Zhang, X. G. Han, Identification of impurities and statistical classification of MA HCl drugs seized in China, Forensic Sci. Int. 182(2008) 13-19.
[21.]J. S. Lee, H. S. Chung, K. Kuwayama, H. Inoue, M. Y. Lee, J. H. Park, Determination of impurities in illicit methamphetamine seized in Korea and Japan, Analytica Chimica Acta, Forensic Sci. Int. 619(2008) 20-25.
[22.]R. J. Lewis, E. F. Huffine, A. K. Chaturvedi, D. V. Canfield, J. Mattson, Formation of an interfering substance, 3,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidine, during a pseudoephedrine urinalysis, J. Forensic Sci., 45(2000) 898-901.
[23.]S. M. R. Wille, W. E. E. Lambert, Phenmetrazine or ephedrine? Fooled by library search, J. Chromatogr. A, 1045(2004) 259-262.
[24.]E-M Kim, J-S Lee, M-J Park, S-K Choi, M-A Lim, H-S Chung, Standardization of method for the analysis of dextromethorphan in urine, Forensic Sci. Int. 161 (2006) 198–201.
[25.]G.M. Miller, R. Stripp, A study of western pharmaceuticals contained within samples of Chinese herbal/ patent medicines collected from New York City's Chinatown, Legal Medicine 9( 2007) 258-264.
第六章 麻黃經由Nagai法製造甲基安非他命所殘留之雜質
[1.]施多喜，甲基安非他命、安非他命、麻黃素等系列覺醒劑之鑑析, 刑事科學, 31( 1991) 17-38[2.]莊欽華，覺醒劑（安非他命）在日本之禍害及有關問題，刑事科學，28( 1989) 48-60[3.]施志茂，安非他命危害與犯罪防治，華泰文化事業公司出版，2000
[4.]王勝盟, 簡化處理技術配合質譜術分析安非他命類藥物之研究，博士論文，1997( 6)
[5.]T. L. Li, J. F. Hsu, S. G. Cheng, S. M. Wang, A Discussion of the clandestine laboratory of methamphetamine in courtroom, Forensic Sci.( in Chinese) 58(2005) 1-24.
[6.]K.L.Windahl, M. J. McTigue, J. R. Pearson, S, J. Pratt, J. E. Rowe, E. M. Sear, Investigation of impurites found in methamphtamine synthesised from pseudoephedrine by reduction with hydriodic acid and red phosphorus, Forensic Sci. Int., 76( 1995) 97-114.
[7.]中國生草藥研究發展中心, 現代本草中國藥材學, 啟業書局出版，(1977)（7）1051-1055
[8.]P. Kalix, The pharmacology of psychoactive alkaloids from Ephedra and Catha, J. Ethnopharmacology, 32( 1991) 201-208.
[9.]B.T. Schaneberg, S. Crockett, E. Bedir, I.A. Khan, The role of chemical fingerprinting: application to Ephedra, Phytochemistry 62( 2003) 911-918.
[10.]S.M. Ickert-Bond, J.J. Skvarla, W.F. Chissoe, Pollen dimorphism in Ephedra L. (Ephedraceae), Rev. Palaeobotany & Palynology 124( 2003) 325-334.
[11.]Q. Wang, Y. Yang, X. Zhao, B. Zhu, P. Nan, J. Zhao, L. Wang, F. Chen, Z. Liu, Y. Zhong, Chemical variation in the essential oil of Ephedra sinica from Northeastern China, Food Chemistry 98( 2006) 52-58.
[12.]R. C. Baselt, Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man. Chemical Toxicology Institute, 1995, 475-479
[13.]E. A. Pehek, M. D. Schechter, Discriminative Stimulus Properties of (+)Cathine,an Alkaloid of the Khat Plant. Pharm. Biochemistry ＆Behavior 36( 1999) 267-271.
[14.]C. C. Hwang, W. C. Lee. Chromatographic resolution of the enantiomers of phenylpropanolamine by using molecularly imprinted polymer as the stationary phase. J. Chromatogr. B, 765( 2001) 45-53.
[15.]I. S. Lurie, R. F. Klein, T. A. Dal Cason, M. J. LeBelle, R. Brenneisen, R. E. Weinberger, Chiral Resolution of Cationic Drugs of Forensic Interest by Capillary Electrophoresis with Mixtures of Neutral and Anionic Cyclodextrins. Anal. Chem., 66( 1994) 4019-4026.
[16.]P.Nencini, S. Fraioli, Environment-Specific Reinstatement of Amphetamine-Mediated Hyperdipsia by Morphine and(-)-Norpseudoephedrine. Pharm. Biochemistry and Behavior, 147( 1994) 339-343.
[17.]P, Nencini, P.Valeri, (-)-Norpseudoephedrine,but not(±)-Amphetamine,Prevents The increase in fluid intake associated with ethanol presentation in rats. Pharm. Research, 24 (1991) 83-91.
[18.]F. A. Moya-Huff, T. J. Maher, Phenylpropanolamine Decreases Food intake in Rats Made Hyperphagic by Various Stimuli. Pharm. Biochemistry ＆ Behavior, 28( 1987) 71-4.
[19.]World drug report 2008, UNDOC.
[20.]C. Chen, J. Biller, S.J. Willing, A.M. Lopez, Ischemic stroke after using over the counter products containing ephedra, J. Neurological Sci. 217( 2004) 55-60.
[21.]K.M. Andrews, Ephedra's role as a precursor in the clandestine manufacture of methamphetamine, J. Forensic Sci. 40( 1995) 551-560.
[22.]W.D. Barker, U. Antia, A study of the use of Ephedra in the manufacture of methamphetamine, Forensic Sci. Int., 166( 2007) 102-109.
[23.]X. Dong, W. Wang, S. Ma, H. Sun, Y. Li, J. Guo, Molecularly impurited solid-phase extraction of (-)-ephedrine from Chinese Ephedra, J. Chromatogr. A, 1070( 2005) 125-130.
[24.]Y.L. Tseng, M-H Shieh, Metabolites of ephedrines in human urine after administration of a single therapeutic dose, Forensic Sci. Int., 157( 2006) 149-155.
第七章 國內鹽酸甲基安非他命之雜質分類探討
[1.]N. E. Cray and P. Saiodi, Methamphetamine intoxication. Am. J. Med. 64 (1978) 537-539.[2.]J. A. Harvey, Behavioral pharmacology of central nervous system stimulants. Neuropharmacol. 26(1987) 286.
[3.]R. C. W. Hall, M. K. Popkin and T. P. Beresford, Amphetamine psychosis clinical presentation and differential diagnosis. Psych. Med. 6(1988)73.
[4.]Statistics of Drug Abuse and Testing, National Bureau of Controlled Drugs, Department of Health, Taiwan, ROC, 2005. ＜http://www.nbcd.gov.tw＞.
[5.]K.-P. Shaw, Human methamphetamine-related fatalities in Taiwan during 1991-1996. J. Forensic Sci. 44(1999) 27-31.
[6.]T.-L. Li, J.-F. Hsu, S.-G. Cheng, S.-M. Wang, A discussion on clandestine laboratories of methamphetamine in court. Forensic. Sci. (in Chinese) 58(2005) 1-24.
[7.]K.M. Andrews, Ephedra's role as a precursor in the clandestine manufacture of methamphetamine. J. Forensic Sci. 40(1995) 551-560.
[8.]J. X. Zhang, D. M. Zhang, X. G. Han, Identification of impurities and statistical classification of MA HCl drugs seized in China, For. Sci. Int. 182(2008) 13-19.
[9.]J. S. Lee, H. S. Chung, K. Kuwayama, H. Inoue, M. Y. Lee, J. H. Park, Determination of impurities in illicit methamphetamine seized in Korea and Japan, Analytica Chimica Acta, Forensic Sci. Int. 619(2008) 20-25.
[10.]V. Puthaviriyakorn，"Identification of Impurities and Statistical Classification of Methamphetamine Tablets（Ya-Ba）Seized in Thailand"，Forensic Sci. Int. 126(2002)105-113.
[11.]K. Kuwayama, H. Inoue, J. Phorachata, K. Kongpatnitiroj, V. Puthaviriyakorn, K. Tsujikawa, H. Miyaguchi, T. Kanamori, Y. T. Iwata, N. Kamo, T. Kishi, Comparison and classification of methamphetamine seized in Japan and Thailand using GC with liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase microextraction, Forensic Sci. Int.175(2008) 85-92.
[12.]F. M. Dayrit, M. C. Dumlao, Impurity profiling of methamphetamine hydrochloride drugs seized in the Philippines, Forensic Sci. Int.144(2004)29-36.
[13.]Y. Qi, I. D. Evans, A. McCluskey, Australian Fedral Police seizures of illicit crystalline methamphetamine (ice) 1998-2002: impurity analysis, Forensic Sci. Int. 164(2006) 201-210.
[14.]L. Dujourdy, V. Dufey, F. Basacier, N. Miano, R. Marquis, E. Lock, L. Aalberg, S. Dieckmann, F. Zrcek, J.S. Bozenko, Drug intelligence based on organic impurities in illicit MA samples, Forensic Sci. Int., 177(2008) 153-161.
[15.]T. S. Cantrell, B. John, L. Johnson and A. C. Allen, A Study of impurities found in methamphetamine synthesized from ephedrine. Forensic Sci. Int. 39(1988) 39-53.
[16.]B.J. Ko, S. Suh, Y.J. Suh, M.K. In, S-H Kim, The impurity characteristics of methamphetamine synthesized by Emde and Nagai method, Forensic Sci. Int., 170(2007) 142-147.
[17.]Y. Qi, I. Evans, A. McCluskey, New impurity profiles of recent Australian imported ”ice”: Methamphetamine impurity profiling and the identification of (pseudo)ephedrine and Leuckart specific marker compounds, Forensic Sci. Int., 169(2007) 173-180.
[18.]W.D. Barker, U. Antia, A study of the use of Ephedra in the manufacture of methamphetamine, For. Sci. Int., 166( 2007) 102-109.
[19.]K. L. Windahl, Investigation of impurities found in methamphtamine synthesis from pseudoephedrine by reduction with hydroiodic acid and red phosphorus. Forensic Sci. Int. 76(1995)97-114.
[20.]H.F. Skinner, Methamphtamine synthesis via hydroiodic acid/ red phosphorus reduction of ephedrine, Forensic Sci. Int. 48(1990) 123-134.
[21.]R. J. Lewis, E. F. Huffine, A. K. Chaturvedi, D. V. Canfield, J. Mattson, Formation of an interfering substance, 3,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidine, during a pseudoephedrine urinalysis, J. Forensic Sci., 45(2000) 898-901.
[22.]S. M. R. Wille, W. E. E. Lambert, Phenmetrazine or ephedrine? Fooled by library search, J. Chromatogr. A, 1045(2004) 259-262.
[23.]T-L Li, Y-S Giang, J-F Hsu, S-G Cheng, R.H. Liu, S-M Wang, Artifacts in the GC–MS profiling of underivatized methamphetamine hydrochloride, Forensic Sci. Int. 162(2006) 113-120.
第八章 苯乙胺類藥物之Py-GC-MS分析
[1]A. M. A. Verweij, Impurities in illicit drug preparations: amphetamine and methamphetamine, Forensic Sci. Rev., 1(1989) 1-11.[2]A. Allen, T. S. Cantrell, Synthetic reductions in clandestine amphetamine and methamphetamine laboratories: a review, Forensic Sci. Int., 42(1989) 183-199.
[3]R. S. Frank, The clandestine drug lab situation in the United States, J. Forensic Sci., 44(1999) 647-52.
[4]T. L. Li, J. F. Hsu, S. G. Cheng, S. M. Wang, A discussion of the clandestine laboratory of methamphetamine in court, Forensic Sci.( in Chin.), 58( 2005) 1-24.
[5]S. M. Lee, T. L. Li, J. F. Hsu, A study on the impurities of methamphetamine synthesized by clandestine laboratories. Forensic Sci. (in Chin.) 54 (2002) 1-27.
[6]A. C. Allen, W. O. Rinser, Methamphetamine from ephedrine:Ⅰ. chloroephedrine and aziridines, J. Forensic Sci., 32(1987) 953-982.
[7]K. M. Andrews, Ephedra's role as a precursor in the clandestine manufacture of methamphetamine, J. Forensic Sci., 40(1995) 551-560.
[8]K. J. Varner, N.D. Hein, B. A. Ogden, J. R. Arsenault, K. M. Carter, W. H. Soine , Chloroephedrine: contaminant of methamphetamine synthesis with cardiovascular activity, Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 64(2001) 299-307.
[9]V. Lekskulchai, K. Carter, A. Poklis, W. Soine, GC-MS analysis of methamphetamine impurities: reactivity of (+)- or (-)-chloroephedrine and cis- or trans-1,2-dimethyl-3-phenylaziridine, J. Anal. Toxicol., 24(2000) 602-605.
[10]A. Flores-Parra, P. Suarez-Moreno, S. A. Sanchez-Ruiz, M. Tlahuextl, J. Jaen-Gaspar, H. Tlahuext, R. Salas-Coronado, A. Cruz, H. Noth, Contreras chlorination reactions of ephedrines revisited. stereochemistry and functional groups effect on the reaction mechanisms, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 9(1998) 1661-1671.
[11]K. Kuwayama, K. Tsujikawa, H. Miyaguchi, T. Kanamori, Y. Iwata, H. Inoue, S. Saitoh, T. Kishi, Identification of impurities and the statistical classification of methamphetamine using headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Forensic Sci. Int., 160(2006) 44-52.
[12]T. S. Cantrell, B. John, L. Johnson, A. C. Allen, A study of impurities found in methamphetamine synthesized from ephedrine, Forensic Sci. Int., 39(1988) 39-53.
[13]H. F. Skinner, Methamphetamine synthesis via hydriodic acid/red phosphorus reduction of ephedrine, Forensic Sci. Int., 48(1990) 123-134.
[14]K. L. Windahl, Investigation of impurites found in methamphtamine synthesised from pseudoephedrine by reduction with hydriodic acid and red phosphorus, Forensic Sci. Int., 76(1995) 97-114.
[15]A. C. Allen, W. O. Rinser, Methamphetamine from ephedrine:Ⅰ. chloroephedrine and aziridines, J. Forensic Sci., 32(1987) 953-982.
[16]T. L. Li, Y. S. Giang, J. F. Hsu, S. G. Cheng, R. H. Liu, S. M. Wang, Atifacts in the GC-MS profiling of underivatized methamphetamine hydrochloride, Forensic Sci. Int., 162(2006) 113-120.
[17]R. J. Lewis, E. F. Huffine, A. K. Chaturvedi, D. V. Canfield, J. Mattson, Formation of an interfering substance, 3,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidine, during a pseudoephedrine urinalysis, J. Forensic Sci., 45(2000) 898-901.
[18]S. M. R. Wille, W. E. E. Lambert, Phenmetrazine or ephedrine? Fooled by library search, J. Chromatogr. A, 1045(2004) 259-262.
[19]J. Schieferecke, D. Worley, Analysis of red phosphorus using a pyrolysis gas chromatograph/ mass spectrometer, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 71(2004) 47-50.
第九章 以GC-MS分析未衍生鹽酸甲基安非他命所產生之副產物
[1]N. E. Cray and P. Saiodi, Methamphetamine intoxication. Am. J. Med. 64 (1978) 537-539.[2]J. A. Harvey, Behavioral pharmacology of central nervous system stimulants. Neuropharmacol. 26(1987) 286.
[3]R. C. W. Hall, M. K. Popkin and T. P. Beresford, Amphetamine psychosis clinical presentation and differential diagnosis. Psych. Med. 6(1988)73.
[4]Statistics of Drug Abuse and Testing, National Bureau of Controlled Drugs, Department of Health, Taiwan, ROC, 2005. ＜http://www.nbcd.gov.tw＞.
[5]K.-P. Shaw, Human methamphetamine-related fatalities in Taiwan during 1991-1996. J. For. Sci. 44(1999) 27-31.
[6]T.-L. Li, J.-F. Hsu, S.-G. Cheng, S.-M. Wang, A discussion on clandestine laboratories of methamphetamine in court. Forensic Sci. (in Chinese) 58(2005) 1-24.
[7]K.M. Andrews, Ephedra's role as a precursor in the clandestine manufacture of methamphetamine. J. Forensic Sci. 40(1995) 551-560.
[8]A. M. A. Verweij, Impurities in illicit drug preparations: amphetamine and methamphetamine. Forensic Sci. Rev. 1(1989)1-11.[9]A. Allen and T. S. Cantrell, Synthetic reductions in clandestine amphetamine and methamphetamine laboratories: a review. Forensic Sci. Int. 42(1989)183-199.
[10]T. S. Cantrell, B. John, L. Johnson and A. C. Allen, A Study of impurities found in methamphetamine synthesized from ephedrine. Forensic Sci. Int. 39(1988) 39-53.
[11]K. Takako, T. Ohmori and T. Inoue, Analysis of impurities in illicit methamphetamine. Forensic Sci. Int. 56( 1992)157-165.
[12]M. Lambrechts, T. Klemetsrud, K. E. Rasmussen and H. J. Storesund, Analysis of Leuckart-specific impurities in amphetamine and methamphetamine. J. Chromatogr. Sci. 284(1984)499-502.
[13]T. Inoue, K. Tanaka, T. Ohmori, Y. Togawa and S. Seta, Impurity profiling analysis of methamphetamine seized in Japan. Forensic Sci. Int. 69(1994)97-102.
[14]M. Perkal, Y. L. Ng and J. R. Pearson, Impurity profiling of methamphetamine in Australia and the development of a national drugs database. Forensic Sci. Int. 69(1994)77-87.
[15]T. Ken, Impurity profiling analysis of illicit methamphetamine by capillary gas chromatography. J. Forensic Sci. 39(1994)500-511.
[16]Shu-Mei Lee, Tien-Lai Li and Jung-Fa Hsu, A Study on the impurities of methamphetamine synthesized by clandestine laboratories. Forensic Sci. (in Chinese) 54(2002)1-27.
[17]Y. Makino, Y. Urano and T. Nagano, Impurity profiling of ephedrine in methamphetamine by high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 947(2002)151-154.
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[19]Y. Marumo, T. Inoue and S. Seta, Analysis of inorganic impurities in seized methamphetamine samples. Forensic Sci. Int. 69(1994)89-95.
[20]S. Suzuki and T. Nagao, Analysis of impurities in methamphetamine by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and ion chromatography. J. Chromatogr. Sci. 437(1988)322-327.
[21]T. C. Kram, Analysis of impurities in illicit methamphetamine exhibits Ⅲ: Determination of methamphetamine and methylamine adulterant by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J. For. Sci. 22(1977)508-514.
[22]K. L. Windahl, Investigation of impurities found in methamphtamine synthesis from pseudoephedrine by reduction with hydroiodic acid and red phosphorus. Forensic Sci. Int. 76(1995)97-114.
[23]M. LeBelle, M. Sileika and M. Romach, Identification of a major impurity in methamphetamine. J. Pharm. Sci. 62(1973)862.
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[26]S.-M. Wang, T.-C. Wang and Y.-S. Giang, Simultaneous determination of amphetamine and methamphetamine enantiomers in urine by simultaneous liquid-liquid extraction and diastereomeric derivatization followed by gas chromatography-isotope dilution mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B, 816(, 2005)131-143.
[27]S.-M. Wang, Y.-S. Giang and Ling Y-C, Taguchi’s method in optimizing the experimental conditions of simultaneous supercritical fluid extraction and chemical derivatization for the gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of amphetamine and methamphetamine in aqueous matrix. Forensic Sci. J. 1(1)(2002)47-53. ＜http://www.cpu.edu.tw/~fsjournal＞[28]S.-M. Wang, S.-C. Ho, C.-H. Wu and Y.-S. Giang, Evaluation of chemical derivatization agents for the gas chromatographic-isotope dilution mass spectrometric determination of morphine and codeine in urine. Forensic Sci. J. 3(1)(2004)45-58. ＜http://www.cpu.edu.tw/~fsjournal＞[29]J.H. Autry, CB Derivative and Methamphetamine Testing (PD 002), in: M.D. Rockville (Ed.) National Institute on Drug Abuse Division of Applied Research, Oct. 12, 1990.
[30]J.H. Autry, Amphetamine Reporting (PD 003), in: M.D. Rockville (Ed.) National Institute on Drug Abuse Division of Applied Research, Dec. 19, 1990.
[31]J.H. Autry, NLCP Advisory 3; Summary of Methamphetamine PT Set (PD011), in: M.D. Rockville (Ed.) National Institute on Drug Abuse Division of Applied Research, Oct. 21, 1991.
[32]A.H.B. Wu, K.G. Johnson and S.S. Wong, Impact of revised NIDA guidelines for methamphetamine testing in urine. Clin. Chem. 38(1992)2352.
[33]C.L. Hornbeck, J.E. Carrig and R.J. Czarny, Detection of a GC/MS artifact peak as methamphetamine. J. Anal. Toxicol. 17(1993)257.
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第十章 國內新興甲基安非他命藥錠（Ya-Ba）中雜質之探討
[1]http：// substanceabuse.about.com / library / weekly / aa100602.htm[2]http：// www.jointogether.org / sa / news / summaries / reader/
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[11]http：// www.usatoday.com / news / nation / 2002-08-20-drug-asian_x.htm
[12]http：// www.usa.or.th / news / press / 2001 / nrot067.htm
[13]http://www.china.com.cn/
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[17]http：// news.bbc.co.uk / 1 / hi / world / asia-pacific / 2002205.stm[18]http：// www.csmonitor.com / 2002 / 0529 / p06s01-woap.htm
[19]http：// www.examiner.com / headlines / default.jsp?story=n.drug.0822
[20]http：// www.cyc-net.org / today / today02013.html
[21]http：// server2.tiac.or.th / e_newsletter / 2002 / January / Headline / 1headline / newsjan4 / news4.htm
[22]http：// www.thekcrachannel.com / sac / news / localnews / stories / news-localnews
[23]K. L.Windahl, Investigation of Impurites Found in Methamphtamine Synthesised From Pseudoephedrine by Reduction with Hydriodic Acid and Red Phosphorus, Forensic Sci. Int., 76(1995)97-114
[24]T. Inoue, K. Tanaka, T. Ohmori. Y. Togawa, S. Seta, Impurity Profiling Analysis of Methamphetamine Seized in Japan, Forensic Sci. Int., 69(1994)97-102
[25]F. H. Skinner, Methamphetamine Synthesis Via Hydriodic Acid/Red Phosphorus Reduction of Ephedrine, Forensic Sci. Int., 48(1990)123-134
[26]Y. Marumo, T. Inoue, S. Seta, Analysis of Inorganic Impurities in Seized Methamphetamine Samples, Forensic Sci. Int., 69(1994)89-95
[27]王勝盟，簡化處理技術配合質譜術分析安非他命類藥物之研究，博士論文，(1997)
[28]施多喜，甲基安非他命、安非他命、麻黃素等系列覺醒劑之鑑析，刑事科學，31(1991) 17-38[29]姜雲生，安非他命及甲基安非他命雜質鑑析，刑事科學，33(1992)84-97[30]A. Richard,C. Champe, Lippincott,s Illustraated Reviews Pharmacology, (2002)3-32
[31]V. Puthaviriyakorn, Identification of Impurities and Statistical Classification of Methamphetamine Tablets（Ya-Ba）Seized in Thailand, Forensic Sci. Int., 126(2002)105-113
[32]T Kishi, Impurities in Methamphetamine, Eisei Kagaku 29(1983) 400
[33]K. Tanaka, T. Ohmori, T. Inoue, Analysis of Impurities in Illicit Methamphetamine, Forensic Sci. Int., 56(1992)157-165
[34]C. Randall, H. Robert, Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemical in Man, Chem. Toxicol. Institute, (1995)475-478
[35]行政院勞工委員會，外國人聘僱許可及管理辦法，2001年11月修正發布
[36]徐榮發、隋婉君，安非他命及其原料之分析研究，內政部警政署刑事警察局印行
[37]M. Lambrechit, Analysis of Leuckart-specific Impurities in Amphetamine and Methamphetamine, J. Chromatogr., 284(1984)499-502
[38]K. Bailey, Identification and Synthesis of Di-(1-phenylisopropyl)methylamine, an Impurity in Illicit Methamphetamine, J. Pharm. Sci., 63（10）(1974)1575-1578
[39]L. A. King, K. Clarke, A. J. Orpet, Amphetamine Profiling in the UK, Forensic Sci. Int., 69(1994)65-75
[40]R. S. Frank, The Clandestine Drug Laboratory Situation in the Unite States , J. Forensic Sci., 28（1）(1983)18-31[41]李淑美,黎添來,徐榮發，非法地下工廠合成甲基安非他命中雜質之探討，刑事科學，54(2002)1-27[42]T. S. Cantrell, B. John, L. Johnson, , A. C. Allen, A Study of impurities found in methamphetamine synthesized from ephedrine, Forensic Sci. Int. 39(1988) 39-53.
[43]B.J. Ko, S. Suh, Y.J. Suh, M.K. In, S-H Kim, The impurity characteristics of methamphetamine synthesized by Emde and Nagai method, Forensic Sci. Int. 170(2007) 142-147.
[44]Y. Marcus, S. Glikberg, Recommended methods for the purification of solvents and tests for impurities: methanol and ethanol, Pure & Appl. Chem., 57(1985) 855-864.
[45]R. J. Lewis, E. F. Huffine, A. K. Chaturvedi, D. V. Canfield, J. Mattson, Formation of an interfering substance, 3,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidine, during a pseudoephedrine urinalysis, J. Forensic Sci., 45(2000) 898-901.
[46]S. M. R. Wille, W. E. E. Lambert, Phenmetrazine or ephedrine? Fooled by library search, J. Chromatogr. A 1045(2004) 259-262.
[47]J.X. Zhang, D.M. Zhang, X.G. Han, Identification of impurities and statistical classification of methamphetamine hydrochloride drugs seized in China, Forensic Sci. Int. 182(2008) 13-19.
第二部分 非法愷他命製程中產物之分析
第一章 緒論
[1]法務部、教育部、行政院衛生署：反毒報告書，1995年5月出版。[2]行政院衛生署，藥物濫用-您不可不知道的反毒常識，2001年出版。
[3]馬模貞：毒品在中國，中國科學5(1994)34-41
[4]行政院衛生署、法務部、教育部：2001年反毒報告書，2001年5月出版。
[5]李志恒主編，藥物濫用之防制、危害、戒治，行政院衛生署管制藥品管理局，(2002)168-178.
[6]行政院衛生署管制藥品管理局網路統計資料。
[7]徐健民，刑事化學，中央警察大學，2003.
[8]http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/ketamine/
[9]http://designer-drug.com/pte/12.162.180.114/dcd/chemistry/ketamine2.html
[10]http://www.erowid.org/archive/rhodium/chemistry/pcp/ketamine.html
[11]States Patent Office, 3,254,124 Aminoketones and methods for their production, Patented 5(31)(1966).
[12]http://www.unodc.org/unodc/index.html
[13]M-K Huang, C. Liu, J-H Li, S-D Huang, Quantitative detection of ketamine, norketamine, and dehydronorketamine in urine using chemical derivatization followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. B, 820(2005) 165-173.
[14]P. Xiang, M. Shen, X. Zhuo, Hair analysis for ketamine and its metablites, Forensic Sci. Int., 162(2006) 131-134.
[15]J-Y K. Cheng, M-F Chan, T-W Chan, M-Y Hung, Impurity profiling of ecstasy tablets seized in Hong Kong by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Forensic Sci. Int., 162(2006) 87-94.
[16]T. L. Li, Y. S. Giang, J. F. Hsu, S. G. Cheng, R. H. Liu, S. M. Wang, Atifacts in the GC-MS profiling of underivatized methamphetamine hydrochloride, Forensic Sci. Int., 162(2006) 113-120.
第二章 以GC-MS分析鹽酸愷他命及鹽酸羥亞胺所產生之變異訊號
[1.]S. M. R. Wille, W. E. E. Lambert, Phenmetrazine or ephedrine? Fooled by library search, J. Chromatogr. A, 1045(2004) 259-262.[2.]李志恒主編，藥物濫用之防制、危害、戒治，行政院衛生署管制藥品管理局，(2002)168-178.
[3.]行政院衛生署管制藥品管理局網路統計資料。
[4.]徐健民，刑事化學，中央警察大學，2003.
[5.]http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/ketamine/
[6.]內政部警政署刑事警察局統計資料。
[7.]徐榮發、黎添來，探討臺灣K他命製毒工廠合成時之不純物，中華民國鑑識學會研討會，2007.
[8.]K.Biemann, Tables of Spectral Data for Structure Determination of Organic Compounds-Second Edition, Springer Verlag, 1989.
第三章 以鹽酸羥亞胺合成愷他命所產生之雜質
[1.]李志恒主編，藥物濫用之防制、危害、戒治，行政院衛生署管制藥品管理局，2002，168-178.[2.]行政院衛生署管制藥品管理局網路統計資料。
[3.]徐健民，刑事化學，中央警察大學，2003.
[4.]http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/ketamine/
[5.]http://www.unodc.org/unodc/index.html
[6.]J-Y K. Cheng, M-F Chan, T-W Chan, M-Y Hung, Impurity profiling of ecstasy tablets seized in Hong Kong by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Forensic Sci. Int., 162(2006) 87-94.
[7.]M-K Huang, C. Liu, J-H Li, S-D Huang, Quantitative detection of ketamine, norketamine, and dehydronorketamine in urine using chemical derivatization followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. B, 820(2005) 165-173.
[8.]P. Xiang, M. Shen, X. Zhuo, Hair analysis for ketamine and its metablites, Forensic Sci. Int., 162(2006) 131-134.
[9.]J-Y K. Cheng, M-F Chan, T-W Chan, M-Y Hung, Impurity profiling of ecstasy tablets seized in Hong Kong by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Forensic Sci. Int., 162(2006) 87-94.
[10.]T. L. Li, Y. S. Giang, J. F. Hsu, S. G. Cheng, R. H. Liu, S. M. Wang, Atifacts in the GC-MS profiling of underivatized methamphetamine hydrochloride, Forensic Sci. Int., 162(2006) 113-120.
[11.].C. L. Stevens, I. L. Klundt, M. E. Munk, M.D. Pillai, Amino ketone rearrangements. Ⅳ. Thermal rearrangements of α–amino methyl ketones, J. Org. Chem., 30(1965) 2967-2972
第四章 高沸點有機溶劑對鹽酸羥亞胺合成愷他命之影響
[1.]李志恒主編，藥物濫用之防制、危害、戒治，行政院衛生署管制藥品管理局，2002，168-178.[2.]行政院衛生署管制藥品管理局網路統計資料。
[3.]徐健民，刑事化學，中央警察大學，2003.
[4.]http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/ketamine/
[5.]http://designer-drug.com/pte/12.162.180.114/dcd/chemistry/ketamine2.html
[6.] http://www.erowid.org/archive/rhodium/chemistry/pcp/ketamine.html
[7.]States Patent Office, 3,254,124 Aminoketones and methods for their production, Patented 5(31), 1966.
第五章 化學衍生法應用於愷他命製毒工廠樣品分析之探討
[1.]李志恒主編，藥物濫用之防制、危害、戒治，行政院衛生署管制藥品管理局，(2002)168-178.[2.]行政院衛生署管制藥品管理局網路統計資料。
[3.]徐健民，刑事化學，中央警察大學，2003.
[4.]http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/ketamine/
[5.]A. Mozayani, Ketamine- Effects on human performance and behavior, Forensic Sci. Rev. 14:123(2002).
[6.]徐榮發、黎添來，探討臺灣K他命製毒工廠合成時之不純物，中華民國鑑識學會研討會，2007.
[7.]K. Blau and J. M. Halket, Handbook of Derivatives for Chromatography, 2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, 1997.
[8.]M. K. Huang, C. Liu, J. H. Li, S. D. Huang, Quantitative detection of ketamine, norketamine, and dehydronorketamine in urine using chemical derivatization followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. B, 820(2005) 165-173.
[9.]C. Lora-Tamayoa, T. Tena, A. Rodrı´guez, D. Moreno, J.R. Sancho, P. Ensen˜at, F. Muela, The designer drug situation in Ibiza, Forensic Sci. Int. 140(2004) 195-206
[10.]P. Adamowicz, M. Kala, Urinary extraction rates of ketamine and norketamine following therapeutic ketamine administration: method and detection window considerations, J. Anal. Toxicol., 28(2005) 376-382.
[11.]A. Negrusz, P. Adamowicz, B. K. Saini, D. E. Webster, M. P. Juhascik, C. M. Moore, R. F. Schlemmer, Detection of ketamine and norketamine in urine of nonhuman primates after a single dose of ketamine using microplate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA) and NCI-GC-MS, J. Anal. Toxicol., 28(2005) 376-382.
[12.]S. L. Chou, M. H. Yang, Y. C. Lingc, Y. S. Giang, Gas chromatography-isotope dilution mass spectrometry preceded by liquid–liquid extraction and chemical derivatization for the determination of ketamine and norketamine in urine, J. Chromatogr. B, 799(2004) 37-50.
[13.]C. Liu, J. H. Li, W. I. Tsay, J. Hsu, J. Food Drug Anal.(Taiwan) 13(2005) 101.
[14.]C. H. Wu, M. H. Huang, S. M. Wang, C. C. Lin, R. H. Liu, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of ketamine and its metabolites- A comparative study on the ultization of different derivatization groups, J. Chromatogr. A, 1157(2007) 336-351.