臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫系統

:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
第 1 筆 / 總合 1 筆   第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁
/1頁
題名：智慧財產權保護對經濟成長、創新及貿易之影響探討
作者：黃奕儒
作者(外文)：Yi-Ju Huang
校院名稱：淡江大學
系所名稱：產業經濟學系博士班
指導教授：楊志海
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2009
主題關鍵詞：智慧財產權保護；經濟成長；創新；貿易；IPRs protection；economic growth；innovation；trade
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:0
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:1
中文摘要
在過去20年來，全球智慧財產權保護(intellectual property rights, IPRs)政策開始了一連串重大的轉變。在1994年，世界貿易組織（WTO）訂定了「與貿易有關之智慧財產權協定(Trade Related Aspect of Intellectual Property Rights, including Trade in Counterfeit Goods,以下簡稱TRIPs)」，其中除訂定智慧財產權保護之「最低標準(minimum standards)」外，並要求各會員國加強智慧財產權保護之執行。此後，全球強化智慧財產權保護的趨勢儼然形成，而有更多的智慧財產權規定更出現在雙邊與區域的協議中。
而此一智慧財產權保護政策的形成，主要來自於二方面，一是因新技術的興起造成在智慧財產權的保護上產生了新的問題，因此在智慧財產權保護規則上需要不斷的修訂。例如在書籍、唱片普遍以數位化形式出現時，低廉的重製成本配合網際網路的興起使得出版、娛樂產業面臨了嚴峻的挑戰，並需要新的智慧財產權保護規則來維繫產業的生存。二是全球化經濟的發展趨勢使得智慧財產的知識傳遞更加容易跨越國與國之間的疆域，而當先進國家利用其智財密集（IPR-intensive）產品在國外市場攫取更高的利潤時，使這些先進國家更加積極主導全球智慧財產權保護協議的訂定，並利用其經濟實力，要求其他開發中國家強化其國內的智慧財產權保護。
然而，由於國際間經濟發展程度與貿易政策上的差異，智慧財產權法律的訂定與執行在不同國家間仍存在相當大的差異；而強化智慧財產權保護所產生的效果，在所謂的北國與南國之間也一直存在爭議。雖然已開發國家認為強化智慧財產權保護能鼓勵國際間的技術移轉，並進而帶動國內技術的發展，但部分開發中國家則認為強化智慧財產權保護會傷害其技術進步與經濟成長。這些認知上的差異造成各國對強化智慧財產權政策產生懷疑，因此，本論文的主要目的即希望透過國際間的實證研究，釐清強化智慧財產權保護對不同國家間所產生的影響，並提出政策與執行上的建議。
Abstract
International policies toward intellectual property rights (hereafter IPRs) protection have seen profound changes over the past two decades. Since the Agreement of Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), a foundation of the World Trade Organization (WTO), was enacted to set minimum standards of IPRs protection for WTO members, how to strengthen and harmonize the means for protecting IPRs had stimulated great attentions in the arena of international economic policy. The trend of strengthening IPRs protection has been deeply recognized and additional international IPRs rules have been created in various bilateral and regional agreements.
However, IPRs laws and the enforcement of existing laws differ remarkably across countries due to national differences in economic development and trade policy. The divergence for effects of strengthening IPRs between North and South countries seems to have widened in recent years. Some developing countries argue that an extension of international IPRs harm their technological progress and economic growth. Alternatively, developed countries use the trade policy as a main vehicle for strengthening IPRs across bilateral or multilateral negotiations, implying that stronger IPRs do in fact influence international trade flows.
Therefore, this dissertation aims to investigate the impacts of strengthening IPRs protection on several important macroeconomic issues, including economic growth, innovation and trade flows, and accordingly provides policy implication and enforcement suggestions.
References1
Acemoulu, D., P. Aghion and F. Zilibotti (2006), Distance to Frontier, Selection, and Economic Growth, Journal of the European Economic Association, 4(1), 37-74.
Aghion, P. and P. Howitt (1992), A Model of Growth through Creative Destruction, Econometrica, 60, 325-351.
Baltagi, B.H. (1981), Simultaneous Equation with Error Components Structure, Econometric Theory, 3, 223-246.
Balestra, P. and J. Varadharajan-Krishnakumar (1987), Full-Information Estimations of a System of Simultaneous Equations with Error Component Structure, Econometric Theory, 3, 223-246.
Baltagi, B.H. (2001), Econometric analysis of Panel Data, New York: John Wiley & Sons
Barro, R.J. (1991), Economic Growth in a Cross Section of Countries, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106, 407-443.
Barro, R.J. and X. Sala-I-Martin (1995), Economic Growth, New York: McGraw-Hill.
Brun, J.F., G. Chambas and M.F. Renard (2002), Are There Spillover Effects between Coastal and Noncoastal Regions in China, China Economic Review, 13, 161-169.
Falvey, R.E., N. Foster and D. Greenaway (2006), Intellectual Property Rights and Economic Growth, Review of Development Economic, 10(4), 700-719.
Ginarte, J.C. and W.G. Park (1997), Determinants of Patent Rights: A Cross-National Study, Research Policy, 26, 283-301.
Gould, D.M. and W.C. Gruben (1996), The Role of Intellectual Property Rights in Economic Growth, Journal of Development Economics, 48, 323-350.
Grossman, G.M. and E. Helpman (1991), Quality Ladders and Product Cycles, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106, 557-586.
Horowitz, A.W. and E.L.C. Lai (1996), Patent Length and the Rate of Innovation, International Economic Review, 37, 785-801.
Hsiao, C. (1986), Panel Data Analysis,
Ito, T. and A.O. Krueger (2000), The Role of Foreign Direct Investment in East Asian Economic Development. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Iwaisako, T. and K. Futagami (2003), Patent Policy in an Endogenous Growth, Journal of Economics, 78, 239-258.
Jones, C.I. (1995), R&D-based Models of Economic Growth, Journal of Political Economy, 103, 759-784.
Maskus, K.E. (1998), The International Regulation of Intellectual Property, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 134, 186-207.
Maskus, K.E. (2000), Intellectual Property Rights in the Global Economy, Peterson Institute for International Economics, Washington DC, US.
Osumi, K. and H. Noda (2005), Patent Policy and Economic Growth, paper presented at the 4th Japan Economic Policy Association International Conference, Kobe.
Park, W.G. and J.C. Ginarte (1997), Intellectual Property Rights and Economic Growth, Contemporary Economic Policy, 15, 51-61.
Romer, P.M. (1990), Endogenous Technological Change, Journal of Political Economy, 98, 71-102.
Stern, S., M.E. Porter and J.L. Furman (2002), The Determinants of National Innovative Capacity, Research Policy, 31, 899-933.
Sun, C.H. (2004), Market Imperfection and Productivity Growth- Alternative Estimates for Taiwan, Journal of Productivity Analysis, 22, 5-27.
Thompson, M.A. and F.W. Rushing (1996), An Empirical Analysis for the Impact of Patent Protection on Economic Growth, Journal of Economic Development, 21, 61-79.
Thompson, M.A. and F.W. Rushing (1999), An Empirical Analysis for the Impact of Patent Protection on Economic Growth: An Extension, Journal of Economic Development, 24, 67-76.

Reference2
Chen, Y. and T. Puttitanun (2005), Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation in Developing Countries, Journal of Development Economics, 78, 474-493.
Cincera, M. (1997), Patents, R&D, and Technological Spillovers at the Firm Level: Some Evidence from Econometric Count Models for Panel Data, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 12, 265-280.
Dosi, G.K., K. Pavitt and L. Soete (1990), The Economics of Technical Change and International Trade, New York, New York University Press.
Eaton, J. and S. Kortum (1996), Trade in Ideas, Patenting and Productivity in the OECD, Journal of International Economics, 40, 251-278.
Furman, J.L., M.E. Porter and S Stern (2002), The Determinants of National Innovative Capability, Research Policy, 31 (6), 899-933.
Ginarte, J.C. and W.G. Park (1997), Determinants of Patent Rights: A Cross-National Study, Research Policy, 26, 283-301.
Glass, A. and K. Saggi (2002), Intellectual Property Rights and Foreign Direct Investment, Journal of International Economics, 56, 387-401.
Gound, D.M. and W.C. Gruben (1996), The Role of Intellectual Property Rights in Economic Growth, Journal of Development Economics, 48, 323-350.
Griliches, Z. (1957), Hybrid Corn: An Exploration in the Economics of Technological Change, Econometrica, 25, 501-522.
Grossman, G. and E.L.C. Lai (2005), International Protection of Intellectual Property, American Economic Review, 94, 1635-1653.
Hall, B.H. and R.H. Ziedonis (2001), The Patent Paradox Revisited: an Empirical Study of Patenting in the U.S. Semiconductor Industry, 1979-1995, RAND Journal of Economics, 32(1), 101-128.
Hansen, B. E. (1996), Inference When a Nuisance Parameter is not Identified Under the Null Hypothesis, Econometrica, 64, 413-430.
Hansen, B. E. (1999), Threshold Effects in Non-Dynamic Panels: Estimation, Testing and Inference, Journal of Econometrics, 93, 345-368.
Hansen, B. E. (2000), Sample Splitting and Threshold Estimation, Econometrica, 68, 575-603.
Hausman, J.A., B.H. Hall and Z. Griliches (1984), Econometric Models for Count Data with an Application of the Patents-R&D Relationship, Econometrica, 52, 909-938.
Kortum, S. and J. Lerner (1998), Stronger Protection or Technological Revolution: What is Behind the Recent Surge in Patenting, NBER Working Paper, No. 6204.
Licht, G. and K. Zoz (1998), Patents and R&D, An Investigation Using Application for German, European and US Patent by German Companies, Annales d’Economie et de Statistique 49/50, 329-360.
McCalman, P. (2001), Reaping What You Show: An Empirical Analysis of International Patent Harmonization, Journal of International Economics, 55, 161-186.
Merges, R.P. (1992), Patent Law and Policy, Charlottesville, Virginia: Michie Company.
Nordhaus, W.D. (1972), The Optimal Life of a Patent: Reply, American Economic Review, 62, 428-431.
Park, W.G. and S. Wagh (2002), Index of Patent Right, Economic Freedom of the World, annual report.
Qian, Y. (2004), Do Additional National Patent Laws Stimulate Domestic Innovation in a Global Patenting Environment: A Cross-Country Analysis of Pharmaceutical Patent Protection: 1978-1999, Working Paper, Harvard University.
Sakakibara, M. and L.G. Branstetter (2001), Do Stronger Patents Induce More Innovation? Evidence from the 1988 Japanese Patent Law Reform, RAND Journal of Economics, 32(1), 77-100.
Schneider, P. H. (2005), International Trade, Economic Growth and Intellectual Property Rights: A Panel Data Study of Developed and Developing Countries, Journal of Development Economics, 78, 529-547.
Teitel, S. (1994), Patents, R&D Expenditures, Country Size, and per Capita Income: An International Comparison, Scientometrics, 29, 137-159.
Varsakelis, N.C. (2001), The Impact of Patent Protection, Economy Openness and National Culture on R&D Investment: A Cross-Country Empirical Investigation, Research Policy, 30, 1059-1068.
Yang, C.H. (2008), The Effects of Strengthening Intellectual Property Rights in NIEs: Evidence from Taiwan’s 1994 Patent Reform, Contemporary Economic Policy, 26, 259-275.
Yang, C.H. and J.R. Chen (2001), R&D, Technology Imports and Patents-GMM on Count Panel Data, Taiwan Economic Review, 29(3), 69-87.
Yang, C.H., and N.F. Kuo (2008), Trade-Related Influences, Foreign Patent Rights and Outbound International Patenting, Research Policy, 37, 447-459.
Yang, G. and K.E. Maskus (2001), Intellectual Property Rights and Licensing: an Econometric Investigation, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 137, 58-79.

Reference3
Ahn, S.C. and P. Schmidt (1995). Efficient Estimation of Models for Dynamic Panel Data, Journal of Econometrics. 68: 5-27.
Al-Mawali, N. (2005). Bilateral Intra-industry Trade Flows and Intellectual Property Rights Protection: First Empirical Evidence. Applied Economics Letters, 12: 823-828.
Anderson, J.E. (1979). A Theoretical Foundation of the Gravity Equation. American Economic Review, 69: 106-116.
Anderson, T.W. and C. Hsiao (1982). Formulation and Estimation of Dynamic Models Using Panel Data. Journal of Econometrics, 18: 47-82.
Arellano, M. and O. Bover (1995). Another Look at the Instrumental Variable Estimation of Error-Components Models. Journal of Econometrics, 68: 29-51.
Bergstrand, J. (1985). The Gravity Equation in International Trade: Some Micro- economic Foundations and Empirical Evidence. Review of Economics and Statistics, 67: 474-481.
Brown, D. (1991). Tariffs and Capacity Utilization by Monopolistically Competitive Firms. Journal of International Economics, 30: 371-381.
Chu, W.W. (1988). Export-Led Growth and Import Dependence: The Case of Taiwan, 1969-1981. Journal of Development Economics, 28: 265-276.
Co, C.C. (2004). Do Patent Rights Regimes Matter? Review of International Economics, 12: 359-373.
Cohen, W.M., R.R. Nelson and P.J. Walsh (2000). Protecting Their Intellectual Assets: Appropriability Conditions and Why U.S. Manufacturing Firms Patent (or Not). NBER Working Paper Series, No. 7552.
Falvey, R.E., N. Foster and D. Greenaway (2006). Trade, Imitative Ability and Intellectual Property Rights. GEP Research Paper no. 06/25, Leverhulme Centre for Research on Globalisation and Economic Research, University of Nottingham.
Ferrantino, M.J. (1993). The Effect of Intellectual Property Rights on International Trade and Investment. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 129: 300-331.
Fink, C. and K.E. Maskus (2005). Why We Study Intellectual Property Rights and What We Have Learned, In Fink, C. and K.E. Maskus (eds.), Intellectual Property and Development: Lessons from Recent Economic Research, The World Bank, Washington, DC.
Fink, C. and C.A. Primo-Braga (2005). How Stronger Protection of Intellectual Property Rights Affects International Trade Flows, In Fink, C. and K.E. Maskus (eds.), Intellectual Property and Development: Lessons from Recent Economic Research, The World Bank, Washington, DC.
Ginarte, J.C. and W.G. Park (1997). Determinants of Patent Right: A Cross-National Study. Research Policy, 26: 283-301.
Gould, D.M. and W.C. Gruben (1996). The Role of Intellectual Property Rights in Economic Growth. Journal of Development Economics, 48: 323-350.
Im, K., H. Pesaran and Y. Shin (2003). Testing for Unit Roots in Heterogeneous Panels. Journal of Econometrics, 115: 53-74.
Liu, W.H. and Y.C. Lin (2005). Foreign Patent Rights and High-tech Exports: Evidence from Taiwan. Applied Economics, 37: 1543-1555.
Maskus, K.E. (1997). Implications of Regional and Multinational Agreement for Intellectual Property Rights. World Economy, 20: 681-694.
Maskus, K.E. (1998). The International Regulation of Intellectual Property. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 134: 186-207.
Maskus, K.E. and M. Penubarti (1995). How Trade-Related Are Intellectual Property Rights? Journal of International Economics, 39: 227-248.
Nunnenkamp, P. and J. Spatz (2003). Intellectual Property Rights and Foreign Direct Investment: A Disaggregated Analysis. Review of World Economics, 139: 393-414.
Palmberg, C. (2004). The Sources of Innovations – Looking beyond Technological Opportunities. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 13:183-197.
Rafiquzzaman, M. (2002). The Impact of Patent Rights on International Trade: Evidence from Canada. Canadian Journal of Economics, 35: 307-330.
Rapp, R.T. and R.P. Rozek (1990). Benefits and Costs of Intellectual Property Protection in Developing Countries. Journal of World Trade, 24: 75-102.
Schwartz, M. (1991). Patent Protection through Discriminatory Exclusion of Imports. Review of Industrial Organization, 6: 231-246.
Smith, P.J. (1999). Are Weak Patents a Barrier to U.S. Exports? Journal of International Economics, 48: 151-177.
Smith, P.J. (2001). How do Foreign Patent Rights Affect U.S. Exports, Affiliate Sales, and Licenses? Journal of International Economics, 55: 411-439.
Smith, P.J. (2002). Patent Rights and Trade: Analysis of Biological Products, Medicinal and Botanicals, and Pharmaceuticals. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 84: 495-512.
Taylor, M.S. (1993). TRIPS, Trade and Technology Transfer. Canadian Journal of Economics, 26: 625-637.
Yang, C.H. and R.J. Woo (2006). Do Stronger Intellectual Property Rights Induce More Agricultural Trade? A Dynamic Panel Data Model Applied to Planting Seed Trade. Agricultural Economics, 35: 91-102
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
QR Code
QRCODE

臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

目前上線人數：784（臺灣：763，外國：21） ／ 本年度總使用人次：2393369 ／ 訪客人次（自102年09月）：68195336
國家圖書館著作權聲明 Copyright © 2013 All rights reserved.
本館地址: 100201臺北市中山南路20號． 本館地圖及交通資訊．
總機：(02)23619132．最佳瀏覽解析度為1024x768以上