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題名：以語意網知識本體提昇XML-based應用系統智能之解決方案
作者：曾源揆
作者(外文)：Yuan-Kwei Tzeng
校院名稱：國立中興大學
系所名稱：資訊科學與工程學系所
指導教授：黃德成
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2012
主題關鍵詞：語意網；指揮與管制；本體論；行為場景；Semantic；Command and Control；Ontology；MSDL
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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XML為一嚴謹規範、具擴展性的標示語言標準，主要在強調資料表示的語法與格式。透過 XML剖析器(如DOM、XPath)可在定義的XML文件內，將所需的資訊擷取出及編輯，供不同的平台上使用。XML提供資料結合與交換的標準！但是，只有定義出文件標準並未特別著重在語意與知識的表達，使得XML的文件描述只有人類能了解其內容，仍然缺乏電腦可解讀的知識來支援智慧型應用軟體的開發。Semantic Web為解決這個問題，期望提供具有語意與結構能力的資料，以便可被電腦所理解進而加以處理發展成為一個具有智慧的語意網。在語意網的架構下，可達到人與電腦間密切合作處理複雜工作之目的。
知識本體又稱為本體論，在不同領域的資源類別中，經由概念(Concept)、關係(Relations)及實例(Instances)三者的連結，找出類別之間的關係，建立知識本體的抽象類別架構。概念性的知識本體具有結構化的特點，因此可對該領域的屬性進行推理，使資料更具知識性。本論文就語意網技術可對以XML為基礎的應用提供那些新契機的議題作相關探討。在研究的過程中，我們針對具高度複雜度的軍事行為場景、軍事行動描述語言與感測網路等不同領域的XML應用為範本，在使用語意網技術提昇知識的表達後，可改善這些XML文件的知識表示能力，進而促使電腦可以解讀這些知識，即時的整合出具有智慧的推論。
在軍事行為場景、軍事行動描述語言的應用領域中，我們發展以OWL為基礎的轉碼系統與語意混合轉碼平台，前者提供可擴展轉碼策略的架構，此架構具垂直結構的知識本體基礎，具智慧的自動轉換XML文件為模擬驗證系統可以接受的格式。後者提供整合語意網服務與法則轉碼技術，可融合異質性轉碼過程中所造成的影響，這些異質性包括(軍事)行動中各種不同的轉碼策略、標示文件、裝備限制、使用者喜好與伺服器平台。
感測網路最早發明於軍事領域，因此應用於軍事領域的感測器偵測也較精密及多方面。在感測網路的應用領域中，我們將感測器偵測到的不同威脅行為採用語意網技術分門別類，規劃出4大項威脅行為，提供系統具有發現特定行為的動態神經鏈結能力。將動態感測的即時環境狀態、行動標準以及場景資料一同置入推論引擎執行推論，推論出最符合現況的軍事場景標準文件內容暨行動方案。此法不但結合了環境情境的感知資訊，同時也具備自動化的知識智能推論，找出最符合現況的軍事推演內容。
最後，我們定義在軍事本體語意的存取控制機制，實現了系統訊息流在雲端運算過程的資源管控。
XML was designed for straightforwardly usable over the internet, can support variety of applications, easy to write programs processing the XML documents. XML documents possess human-legible reasonably clear and prepared quickly properties. Since XML lays stress on syntax and format for analysis rather than semantic and knowledge presentation. Hence, XML reveals the advantages on data association and interoperability, but it still lacks knowledge-correlation to produce application intelligence. In military domain, the Military Scenario Definition Language (MSDL) is intended to provide a standard mechanism for loading Military Scenarios independent of the application generating or using the scenario. Standard MSDL is defined in an XML schema which still focus on exchange of all or part of scenarios between (e.g.) Command and Control (C2) planning applications, modeling and simulation, and war-game applications. Without knowledge correlation between resources in MSDL, it cannot satisfy the military operations which vary from minute to minute. The Semantic Web technologies address the issue developing an intelligent Web, aims to bring structure for computer programs to understand and process. In Semantic Web, having data as well as documents on the Web, computers can process, transform, assemble, and even act on the data in useful ways. In this vision, humans and machines may co-work in reasoning and solving complex tasks.
Ontology is a formal representation of a set of concepts within a domain and the relationships between those concepts. Endowing the XML-based Military Scenario Definition Language (MSDL) with Ontology representation can solve time-consuming and cost in traditional manually establish a military scenario task. This dissertation representing solution in associated the mission plan with military scenario resource and domain knowledge. While here is a clear capture the internal relationships among the military scenario resources, including unit, equipment, task, force, and COA.
In the thesis dissertation, we argue that how OWL-based ontology, RDF-based metadata, Jena, and MSDL technologies can be used to develop Ontology-based Military Scenario Resources Management (OMSRM) platform in the military scenario domain. The OMSRM platform is implemented based on the multiple layered military scenario development framework. This study also addresses the issue developing a private cloud PaaS, Semantic-based Military Mission Planning platform (called SMMP platform), which can be combined with existing cloud service models, SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS to facilitate military scenario development. To SMMP platform applications show how military commander can be assisted to automatically generate a military mission plan with MSDL document.
With the development of cloud computing and handheld mobile computer devices, divert from intranet to public internet, the mutual understandability among distributed access control policies between the critical information used in military domain for decision making has become a important issues. Finally, we introduce a semantic based multi level secure access control C2 system in cloud computing environment. Access Control Ontology based on Battlefield Markup Language is designed as semantic basis of the SO-C2.
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