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題名:中國與東協國家的反毒合作--新自由制度主義的觀點
作者:黃益盟
作者(外文):Yi-Meng Huang
校院名稱:國立中山大學
系所名稱:中國與亞太區域研究所
指導教授:顧長永
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2014
主題關鍵詞:新自由制度主義合作反毒國際建制絕對利得anti-drugsabsolute gainsinternational regimeneoliberal institutionalismcooperation
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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金三角是世界上最主要的毒品產地之一,其主要生產毒品鴉片、海洛因以及安非他命等類毒品,隨著中國與東南亞地區吸食人口不斷的增加,以及愛滋病感染的擴張,對於區域的安全造成甚大的威脅,在此情勢之下,1990年代初期,中國開始與東協國家展開相關的反毒合作。
對於國家之間合作的探討,國際關係理論有不同的觀點,本文以新自由制度主義的觀點,來檢視中國與東協國家的反毒合作。中國與東協國家的反毒合作建立在三個層次的框架中:東協與中國禁毒合作行動計畫、大湄公河次區域合作、與金三角國家的雙邊合作,此三種合作機制,大致具備新自由制度主義的建制內涵。國家之間能基於絕對利得的考量,形成合作關係,建制的功能亦能促進並維持合作關係的持續;同時,中國提供公共財,並領導金三角國家打擊毒品犯罪,雖不能認定中國在合作關係中扮演霸權的角色,但卻有助於合作關係的維繫。
從合作的成效來觀察,本文以鴉片的種植面積、毒品的破獲量、聯合緝毒合作案例以及替代發展等四項指標,來檢視合作關係的成效,各項指標都能證明中國與東協國家的反毒合作,呈現一定程度的成效,然而禁種鴉片所帶來的經濟與生計上的衝擊,各國對合作的投入不一,加上隨著國際鴉片價格的飆漲,以及緬甸內部衝突的持續,使得鴉片的種植死灰復燃;同時,合作建制缺乏懲罰機制,單憑成員國對於建制規範的自願順從,而無強而有力的約束性,將使合作關係未來的發展,面臨極大的挑戰。
Golden Triangle is one of the most important illegal drugs production areas in the world. It produces opium, heroin and amphetamine etc. As the increasing of addiction population and expansion of HIV infected China and South East Asia, it threats the security of the region greatly. In 1990 era, China and ASEAN began to engage in the relationship of anti-drugs cooperation.
As to the issues of cooperation between the national states, the international relations theory has different perspectives. This thesis uses the neoliberal institutionalism perspective to analyze the cooperation of anti-drugs between China and ASEAN states in the frame of three levels: ACCORD, the cooperation of Greater Mekong Sub-region and the cooperation of bilateral relationship. The three cooperation mechanisms mostly possess the contents of international regime which the neoliberal institutionalism had defined. The cooperation’s of China and ASEAN states were reformed based on absolute gains, and the function of regime could promotes the sustainability of cooperation. Meanwhile, China provided the public goods for the cooperative countries. It facilitates the cooperation of attack against the drugs crimes, although it can''t assert China plays the Hegemony in the case.
The thesis examined the effects of cooperation in four indicators: the cultivation of opium, the seizures of drugs, the cases of law enforcement and alternative development. All of the indicators reveal some certain effects of the cooperation. However, the damages of economic performance and livelihoods that the opium ban brings, the varied magnitude of inputs of cooperative countries, the rising price of opium in international market and the conflict inside the Myanmar have made the opium cultivation and production began to revive. Meanwhile, the cooperation regimes lack the mechanism of punishment. Without the combination, many challenges in anti-drugs cooperation between China and ASEAN states remain. The development of cooperation would be difficultly in the future.
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英文部分
專書
Acharya, Amitav, 2000. Contracting a Security Community in Southeast Asia: ASEAN and the Problems of Regional Order, New York: Routledge Press.
Axelrod, Robert M., 1984. The Evolution of Cooperation. New York: basic Book Press.
Baldwin, David A. ed., 1993. Neorealism and Neoliberalism: The Contemporary Debate. New York: Columbia University.
Baylis, John and Steve Smith ed., 2001. The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations. Oxford: Oxford University.
Buzan, Barry, 1991. People, State and Fear: An Agenda for International Security in the Post-Cold War Era. New York: Harvard Wheastsheaf.
Fabre, Guilhem, 2003. Criminal Prosperity: Drug Trafficking, Money Laundering, and Finical Crisis after Cold War. New York: Routledge.
Kindleberger, Charles, 1973. The World in Depression: 1929-1939. Berkeley: California University Press.
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Hasenclever, Andreas, Peter Mayer and Volker Ritterberger, 1993. Theories and International Regimes. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Keohane, Robert O., 1984. After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy. New Jersey: Princeton University.
Keohane, Robert O., 1986. Neorealism and its Critics. New York : Columbia University Press.
Keohane, Robert O., 1989. International Institutions and State Power: Essay in International Relations Theory. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.
Keohane, Robert O. and Joseph S. Nye, 1977. Power and Interdependence: World Politics in Transition. Boston: Little Brown.
Krasner, Stephen D., ed., 1983. International Regimes. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
Koremenos, Barbara, Charles Lipson, and Duncan Sindal, ed., 2001. In The Rational Design of International Institutions. New York: Cambridge University Press.
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Morgenthau, Hans J., 1978. Politics Among nations: Struggle for Power and peace, 5th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Press.
Nye, Joseph S., 2002. The Paradox of American Power: Why the World’s Only Superpower Can’t go It Alone. New York: Oxford University Press.
Olson, Mancur, 1965. The logic of Collective Action. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Ray, Oakley J. and Charles S. ksir, 2004. Drugs, Society and Human Behavior. N.Y.: McGraw-Hill.
Renard, Ronld D., 1996. The Burmese Connection: Illegal Drugs and the making of the Golden Triangle, Boulder: L. Rienner Publishers.
Renard, Ronld D., 2010. Mainstreaming Alternative Development in Thailand, Lao PDR and Myanmar: A Process of Learning. New York: United Nations.
Waltz, Kenneth N., 1959. Man, the States and War. New York: Columbia University.
Waltz, Kenneth N., 1979. Theory of International Politics. New York: Mcgraw-Hill.
Waltz, Kenneth N., 2008. Realism and International Politics. N. Y.: Routledge.
Young, Oran R., 1999. Governance in World Affairs. Ithata NY: Cornell University Press.

專書論文
Donnelly, Jack, 2009. “Realism” in Scott. Burchill and Andrew Linklater, eds., Theories of International Relation. 4th edition. N.Y.: Palgrave Macmillan Press. Chapter 2.
Grieco, Joseph M., 1993. “Understanding the Problem of International Cooperation: The Limits of Neoliberial Institutionism and the Future of Realist Theory” in David A. Baldwin, ed., Neorealism and Neoliberalism: The Contemporary Debate. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 301-339.
Little, Richard, 1997. “International Regimes,” in John Baylis and Steve Smith ed., In the Global World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations. New York: Oxford university press. pp. 296-311.
Moravcisk, Andrew, 2003. “Liberal International Relations Theory: A Scientific Assessment,” in Colin Elman and Miriam Fendius Elman ed., Progress in International Theory . Cambridge: MA: MIT Press. pp. 159-204.
Williams Phil and Gregory Baudin- O''Hayon, 2003. “Global Governance, Transnational Organized Crime and Money Laundering,” in David held and Anthony McGrew ed., Governing Globalization: Power, Authority and Global Governance. Cambridge: polity Press. pp. 123-144.

期刊論文
Arase, David, 2010/7-8. “Non-Traditional Security in China-ASEAN Cooperation: The Institutionalization of Regional Security Cooperation and the Evolution of East Asian Regionalism,”Asian Survey, Vol. 50, No. 4, pp. 808-833.
Andelman, David A., 1994/ 7-8. “The Drug Money Maze,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 73, No. 5, pp. 94-108.
Brown, Catherine, 1999/9. “Burma: the Political Economic of Violence,” Disaster, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 234-256.
Carstairs, Catherine, 2005/1. “The Stages of the International Drug Control System” Drug and Alcohol Review, Vol. 24, pp. 57-65.
Cohen, Paul T., 2009/9. “The Post-opium Scenario and Rubber in Northern Laos: Alternative Western and Chinese Models of Development,” The International journal on drug policy, Vol. 20, No. 5, pp.424-430.
Cornell, Svante E., 2005/Spring/Summer. “Narcotics, Radicalism, and Armed Conflict in Central Asia: The Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan,” Terrorism and Political Violence, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 619-639.
Dupont, Alan, 1999/5-6. “Transnational Crime, Drugs, and Security in East Asia,” Asian Survey, Vol. 34, No.3, pp. 433-455.
Dishman, Chris., 2001/August. “Terrorism, Crime, and Transformation”, Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 43-58.
Emmers, Ralf, 2007/12. “International Regime Building in Southeast Asia: ASEAN Cooperation against the Illicit Trafficking and Abuse of Drugs,” Contemporary Southeast Asia, Vol. 29, No.3, pp. 506-525.
Field, Alexander J., 1981/4. “The Problem with Neoclassical Institutional Economics: A Critique with Special Reference to the North/Tomas Model of pre-1500 Europe,” Explorations in Economic History, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 174-198.
Gaylord, Mark S., 1990/3. “The Chinese Laundry: International Drug Trafficking and Hong Kong''s Banking Industry,” Contemporary Crises, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 23-37.
Grieco, Joseph M., 1988/11. “Anarchy and The Limits of Cooperation: A Realist Critique of the Newest Liberal Institutionalism,” International Organization, Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 495-502.
Haas, Ernst B. and Schmitter, Philippe C., 1964/Autumn. “Economic and Difference Patterns of Political Integration,” International Organization, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 705-737.
Haftendorn, Helga, 1991/5. “The Security Puzzle: Theory-building and Discipline building in International Security.” International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 35, No.1, pp. 3-17.
Hound, Markus, 2002. “From Neighborhood Watch Group to Community? The Case of ASEAN Institutions and the Pooling of Sovereignty,” Australian Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 56, No. 1, pp. 99-120.
Jelsma, Martin &Tom Kramer, 2008/8. “Withdrawal Symptoms Changes in Southeast Asia Drugs Market”, Drugs and Conflict Debate Paper, No.16, pp. 1-40.
Jelsma, Martin, Tom Kramer and Pietje Vervest, ed., 2003/12. “Drugs and Conflict in Burma Dilemmas for Policy Responses,” Drugs and Conflict Debate Paper, No. 9, pp. 1-32.
Keohane, Robert O., 1982/Spring. “The Demand for International Regimes,” International Organization, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 325-355.
Keohane, Robert O., 1988/12. “International Institutions: Two Approaches,” International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 379-396.
Keohane, Robert O. and Joseph S. Nye, 1987/Autumn. “Power and Interdependence Revisited,” International Organization, Vol. 41, No. 4, , pp. 725-753.
Keohane, Robert O., 2000/1. “Ideas part-way Down,” Review of International Studies, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 125-130.
Koremenos, Barbara, Charles Lipson, and Duncan Sindal, 2001/Autumn. “The Rational Design of International Institutions,” International Organization, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 761-799.
Kindleberger, Charles, 1986/3. “International Public Goods without International Government,” American Economic Review, Vol. 76, No. 1, pp. 1- 13.
Kramer, Tom, 2009/7. “From Golden Triangle to Rubber Belt? The Future of Opium Bans in the KoKang and Wa Regions,” Drug Policy Briefing, No. 29, pp. 1-12.
Levy, Marc A., Oran R. Young and Michael. Zürn, 1995/9. “The Study of International Regimes,” European Journal of International Relations, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp.267-330.
Lijun, Sheng, 2006. “CHINA-ASEAN Cooperation against Illicit Drugs from the Golden Triangle,” Asian Perspective, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 97-126.
Lisa L. Martin, 1993/Autumn. “Interests, Power, and Multilaterealism,” International Organization, Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 765-792.
Mearsheimer, John J., 1995/Summer. “A Realist Reply,” International Security, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 85-86.
Mearsheimer, John J., 1994/Winter. “The False Promise of International Institutions,” International Security, Vol. 19, No.3, pp.12~14.
Morgenthau, Hans J., 1952/12. “The National Interest of the United States,” American Political Science Review, Vol. 46, No.4, , pp. 961-988.
Nugent, David, 1982/9. “Closed System and Contradiction : the Kachin IN and Out of History,” Man, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp.508-527.
Nye, Joseph S., 1988/2. “Review: Neorealism and Neoliberalism,” World Politics, Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 235-251.
Powell, Robert, 1991/12. “Absolute and Relative Gains in International Relations Theory,” The American Political Science Review, Vol. 85, No. 4, pp. 1303-1320.
Rosenau, James N., 1994/9. “New Dimensions of Security,” Security Dialogue, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 255-281.
Snidal, Duncan, 1991/7. “Relative Gains and the Pattern of International Cooperation,” The American Political Science Review, Vol. 85, No. 3, pp. 701-726.
Stein, Arthur, 1982/Spring. “Coordination and Collaboration: Regimes in an Anarchic World,” International Organization, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 299-324.
United Nations Development Programme, 1995. “Redefining Security: The Human Dimension,” Current History, No.94, pp. 230-236.
Wendt, Alexander, 1994/6. “Collective Identify Formation and the International State,” American Political Science Review, Vol. 88, No. 2, pp. 384-396.

官方文件
Human Right Watch, 2014. Human Right Watch World Report 2014. New York: Human Right Watch Press.
United Nations Offices on Drugs and Crime, 2013. World Drug Report 2013. New York: United Nations.
United Nations Offices on Drugs and Crime, 2012. World Drug Report 2012. New York: United Nations.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2012. Opium Poppy Cultivation in South East Asia: Lao PDR, Myanmar, Thailand. New York: United Nations.
United Nations Offices on Drugs and Crime, 2011. World Drug Report 2011. New York: United Nations.
United Nations Offices on Drugs and Crime, 2010. World Drug Report 2010. New York: United Nations.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2009. Addiction, Crime and Insurgency: The Transnational Threat of the Afghan Opium. New York: United Nations.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2008. Sustaining Opium Reduction in Southeast Asia: Sharing Experiences on Alternative Development and Beyond. Lao PDR: UNDOC Country Office.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2008. “Sustaining Opium Reduction in Southeast Asia: Sharing Experiences on Alternative Development and Beyond,” Reginal Seminar: Global Partnership on Alternative Development (GLO/144), Chiang Mai, Thailand.
UNODC Regional Centre for East Asia and Pacific, 2008. Drug Free ASEAN 2015: Status and Recommendations. Bangkok: UNODC Regional Centre for East Asia and Pacific.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2007. Opium Poppy Cultivation in South East Asia: Lao PDR, Myanmar, Thailand. New York: United Nations.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime , 2006. Opium Poppy Cultivation in the Golden Triangle. New York: United Nations.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2005. Eastern Horizons Winter 2005. New York: United Nations.
United Nations Development Programme, 1994. Human Development Report. New York: United Nations.

報紙
Cowell, Alan., 1993/3/27. “Italians Voting Today, with Mafia’s Role a Top Issue,” New York Times, p. A10.
Glaze,John A., 2007/10/22. “Opium and Afghanistan: Reassessing U.S. Counter Narcotics Strategy,” Strategic Studies Institute Carlisle Paper, p. 7.



網際網路
ASEAN, “Press Release of ASEAN and China on a Joint Regional Plan to Achieve a Drug-Free ASEAN by 2015,” ASEAN ,&;lt;http://www.aseansec.org/5799.htm&;gt;.
ASEAN, “ASEAN Plan of Action on Drug Abuse Control,” ASEAN, &;lt;http:// www.asean.org/communities/asean-political-security-community/item/plan-of-action-on-drug-abuse-control&;gt;.
ASEAN, “ ASEAN Vision 2020,” ASEAN,&;lt;http: //www.asean.org/ news/item/ asean – vision-2020&;gt;.
ASEAN, “Jointed Declaration for Drug Fee ASEAN,” ASEAN, &;lt;http://www.asean.org/ communities/asean-political-security-community/item/joint-declaration-for-a-drug - free-asean&;gt;.
ASEAN, “Hanoi Action Plan,” ASEAN, &;lt; http:// www.asean. org/ news/ item/ Hanoi-plan
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Entous, Adam, 2009/10/9. “Taliban Growth Weighs on Obama Strategy Review,” The Washington Post,<http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2009-10-09/world/36827 396_1_taliban-gains-president-hamid-karzai–afghannistan-next-year>.
Interpol, “Introduction to Interpol,” Interpol, &;lt;http://www.interpol.int/&;gt;.
Interpol, “Drug Interpol Response,” Interpol, &;lt; http://www.interpol.int/en/ Crime-areas / Drugs/Drugs /&;gt;.
Lintner, Bertil, 2000/5.“ The Golden Triangle Opium Trade: An Overview,” Asian Pacific Media Service,&;lt;http://www.asiapacificms.com/papers/pdf/gt_opium_trade. pdf&;gt;.
Myanmar Narcotic, “For a description of the 15-Year Plan for Elimination of Narcotic Drugs and details about the breakdown into three phases,” Myanmar Narcotic, &;lt;www.myanmar-narcotic.net/eradication/anti3.htm&;gt;.

National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute in Laos “Rubber institutions in Ban Hat Ngao: Managing trees, markets and producers,” NAFRIL, &;lt;http://www. nafri.org.la/index.php?option=com_docman&;task=cat_view&;Itemid=71&;gid=43&;lang=lo&;gt;.
NATO, “ISAF’s Mission in Afghanistan,” NATO, &;lt;http://www.nato.int/cps/en/ SID- F905446 A - C 63308F0/natolive/topics_69366.htm&;gt;.
People’s Daily, 2007/8/22. “SCO, Afghanistan Need to Deepen Cooperation, Secretary General,”People’s Daily, &;lt;http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/ 90001/ 90777/ 6 2 4 5785.html&;gt;.
People’s Daily, 2005/10/4. “Myanmar to implement strategic rubber plantation project,” People’s Daily,&;lt;http://english.people.daily.com.cn /200510/04/eng20051004 _ 21 2458.htm&;gt;.
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UNDOC, “Rainbow Strategy for Afghanistan,” UNDOC, &;lt; http://www.unodc.org/ unodc/ en/ front page/rainbow-strategy-for-afghanistan-.html&;gt;.
Yayoi Fujita, ed., “Key issues in smallholder rubber planting in Oudomxay and Luang Prabang provinces, Lao PDR,” p. 25, National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute, &;lt;http:// lad.nafri.org.la/fulltext/LAD010320071379.pdf&;gt;.
 
 
 
 
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