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題名:台灣英語教師語調及母音的研究
作者:廖淑蓉
作者(外文):Shu-jong Liao
校院名稱:高雄師範大學
系所名稱:英語學系
指導教授:鍾榮富
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2011
主題關鍵詞:語調母音長度母音音質語調單位發音教學超音段prosodyintonationvowel durationvowel qualitytone unitspronunciation teachingsuprasegmentals
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本文旨在研究台灣中學英語教師的英語語調及母音。在台灣,英語教師的口語表現影響大部分學生的發音習得,因此,本研究對於台灣英語發音教學有重要價值。計四十位台灣英語教師以及十五位英語母語人士,各自唸出一篇診斷式文章,從而擷取其中五句不同句型之句子加以分析其語調,並比較文章中六個母音在重音及非重音時的長度及音質的變化。
研究結果顯示,英語母語人士將一個句子的語調切分為一或數個語調單位(tone units),並將重音分為四個層級。而台灣英語教師及英語母語人士最大的差別在於台灣英語教師缺乏語調單位的概念,因此造成他們在唸英語句子時,依照教科書所學,將句子分為實詞與虛詞兩個層級:實詞為重音,而虛詞為非重音。另外,台灣常用的語調教科書多採用Pike在1945年發展出來的語調呈現方式,本研究證明此種呈現雖然簡單易懂,但過於簡化,造成英語教師無法得知英語語調之全貌。
儘管Crystal在1969年所發展的語調單位較複雜且不具預測性,但因其正確敘述了英語母語人士的語調,因此對於英語教師的訓練極有價值。為了提升台灣英語教師對英語語調的認知,建議在英語師資的訓練過程中,利用電腦輔助教學呈現實際音高的變化,建立語調單位的概念。
The dissertation aims to investigate Taiwanese English teachers’ prosody, which is very often the primary source of pronunciation input for English-learning students in Taiwan. Forty Taiwanese English teachers (TS) and fifteen native speakers of American English (NS) were recruited, and all of the subjects were asked to read out aloud a diagnostic passage. Five sentences were selected for intonation analysis, and six stressed-unstressed vowel pairs were compared for the contrasts of their vowel duration and vowel quality.
Results of the study revealed that the NS groups had the concept of tone units in mind, and they employed four levels of prominence. However, Taiwanese English teachers lacked the concept of tone units, and thus distinguished only two levels of stress in connected speech. Without the higher hierarchical levels of tonic stress and intonation stress, they distinguished stressed from unstressed words solely on the basis of the lexical-based content/ function dichotomy. The lack of the concept of tone units is argued to be resulted from the oversimplified stress markings and intonation representation presented in prosody teaching textbooks.
Notwithstanding its greater inherent complexities and heavily-descriptive nature, the British analysis of tone units is proved to approximate the knowledge of native speakers in the present investigation, and thus is of great value for practical learning purposes. In order to help Taiwanese English teachers to gain a more nuanced view of tone units and sentence intonation, it is suggested that they are provided with ongoing visual feedback with the aid of computer-based phonetic instruction during teacher training programs.
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