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題名：知識流動障礙演變之探討與複合式研究方法之建構
作者：吳如娟
作者(外文)：JU-CHUANWU
校院名稱：國立成功大學
系所名稱：資訊管理研究所
指導教授：林清河
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2013
主題關鍵詞：知識管理；知識流；知識管理成熟度模式；知識領航模式；正規概念分析法；內容分析法；Knowledge Management (KM)；Knowledge flow；Knowledge management maturity model (KMMM)；Knowledge Navigator Model (KNM)；Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT)；Content Analysis；Formal Concept Analysis (FCA)；Triangulation
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本論文旨在探討企業的知識流動障礙的演變等知識管理研究領域中的議題，文章內容從知識管理活動的回顧，到從事知識管理相關議題研究方法之探討，乃至建構一個複合式研究方法，並以知識流為研究議題實際演練與驗證本研究所提出之複合式研究方法的適用性與延伸的應用，其主要可分為二大部分：第一部分(Chapter 3, Study I: Evolutional Barriers to Knowledge Flow)，從知識管理活動的發展進程的回顧，以知識管理成熟度的角度來觀察在不同階段影響企業組織內知識流動障礙的演變；第二部分(Chapter3, Study II: A Hybrid Approach to Knowledge Flow)，則從知識在組織間流動特性的角度，來探討從事知識管理相關的研究方法，並建構一個有助於從事知識管理或是社會科學研究等相關議題的複合式研究方法。
由於知識管理活動涉及知識本身的特性、知識傳遞與接收的行為、資訊科技使用、以及組織介入等多種因素，知識的流動障礙的因素顯然也會隨著知識管理活動的發展而有所改變，因此第一部分採用知識管理成熟度模式來觀察近十幾年來知識管理的活動及影響知識流動障礙的演變。其主要研究發現為：(1)不同的知識管理成熟度階段，會有不同的知識流動障礙；而(2)知識流動的障礙的特性在不同的知識成熟度階段亦會隨之改變。
另外，在從事知識流有關的研究過程中，發現知識管理相關的研究議題往往因為涉及知識量的龐大或內容過於複雜、且傳遞與接收的過程互動頻繁等情境因素，或是從事研究者的主觀價值判斷等因素，而使研究的進行面臨各種不同挑戰，而單一方法的研究方法似乎已無法全面掌握這類與知識流動相關的研究議題，因此，本研究的第二部分則從知識流在不同階段演變的觀察與研究過程中，進一步提出一個整合正規概念分析方法(Formal Concept Analysis, FCA)、三角量測觀點(Triangulation)、質性研究方法、以及量化分析工具等的複合式研究方法，並同時應用在知識流的研究上，以實際的案例進一步說明及驗證該複合式研究方法的可行性與適用性。本研究所提出的複合式研究方法在處理知識流動的議題上有相當的助益，亦可克服定性與定量方法等研究限制，預期能助於的協助知識管理相關研究議題或性質相近的管理科學等研究的進行。另外在研究過程中發現，知識流動本質上因涉及知識本身的複雜度、組織的介入、及資訊科技的採用等因素而產生不同的變化，流動障礙因素會隨著為流動情境的不同，產生多元的變化，而障礙因素間亦可能相互影響而進而影響組織內的知識管理活動及績效，所提方法透過概念圖方式呈現各流動障礙因子在知識流上的知識結構與因果關係，亦可協助管理者用來評估與掌握流動障礙因素間之相互關係，以有助於知識管理活動的績效
This article mainly consists of two studies about knowledge flow: (1) an exploratory research about the evolutional barriers to knowledge flow accompanies with KM maturity levels’ changing, and (2) a hybrid approach to knowledge flow.
Study I is about the evolutional barriers to knowledge flow, it started from the observation of the progress of knowledge management (KM) in the last few decades, and in addition, knowledge flow is one of the critical issues in KM. Hence, it intended to help in assessing the progress of KM initiatives in the firm. In this study, the barriers to knowledge flow were categorized according to the cultural historical activity theory (CHAT), and the knowledge navigator model (KNM) was used to address the gaps in the current literatures. As part of exploratory study, longitudinal survey, involving constant observation, development and use of questionnaires and qualitative interviews with experts of seven firms were conducted. The selected sample firms are covered a wide range of KM maturity levels, and triangulation was adopted to enhance the quality of the process. The major findings indicated that: (1) barriers to knowledge flow were inherently different at different KM maturity levels; and (2) various changes in the barriers to knowledge flow were associated with the maturity of the KM.
Study II is about the method to deal with the issue of knowledge flow since that are usually involving various entities and complex interactions with numerous contents and dynamic contexts. This study thus attempts to develop an approach with triangulation to explore the determinants of knowledge flows, as well as the relationships among them. It is designed to handle the issues that arise in the various interactions and numerous contexts among entities and/or activities that are associated with KM. The proposed hybrid approach is found helpful in dealing with the issue of knowledge flow, and can be considered as a way to overcome the limitations both of qualitative and quantitative methods. In addition, the findings also show the presence of multi-directional and adaptive interactions among determinants to knowledge flows, and also how these influence a firm’s KM initiatives and performance. The proposed approach focuses on the visualization of probable determinants to knowledge flows within an organization and it can be utilized to evaluate the determinants and their relationships with each other, which many help managers to take actions to achieve more effective and efficient KM.
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