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題名:大學外籍英語教師及本國學生全球視野之研究
作者:謝惠玲
作者(外文):Brenda Hui-Lin Hsieh
校院名稱:國立嘉義大學
系所名稱:國民教育研究所
指導教授:洪銓修教授
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2009
主題關鍵詞:全球視野師生互動模式教師角色師生認知的差異global perspectivesinteractive modelsroles of FETsmultiform gaps between FETs and students
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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本研究旨在探究外籍英語教師及本國學生全球視野之構成要素及其在英語教學及語言學習的影響。本研究採用質性研究之俗民誌研究法進行深度訪談,以立意取樣的方式選出來自三所大學的外語系的五位外籍英語教師及十五位來自於以上班級的外語系學生參與本研究。經由深度訪談,研究者探討了外籍英語教師及學生如何定義全球視野,以及構成師生全球視野的情境脈絡因素。本研究亦探究外籍英語教師如何將全球視野融入課程與教學,以及外籍英語教師在培養學生之全球視野所扮演的角色,其中包括師生對於學習成效之期望的差異,進而提出對英語教學之課程設計及提升英語學習成效的建議。
本研究以符號互動論為理論基礎。累計達692頁之資料,包括472頁逐字稿,70頁的個人背景資料,以及150頁的研究札記、教學大綱及教材等資料,研究者以紮根理論之持續比較分析法進行資料分析。 本研究發現外籍英語教師之全球視野主要是由個人累積的旅遊經驗、多元文化社會的成長背景、跨文化活動、多元的教育體系、個人興趣及廣泛閱讀的能力所構成。另一方面,研究結果顯示本國學生之全球視野主要是由學生的個人興趣、接觸資訊網路及媒體、與外籍英語教師的互動、分享外籍英語教師的異國經驗、橫向統整及縱向連貫的教學活動、及參與國際活動所構成。
外籍英語教師將全球視野融入課程教學之互動模式,依其認知程度之不同,共有以下三種:外籍英語教師單向互動模式,學生單向互動模式,及外籍英語教師與學生之雙向互動模式。由於師生對全球視野形成之認知程度上的差異,在教師的教學及學生的認知比重的天平上,會隨外籍英語教師及本國學生不同的認知程度而傾斜。
在外籍英語教師與學生對於學習成效之期望的差異方面,本研究發現計有認知上的差異、理解上的差異、及文化上的差異等三種類型。不同教師的個人特質亦會決定教師在培養學生的全球視野上所扮演的角色;於此,本研究依其功能將其教師所扮演的角色設定為教師在學生學習英語及拓展全球視野,提供認知、教學,及情意上的支持。
本研究亦顯示外籍英語教師同時以橫向統整及縱向連貫方式,以多元主題、課堂活動及教材,將全球視野融入課程與教學。在教學過程中,本研究發現學生與外籍英語教師之互動,不但能提升學生對於課程主題及課堂活動之學習動機,增加自信心,進而提升跨文化溝通的技巧,學習欣賞本土價值,尊重各種不同文化之間的差異,以及主動關心全球議題。
最後,基於以上發現,本研究亦根據研究結果對英語教學之課程設計及提升英語學習成效提出若干建議。
The purpose of this study was to describe and explain FETs’ and students’ global perspectives in teaching and learning English as a foreign language in college EFL classroom. By using purposeful sampling of qualitative method, five foreign English teachers and fifteen Taiwanese students from three universities in Taiwan were selected to participate in this study. This study describes and interprets the meaning of the statements and transcriptions of these informants. Through the method of in-depth interviews, the researcher came to understand how these FETs and EFL learners define global perspectives, explore constituent elements of the formation of global perspectives, and probe into the interactive models for FETs to infuse global perspectives into their language teaching, roles of FETs in exploring students’ global perspectives and multiform gaps between FETs and students in EFL classrooms.
The theoretical framework that guided this study was “symbolic interactionism” in sociology. The accumulated raw data included approximate 692 pages including 472 pages of transcription, 70 pages of demographic background sheets, and 150 pages of field notes of in-depth interviews. For this study, methods of qualitative inquiry encompassing in-depth interviews, demographic background survey, and artifacts collection were utilized. The collected data was analyzed by using the constant comparative method prescribed by Glaser and Strauss (1967) in their development of the “Ground Theory.”
Based on the outcome of this study, the constituent elements of the formation of FETs’ global perspectives encompassed compiled traveling experience, multi-cultural growing backgrounds, cross-cultural activities, diversified educational systems, personal interest, and the power of extensive reading. On the other hand, the outcome of the study identified that elements constituted EFL learners’ global perspectives included students’ personal interest, accessing informative media, interaction with FETs, sharing FET’s overseas experiences, integrative teaching activities, and attending international activities.
The findings indicated three interactive models for FETs to infuse global perspectives into their language teaching: FETs’ mono-directional interactive model, students’ mono-directional interactive model, and FETs’ and students’ bidirectional interactive model. Depending on different levels of cognition toward the achievement of global perspectives, the weight of the scale inclined to different sides which symbolized different levels of perception from teachers and students.
Due to the difference between what we know about effective learning and what is currently happening in the classroom, multiform gaps emerged through the different cognitive expectations between FETs and the students. According to the existing data and analysis, there are three categories of multiform gaps between interactions with FETs and students: they are cognitional gaps, comprehensive gaps, and cultural gaps. In addition, different characteristics determine different roles of the FETs in exploring students’ global perspectives; this research distributed the function of the roles into three categories: cognitional support, pedagogical support, and affective support.
Based on the existing data, the strategy FETs adopted in exploring global perspectives encompasses transverse integration and vertical integration. The FETs designed various topics, teaching activities and teaching materials to infuse global perspectives into teaching and learning. To students, the interaction with FETs and the infusion of global perspectives into teaching materials, teaching topics, and teaching activities can elevate their learning motivation, enhance their self confidence, reinforce their cross-cultural skills, appreciate local values, respect the difference, and care more about global issues.
On the basis of these findings, several pedagogical implications are proposed, along with suggestions for further related research.
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